The impact of learning disabilities on control, management, and outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UK: an observational cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Introduction: Adults with learning disabilities in the UK have a substantially higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than the general population. This study aimed to assess the impact of living with learning disabilities on T2DM control, therapeutic management, vascular outcomes, and mortality in UK primary care.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted an observational cohort study using primary care electronic health records from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Evidence of ethnic variations in the relationships between routinely recorded clinical factors and T2D: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Evidence on ethnic differences in factors associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is mixed. We aimed to systematically review evidence on ethnic variations in the relationships between routinely recorded demographic and clinical factors and T2D.

Methods: We searched Medline Complete and Embase for observational studies published between 1990 and 2023 investigating ethnic differences in factors routinely recorded in clinical encounters associated with T2D.

Global multi-ancestry genetic study elucidates genes and biological pathways associated with thyroid cancer and benign thyroid diseases.

Thyroid diseases are common and highly heritable. Under the Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative, we performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies from 19 biobanks for five thyroid diseases: thyroid cancer, benign nodular goiter, Graves' disease, lymphocytic thyroiditis, and primary hypothyroidism. We analyzed genetic association data from ~2.

Ashwagandha () for promoting recovery in long covid: protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial (APRIL Trial).

Background: Long covid describes a syndrome of persistent symptoms following COVID-19 and is responsible for substantial healthcare and economic burden. Currently, no effective treatments have been established. Ashwagandha () is a medicinal herb traditionally used in India for its immune-strengthening and anti-inflammatory properties.

Understanding the potential contribution of polygenic risk scores to the prediction of gestational and type 2 diabetes in women from British Pakistani and Bangladeshi groups: a cohort study in Genes and Health.

Background: British Pakistani and Bangladeshi (BPB) women have disproportionately high rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with prevalence estimates up to three times higher than in the general population. They are also at increased risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes, leading to significant health complications. Despite this, predictive models tailored to this high-risk, yet understudied group are lacking.

Glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycaemia in hospitalised adults: A matched cohort study (2013-2023).

Aims: To compare the risk of new-onset hyperglycaemia between inpatients treated versus non-treated with systemic glucocorticoids and identify factors associated with glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycaemia (GIH).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a cohort study using electronic healthcare records of adults admitted to the Oxford University Hospitals between 2013 and 2023. We excluded patients with diabetes or prescribed systemic glucocorticoids before admission.

Cardiovascular disease burden and risk factor management in cancer survivors: insights into a multiethnic, socioeconomically deprived urban population.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden and risk factor management among cancer survivors, especially in socioeconomically deprived, multiethnic populations, remain understudied. This study examines CVD burden and risk factor control in survivors of 20 cancer types within a diverse urban population.

Methods: This matched cohort study used electronic health records from 127 urban primary care practices.

Study protocol: Comparison of different risk prediction modelling approaches for COVID-19 related death using the OpenSAFELY platform.

On March 11th 2020, the World Health Organization characterised COVID-19 as a pandemic. Responses to containing the spread of the virus have relied heavily on policies involving restricting contact between people. Evolving policies regarding shielding and individual choices about restricting social contact will rely heavily on perceived risk of poor outcomes from COVID-19.

Instruments for assessing patient-reported experience measures among patients with diabetes mellitus: a scoping review.

Purpose: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) management is increasingly focusing on patient-centered care, making patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) critical for understanding the subjective aspects of diabetes treatment and self-management. These measures differ based on cultural contexts and individual perspectives, leading different countries to the development of country-specific tools to assess care quality from the patient's viewpoint. This review aimed to identify available instruments for assessing patient-reported experiences in individuals with diabetes and examine the different domains, items, and the validity and reliability of these instruments.

Diabetes complications in people with alcohol use disorder and type 2 diabetes.

Background: People living with alcohol use disorder (AUD) who develop type 2 diabetes (T2DM) may be at higher risk of diabetes complications.

Aim: Our aim was to compare diabetes monitoring and incidence of diabetes complications between people with and without AUD prior to T2DM diagnosis attending primary care in England.

Design & Setting: We used the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum linked with Hospital Episode Statistics and Office for National Statistics mortality data.

What Are High-Quality Race and Ethnicity Data and How Are They Used in Health Equity Research?

The COVID-19 pandemic changed public awareness of the importance of high-quality race and ethnicity data for identifying and redressing widely documented racial and ethnic health inequity. This article emphasizes the importance of high-quality race and ethnicity data in health equity research, as highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The article defines what constitutes high-quality race and ethnicity data, discusses challenges in using these data, and provides 2 cases that illustrate the role of these data in identifying and redressing health inequity.

Genetic architecture of routinely acquired blood tests in a British South Asian cohort.

Understanding the genetic basis of routinely-acquired blood tests can provide insights into several aspects of human physiology. We report a genome-wide association study of 42 quantitative blood test traits defined using Electronic Healthcare Records (EHRs) of ~50,000 British Bangladeshi and British Pakistani adults. We demonstrate a causal variant within the PIEZO1 locus which was associated with alterations in red cell traits and glycated haemoglobin.

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on deprivation-level differences in cardiovascular hospitalisations: a comparison of England and Denmark using the OpenSAFELY platform and National Registry Data.

Objectives: To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on deprivation-related inequalities in hospitalisations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) conditions in Denmark and England between March 2018 and December 2021.

Design: Time-series studies in England and Denmark.

Setting: With the approval of National Health Service England, we used English primary care electronic health records, linked to secondary care and death registry data through the OpenSAFELY platform and nationwide Danish health registry data.

COVID-19 pandemic impact on hypertension management in North East London: an observational cohort study using electronic health records.

Objective: There are established inequities in the monitoring and management of hypertension in England. The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on primary care management of long-term conditions such as hypertension. This study investigated the possible disproportionate impact of the pandemic across patient groups.

Estimating disease burden using national linked electronic health records: a study using an English population-based cohort.

Background: Electronic health records (EHRs) have the potential to be used to produce detailed disease burden estimates. In this study we created disease estimates using national EHR for three high burden conditions, compared estimates between linked and unlinked datasets and produced stratified estimates by age, sex, ethnicity, socio-economic deprivation and geographical region.

Methods: EHRs containing primary care (Clinical Practice Research Datalink), secondary care (Hospital Episode Statistics) and mortality records (Office for National Statistics) were used.

Practice list size, workforce composition and performance in English general practice: a latent profile analysis.

Background: Following government calls for General Practices in England to work at scale, some practices have grown in size from traditionally small, General Practitioner (GP)-led organisations to large multidisciplinary enterprises. We assessed the effect of practice list size and workforce composition on practice performance in clinical outcomes and patient experience.

Methods: We linked five practice-level datasets in England to obtain a single dataset of practice workforce, list size, proportion of registered patients ≥ 65 years of age, female-male sex ratio, deprivation, rurality, GP contract type, patient experience of care, and Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) and non-QOF clinical processes and outcomes.

Ethnic differences in depression and anxiety among adults with atopic eczema: Population-based matched cohort studies within UK primary care.

Background: Evidence demonstrates that individuals with atopic eczema (eczema) have increased depression and anxiety; however, the role of ethnicity in these associations is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate whether associations between eczema and depression or anxiety differed between adults from white and minority ethnic groups in the UK.

Methods: We used UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD to conduct matched cohort studies of adults (≥18 years) with ethnicity recorded in primary care electronic health records (April 2006-January 2020).

Sexual and reproductive health and rights of migrant women attending primary care in England: A population-based cohort study of 1.2 million individuals of reproductive age (2009-2018).

Background: Evidence on the sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of migrants is lacking globally. We describe SRHR healthcare resource use and long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) prescriptions for migrant versus non-migrant women attending primary care in England (2009-2018).

Methods: This population-based observational cohort study, using Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD, included females living in England aged 15 to 49.

Weight trends among adults with diabetes or hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study using OpenSAFELY.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic restrictions may have influenced behaviours related to weight.

Aim: To describe patterns of weight change among adults living in England with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or hypertension during the pandemic.

Design And Setting: An observational cohort study using the routinely collected health data of approximately 40% of adults living in England, accessed through the OpenSAFELY service inside TPP.

Incident dementia risk among patients with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin versus alternative oral glucose-lowering therapy: an observational cohort study using UK primary healthcare records.

Introduction: 4.2 million individuals in the UK have type 2 diabetes, a known risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Diabetes treatment may modify this association, but existing evidence is conflicting.