Ethnic inequities in 6-8 week baby check coverage in England 2006- 2021: a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Background: Inequities in the coverage of 6-8-week maternal checks, health visitor reviews, and infant vaccinations have been reported in England. Ethnic inequities in 6-8-week baby checks have not been studied nationally.

Aim: To examine the effect of maternal ethnicity on 6-8 week baby check coverage in England 2006-2021.

Sexual and reproductive health and rights of migrant women attending primary care in England: A population-based cohort study of 1.2 million individuals of reproductive age (2009-2018).

Background: Evidence on the sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of migrants is lacking globally. We describe SRHR healthcare resource use and long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) prescriptions for migrant versus non-migrant women attending primary care in England (2009-2018).

Methods: This population-based observational cohort study, using Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD, included females living in England aged 15 to 49.

Ethnic inequities in routine childhood vaccinations in England 2006-2021: an observational cohort study using electronic health records.

Background: Population groups that are underserved by England's childhood vaccination programme must be identified to address the country's declining vaccination coverage. We examined routine childhood vaccination coverage in England by maternal ethnicity between 2006 and 2021.

Methods: We created first, second and fifth birthday cohorts using mother-child linked electronic health records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum.

Synaptotagmin-11 regulates immune functions of microglia in vivo.

Membrane trafficking pathways mediate key microglial activities such as cell migration, cytokine secretion, and phagocytosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Previously, we found that synaptotagmin-11 (Syt11), a non-Ca -binding Syt associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and schizophrenia, inhibits cytokine release and phagocytosis in primary microglia.

Small numbers, big impact: making a utilitarian case for the contribution of inclusion health to population health in England.

Inclusion health groups make up a small proportion of the general population, so despite the extreme social exclusion and poor health outcomes that these groups experience, they are often overlooked in public health investment and policy development. In this paper, we demonstrate that a utilitarian argument can be made for investment in better support for inclusion health groups despite their small size. That is, by preventing social exclusion, there is the potential for large aggregate health benefits to the whole population.

Synaptotagmin-11 Inhibits Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis via Endophilin A1.

Synaptic vesicle (SV) endocytosis is a critical and well-regulated process for the maintenance of neurotransmission. We previously reported that synaptotagmin-11 (Syt11), an essential non-Ca-binding Syt associated with brain diseases, inhibits neuronal endocytosis (Wang et al., 2016).

Ethnic differences and inequities in paediatric healthcare utilisation in the UK: a scoping review.

Background: Despite the increased policy attention on ethnic health inequities since the COVID-19 pandemic, research on ethnicity and healthcare utilisation in children has largely been overlooked.

Objectives: This scoping review aimed to describe and appraise the quantitative evidence on ethnic differences (unequal) and inequities (unequal, unfair and disproportionate to healthcare needs) in paediatric healthcare utilisation in the UK 2001-2021.

Methods: We searched Embase, Medline and grey literature sources and mapped the number of studies that found differences and inequities by ethnic group and healthcare utilisation outcome.

Migrants' primary care utilisation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in England: An interrupted time series analysis.

Background: How international migrants access and use primary care in England is poorly understood. We aimed to compare primary care consultation rates between international migrants and non-migrants in England before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2015-2020).

Methods: Using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD, we identified migrants using country-of-birth, visa-status or other codes indicating international migration.

What can the UK learn from the impact of migrant populations on national life expectancy?

Improvements in life expectancy at birth in the UK had stalled prior to 2020 and have fallen during the COVID-19 pandemic. The stagnation took place at a time of relatively high net migration, yet we know that migrants to Australia, the USA and some Nordic countries have positively impacted national life expectancy trends, outperforming native-born populations in terms of life expectancy. It is important to ascertain whether migrants have contributed positively to life expectancy in the UK, concealing worsening trends in the UK-born population, or whether relying on national life expectancy calculations alone may have masked excess mortality in migrant populations.

Development and Validation of a Primary Care Electronic Health Record Phenotype to Study Migration and Health in the UK.

International migrants comprised 14% of the UK's population in 2020; however, their health is rarely studied at a population level using primary care electronic health records due to difficulties in their identification. We developed a migration phenotype using country of birth, visa status, non-English main/first language and non-UK-origin codes and applied it to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD database of 16,071,111 primary care patients between 1997 and 2018. We compared the completeness and representativeness of the identified migrant population to Office for National Statistics (ONS) country-of-birth and 2011 census data by year, age, sex, geographic region of birth and ethnicity.

Combination of liquid crystal and deep learning reveals distinct signatures of Parkinson's disease-related wild-type α-synuclein and six pathogenic mutants.

α-Synuclein is a central player in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology. Various point mutations in α-synuclein have been identified to alter the protein-phospholipid binding behavior and cause PD. Therefore, exploration of α-synuclein-phospholipid interaction is important for understanding the PD pathogenesis and helping the early diagnosis of PD.

Social prescribing for migrants in the United Kingdom: A systematic review and call for evidence.

Background: The health needs of international migrants living in the United Kingdom (UK) extend beyond mainstream healthcare to services that address the wider determinants of health and wellbeing. Social prescribing, which links individuals to these wider services, is a key component of the UK National Health Service (NHS) strategy, yet little is known about social prescribing approaches and outcomes for international migrants. This review describes the evidence base on social prescribing for migrants in the UK.

SNARE Proteins Mediate α-Synuclein Secretion via Multiple Vesicular Pathways.

The cell-to-cell transmission of pathological α-synuclein (α-syn) has been proposed to be a critical event in the development of synucleinopathies. Recent studies have begun to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism of α-syn propagation. As one of the central steps, α-syn secretion is reported to be Ca-dependent and mediated by unconventional exocytosis.

Synaptotagmin-11 inhibits spontaneous neurotransmission through vti1a.

Recent work has revealed that spontaneous release plays critical roles in the central nervous system, but how it is regulated remains elusive. Here, we report that synaptotagmin-11 (Syt11), a Ca -independent Syt isoform associated with schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease, suppressed spontaneous release. Syt11-knockout hippocampal neurons showed an increased frequency of miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents while over-expression of Syt11 inversely decreased the frequency.

Migration health research in the United Kingdom: A scoping review.

Background: One in seven people living in the United Kingdom (UK) is an international migrant, rendering migrants an important population group with diverse and dynamic health and healthcare needs. However, there has been no attempt to map contemporary trends within migration health research conducted in the UK. The aim of this scoping review was to describe trends within migration health research and identify gaps for future research agendas.

Simple, rapid and sensitive detection of Parkinson's disease related alpha-synuclein using a DNA aptamer assisted liquid crystal biosensor.

Alpha-synuclein (αS) has been proposed as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the detection of αS using a simple, rapid and sensitive approach is still challenging. Herein, we construct a new type of biosensor for the detection of αS, combining the stimuli-responsiveness of liquid crystals (LCs) and the specific interaction of a DNA aptamer with proteins.

Could α-Klotho Unlock the Key Between Depression and Dementia in the Elderly: from Animal to Human Studies.

α-Klotho is known for its aging-related functions and is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, accelerated aging, premature morbidity, and mortality. Recent literature suggests that α-Klotho is also involved in the regulation of mental functions, such as cognition and psychosis. While most of studies of α-Klotho are focusing on its anti-aging functions and protective role in dementia, increasing evidence showed many shared symptoms between depression and dementia, while depression has been proposed as the preclinical stage of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Parkin-dependent and -independent degradation of synaptotagmin-11 in neurons and astrocytes.

Synaptotagmin-11 (Syt11) is associated with schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease (PD) and is a critical substrate of parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase linked to PD. Previously we reported that Syt11 regulates multiple membrane trafficking pathways in neurons and glia. However, the regulation of Syt11 degradation remains largely unknown.

Developing interprofessional collaboration between clinicians, interpreters, and translators in healthcare settings: outcomes from face-to-face training.

Interprofessional collaboration between clinicians, interpreters, and translators is crucial to providing care for consumers with limited English proficiency. Interprofessional training for these professions has been overlooked outside of the medical field. This study investigated whether face-to-face training for speech pathologists, interpreters, and translators improved their knowledge, confidence, practice, and attitudes to engage in interprofessional collaboration.

Pathogenic Mutations Differentially Regulate Cell-to-Cell Transmission of α-Synuclein.

Recent studies suggest that the cell-to-cell spread of pathological α-synuclein (α-syn) plays important roles in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD patients who carry α-syn gene mutations often have an earlier onset and more severe clinical symptoms and pathology than sporadic PD cases who carry the wild-type (WT) α-syn gene. However, the molecular mechanism by which α-syn gene mutations promote PD remains unclear.

A novel, label-free liquid crystal biosensor for Parkinson's disease related alpha-synuclein.

A liquid crystal biosensor based on DNA aptamer for sensitive detection of Parkinson's Disease (PD) related alpha-synuclein was developed. This LC biosensor is constructed using a simple and label free method, and it not only enables early PD diagnosis, but also provides a general platform for detection based on DNA aptamer.

Phagocytosis Assay for α-Synuclein Fibril Uptake by Mouse Primary Microglia.

Microglia are professional phagocytes in the brain and deficiency in their phagocytic activity plays an important role in Parkinson's disease. This protocol mainly describes the phagocytosis assay for uptake of α-synuclein preformed fibrils, a pathologic form of α-synuclein, by primary microglia.

Synaptotagmin-11 inhibits cytokine secretion and phagocytosis in microglia.

Cytokine secretion and phagocytosis are key functions of activated microglia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their regulation in microglia remain largely unknown. Here, we report that synaptotagmin-11 (Syt11), a non-Ca -binding Syt implicated in Parkinson disease and schizophrenia, inhibits cytokine secretion and phagocytosis in microglia.

Putting a brake on synaptic vesicle endocytosis.

In chemical synapses, action potentials evoke synaptic vesicle fusion with the presynaptic membrane at the active zone to release neurotransmitter. Synaptic vesicle endocytosis (SVE) then follows exocytosis to recapture vesicle proteins and lipid components for recycling and the maintenance of membrane homeostasis. Therefore, SVE plays an essential role during neurotransmission and is one of the most precisely regulated biological processes.