Reactive Evolution of HMML from Gas Phase Formation to Interface Transformation on Sulfuric Acid Aerosols: A Multiscale Computational Study.

Hydroxymethyl-methyl-α-lactone (HMML) is a key epoxide precursor in forming tracer compounds 2-methylglyceric acid (2-MG) or 2-methylglyceric acid sulfate (2-MGOS) from isoprene under high-NOx conditions. Despite its importance, the formation and transformation of HMML─particularly under acidic aerosol conditions─are still poorly understood, limiting comprehensive knowledge of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. In this study, quantum chemical calculations, Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD), and metadynamics (MTD) simulations are employed to investigate both the formation of HMML from methacryloyl peroxynitrate (MPAN) and its interfacial transformation mechanisms on sulfuric acid aerosols.

Drought-Induced Coordination of Photosynthesis, Stomata, and Hydraulics in Maize Leaves Between Sensitive and Tolerant Varieties.

Identification of drought-tolerant maize varieties in the context of climate change is critical. Although many studies have reported that the coordination of stomatal and hydraulic conductance of plant leaves ensures the net photosynthetic rate, it is unclear whether the arrangement of these three parameters is consistent among maize varieties differing in drought tolerance. Therefore, in this study, gas exchange parameters, hydraulic properties, and stomatal structure of leaves from eight maize varieties under full and deficit irrigation (DI) were determined.

Application of Cord Blood-Derived Exosomes in Tumor Prevention and Treatment.

The eradication of tumors remains a critical and challenging issue in medical research. Exosomes (EXOs) derived from various sources have garnered increasing attention in the field of tumor therapy. Among these, cord blood (CB)-derived EXOs may offer unique advantages in combating tumors due to the distinctive properties of CB.

Immune mechanisms and signatures in lethal and non-lethal sepsis revealed by single-cell transcriptomics.

Sepsis is a life-threatening inflammatory syndrome caused by systemic infections, potentially leading to multi-organ failure and death. Due to patient heterogeneity, early and accurate diagnosis of sepsis, as well as stratification of patients by severity and potential outcomes, remains a huge challenge. In this study, we leveraged the genetic homogeneity of inbred mice to develop Escherichia coli-induced lethal and non-lethal sepsis models.

Pulmonary metastasis of giant cell tumor of bone 29 years after local recurrence resection: implications for Long-Term surveillance.

Background: Pulmonary metastases of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) are rare and typically occur within several years of initial diagnosis or local recurrence. Here, we report a case with the longest documented interval-29 years-between the last local recurrence of GCTB and pulmonary metastasis, highlighting the need for long-term surveillance.

Case Presentation: A 52-year-old female presented with an incidental pulmonary nodule detected 29 years after wide resection of recurrent GCTB in the left humeral head.

Selecting the Substantially Touched Vertebra as the Lowest Instrumented Vertebra in Spinal Surgeries for B3GALT6 -Related Disorders: Clinical Experience and Literature Review.

Objectives: B3GALT6 -related disorders are characterized by severe early-onset spinal deformities requiring surgical corrections but are associated with increased risks of perioperative complications. This study reports the clinical experience and outcomes of selecting the substantially touched vertebra (STV) as the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) in spinal surgeries for patients with B3GALT6 -related disorders, a group of extremely rare skeletal and connective tissue disorders.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who were molecularly diagnosed with B3GALT6 -related disorders and received spinal surgeries for (kypho)scoliosis between 2017 and June 2023.

Effect of Feeding Mice Soluble Metals and Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil on Feces Metal Concentrations.

The effect of heavy metal availability and interaction in feed on feces heavy metal excretion in mice has rarely been investigated. In this work, feed containing a polluted soil (total Cd = 6.34, total Pb = 387 mg kg) amended with phosphate, bentonite and lime, or feed spiked with soluble Pb and Cd were fed to mice for 10 days.

Distinct evolution patterns of influenza viruses and implications for vaccine development.

In conclusion, the distinct evolution patterns of panzootic influenza A(H5Nx) compared to A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) complicate vaccine development. Effective strategies must consider these unique patterns and the impact of pre-existing immunity. Leveraging AI-based methods for optimized antigen design is essential to mitigate the potential impact of emerging antigenically variable strains and will provide valuable insights for developing more effective vaccines to prepare for future pandemics.

Selective aptasensor of deoxynivalenol based on dual signal enhancement of thionine electrochemistry using silver nanoparticle-loaded label at gold nanoparticle-loaded electrodes.

In this work, an efficient sensing platform deoxynivalenol (DON) detection was constructed through monitoring the current change of a competitive mechanism triggered by DON, leading the signal label detached from the electrode surface by square-wave voltammetry using thionine (Thi) as a redox indicator. The complementary strand of aptamer (cDNA) and Thi were loaded onto Fe/Ni bimetallic metal-organic framework loaded with sliver nanoparticles (AgNPs@FeNi-MOF) to construct AgNPs@FeNi-MOF/cDNA/Thi signal probes. In the presence of DON, the aptamer sequence was more predisposed to form an aptamer-DON complex, resulting in the displacement of the cDNA.

Molecular dynamics investigation of IEPOX chemical behavior at the interface and in the bulk phase of acidic aerosols.

Isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) is an important reactive gas-phase intermediate produced by the photooxidation of isoprene under low NO conditions, playing a key role in the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Previous studies have mostly focused on the liquid-phase reactions of IEPOX within aerosols; however, interfacial heterogeneous chemical reactions are equally important in SOA formation. This study systematically explores the reaction mechanisms of IEPOX at the acidic aerosol interface and in the bulk phase using classical molecular dynamics (MD) and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations (AIMD).

Reversibly Crosslinked Polyurethane Fibres from Sugar-Based 5-Chloromethylfurfural: Synthesis, Fibre-Spinning and Fibre-to-Fibre Recycling.

The development of recyclable crosslinked thermosetting fibres is a challenging research topic. In the present work, we have designed and synthesized polyurethane fibres from fructose-derived 5-chloromethylfurfural (CMF) and lignin-derived monomeric phenols. The greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production of CMF showed comparable results to that of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a high potential sugar-based platform molecule.

Breaking Latent Infection: How ORF37/38-Deletion Mutants Offer New Hope against EHV-1 Neuropathogenicity.

Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) has been linked to the emergence of neurological disorders, with the horse racing industry experiencing significant impacts from outbreaks of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Building robust immune memory before pathogen exposure enables rapid recognition and elimination, preventing infection. This is crucial for effectively managing EHV-1.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of peripheral nerve injury.

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common neurological disorder and complete functional recovery is difficult to achieve. In recent years, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have emerged as ideal seed cells for PNI treatment due to their strong differentiation potential and autologous transplantation ability. This review aims to summarize the molecular mechanisms by which BMSCs mediate nerve repair in PNI.

Conserved moonlighting protein pyruvate dehydrogenase induces robust protection against infection.

Developing an effective () vaccine has been a challenging endeavor, as demonstrated by numerous failed clinical trials over the years. In this study, we formulated a vaccine containing a highly conserved moonlighting protein, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 subunit (PDHC), and showed that it induced strong protective immunity against epidemiologically relevant staphylococcal strains in various murine disease models. While antibody responses contributed to bacterial control, they were not essential for protective immunity in the bloodstream infection model.

Electrochemical aptamer sensor based on AgNPs@PDANSs and "sandwich" structure guidance for the detection of tobramycin in water samples.

In this study, an ultrasensitive detection platform for tobramycin (TOB) was developed, featuring a "sandwich" structure guided by AgNCs@PDANSs and Thi-AuNCs@ZnONSs. To address the issue of large background current peak signals in tagless sensors, Thi-AuNCs@ZnONSs composites were synthesized as signal tags. Zinc oxide nanosheets (ZnONSs) served as the loading agent, and AuNCs with the electroactive molecule Thi acted as carriers.

Development of a live attenuated vaccine candidate for equid alphaherpesvirus 1 control: a step towards efficient protection.

Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EqAHV1) is a viral pathogen known to cause respiratory disease, neurologic syndromes, and abortion storms in horses. Currently, there are no vaccines that provide complete protection against EqAHV1. Marker vaccines and the differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategy are effective for preventing and controlling outbreaks but have not been used for the prevention of EqAHV1 infection.

Exo Ⅲ-assisted amplification signal strategy synergized with Au@Pt NFs/CoSe for sensitive detection of enrofloxacin.

Overuse of enrofloxacin (ENR) has posed a potential threat to ecosystems and public health, so it is critical to sensitive and accurate determination of ENR residues. In this work, a novel ultra-sensitive and specific electrochemical aptasensor was fabricated based on the cobalt diselenide loaded gold and platinum nanoflowers (Au@Pt NFs/ CoSe) and Exonuclease III (Exo III)-assisted cycle amplification strategy for the detection of ENR. Au@Pt NFs/ CoSe nanosheets as the substrate material, with large surface area, accelerate electron transfer and attach more DNA probes on the electrode substrate, have effectively enhanced the electrochemical performance of the electrode.

EZH2 Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration via Mir-142-3p/KCNQ1OT1/HMGB3 Axis : Running Title: EZH2 Promotes Glioma cell Malignant Behaviors.

This study investigates the role and molecular mechanism of EZH2 in glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. EZH2, miR-142-3p, lncRNA KCNQ1OT1, LIN28B, and HMGB3 expressions in glioma tissues and cells were determined using qRT-PCR or Western blot, followed by CCK-8 assay detection of cell viability, Transwell detection of invasion and migration, ChIP analysis of the enrichment of EZH2 and H3K27me3 on miR-142-3p promoter, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP validation of the binding of miR-142-3p-KCNQ1OT1 and KCNQ1OT1-LIN28B, and actinomycin D detection of KCNQ1OT1 and HMGB3 mRNA stability. A nude mouse xenograft model and a lung metastasis model were established.

Vaccination-Route-Dependent Adjuvanticity of Antigen-Carrying Nanoparticles for Enhanced Vaccine Efficacy.

Vaccination-route-dependent adjuvanticity was identified as being associated with the specific features of antigen-carrying nanoparticles (NPs) in the present work. Here, we demonstrated that the mechanical properties and the decomposability of NP adjuvants play key roles in determining the antigen accessibility and thus the overall vaccine efficacy in the immune system when different vaccination routes were employed. We showed that soft nano-vaccines were associated with more efficient antigen uptake when administering subcutaneous (S.

Type-II IFN inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in human lung epithelial cells and ex vivo human lung tissues through indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-mediated pathways.

Interferons (IFNs) are critical for immune defense against pathogens. While type-I and -III IFNs have been reported to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication, the antiviral effect and mechanism of type-II IFN against SARS-CoV-2 remain largely unknown. Here, we evaluate the antiviral activity of type-II IFN (IFNγ) using human lung epithelial cells (Calu3) and ex vivo human lung tissues.