Assessing diagnostic performance of plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease versus cognitively unimpaired individuals: P-tau217 emerges as the optimal marker in Chinese cohorts.

Introduction: The Simoa platform is recognized as a highly sensitive tool for detecting blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is extensively utilized in the diagnosis and identification of AD, with accuracy emerging as a pivotal metric for assessing assay performance, gradually gaining acceptance and application. The primary objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of multiple biomarkers in AD using the Simoa platform.

Simultaneous Enrichment and Ultrasensitive Detection of Angiotensin I, II, and III and Aldosterone in Human Plasma Based on Magnetic Covalent Organic Frameworks and LC-MS/MS.

Angiotensin I, II, and III (Ang I, II, and III) and aldosterone (Aldo) play an important role in primary aldosteronism (PA) screening according to the study of the blood pressure regulation mechanism. However, Ang I, Ang II, Ang III, and Aldo are present in human plasma at low concentrations and have different polarities, which make it rather challenging for current detection methods to simultaneously detect four analytes in complex blood samples. In this study, a new magnetic covalent organic framework (COF) was synthesized for the enrichment of Ang I, II, and III and Aldo in human plasma, and a new method for the simultaneous detection of four analytes was developed based on the magnetic COF and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers coupled with UPLC-MS/MS for simultaneous detection of 19 steroid hormones in human plasma.

Steroid hormones constitute a group of hormones with molecular weights ranging from 200 to 400 daltons, characterized by their highly similar chemical structures. Each hormone within this group holds significant value for the diagnosis of various diseases. Accurate clinical measurement of the levels of each hormone is crucial for the diagnosis in clinical settings.

Comparative Analysis of Skim Milk and Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteomes between Human and Farm Animal Milk for Infant Formula Production.

Human and animal milk contain a rich variety of milk proteins that meet the needs of their newborns. In total, 1263 skim milk proteins and 1754 MFGM proteins were identified in human milk and six types of animal milk, respectively. Both similarities and differences were observed among the species.

Association between serum sodium trajectory and mortality in patients with acute kidney injury: a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Dysnatremia is strongly associated with poor prognosis in acute kidney injury (AKI); however, the impact of sodium trajectories on the prognosis of patients with AKI has not yet been well elucidated. This study aimed to assess the association between sodium trajectories in patients with AKI and mortality at 30-day and 1-year follow-up.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database, and patients diagnosed with AKI within 48 h after admission were enrolled.

Characteristics of casein phosphopeptides in Chinese human milk and its correlation with infant growth: A cross-sectional study.

This research aimed to investigate the characteristics of casein phosphopeptides in Chinese human milk, and their potential relationship to infant growth. Using the liquid chromatography-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry technique, a total of 15 casein phosphopeptides were identified from 200 human milk samples. Also, our results indicate that casein phosphopeptides were phosphorylated with only one phosphate.

A LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of aldosterone, its precursor 18-hydroxycorticosterone and its metabolite tetrahydroaldosterone in human urine.

Aldosterone (ALD), its precursor 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OHB) and its metabolite tetrahydroaldosterone (TH-ALD) are important biomarkers for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is increasingly utilized in the detection of small molecules of hormones because it has advantages in terms of specificity and sensitivity. The objective of this study is to develop a new LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of ALD (free), 18-OHB, and TH-ALD in human urine and attempt to diagnose primary aldosteronism using different indicators.

Identification of molecular subgroups and establishment of risk model based on the response to oxidative stress to predict overall survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective: Oxidative stress is associated with the occurrence and development of lung cancer. However, the specific association between lung cancer and oxidative stress is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of oxidative stress in the progression and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Comparison of Whey Proteome and Glycoproteome in Bovine Colostrum and Mature Milk.

Milk samples were collected from 10 cows, in the colostrum (3-4 days) and mature (90 days) lactation stage, to assess the differential expression of all whey proteins and -glycoproteins. In total, 240 whey proteins and 315 -glycosylation sites on 214 glycoproteins were quantified. GO annotations, KEGG pathway analysis, and protein classification were performed to understand the similarities and differences of the biological functions of whey proteins and -glycoproteins among different lactation stages in bovine milk.

Determination and Risk Assessment of Flavor Components in Flavored Milk.

This study aimed to determine chemical composition and assess exposure in flavored milk among Chinese residents, based on risk assessment methodologies of acceptable daily intake (ADI) and toxicological concern threshold (TTC). Esters (32.17%), alcohols (11.

Simultaneous measurement of 19 steroid hormones in dried blood spots using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A rapid and accurate ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the measurement of 19 steroid hormones in dried blood spots and to achieve the highly traceable analysis of steroid hormones in dried blood samples. In this method, a BEH C8 column and UPLC-MS/MS were used for the separation of the steroid hormones. The extraction process was simple and accurate.

Upregulation of NUAK2: A novel prognostic marker in breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm in women worldwide. New molecular biomarkers and effective prognostic models are being developed. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of NUAK2 expression in patients with breast cancer.

A Case of a Rare Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor.

BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine neoplasms are commonly seen in association with hormone production, and clinical signs that arise from these hormonal effects often manifest as the first presentation of malignancy. The excess production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in particular, however, is primarily sporadic (80-85%) in clinical settings. In the context of malignancy, hyperparathyroidism manifestations arise most frequently from non-neuroendocrine pulmonary tumors through a ligand mimicker, parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PHrP).

Comparison of twelve human milk oligosaccharides in mature milk from different areas in China in the Chinese Human Milk Project (CHMP) study.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) act as a vital role in the development of infant's gut microbiome and immune function. This study aimed to measure 12 oligosaccharides in milk from Chinese donors (n = 203), and evaluated the influences of multiple factors on the HMOs profiles. The results indicated that concentrations of 6'-sialyllactose were the highest among 12 oligosaccharides (2.

[Clinical and genetic analysis of a patient with isolated 17,20 lyase deficiency presenting with pubertal gynecomastia].

Objective: To explore the clinical and genetic basis for a patient with isolated 17,20 lyase deficiency presenting with pubertal gynecomastia.

Methods: Clinical manifestation, steroid analysis as well as genetic testing were carried out for a 14-year-old boy featuring puberty gynecomastia.

Results: The patient was admitted due to puberty gynecomastia for 2 years.

Utilization of cinnamaldehyde and zinc oxide nanoparticles in a carboxymethylcellulose-based composite coating to improve the postharvest quality of cherry tomatoes.

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-based film packaging enriched with plant-sourced cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) of simple synthesis were prepared in this work. Then, the physico-mechanical and barrier properties and antifungal activities of CMC-based films, including pristine CMC, CIN/CMC, ZnONPs/CMC, ZnONPs/CIN/CMC were investigated. The results indicated that the ZnONPs incorporation produced a nanocomposite film with low transparency, good flexibility and high mechanical resistance.

Standardization of clinical enzyme analysis using frozen human serum pools with values assigned by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine reference measurement procedures.

Variation in clinical enzyme analysis, particularly across different measuring systems and laboratories, represents a critical but long-lasting problem in diagnosis. Calibrators with traceability and commutability are imminently needed to harmonize analysis in laboratory medicine. Fresh frozen human serum pools were assigned values for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) by six laboratories with established International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine reference measurement procedures.

Development of a matrix-based candidate reference material of total homocysteine in human serum.

We developed and evaluated a candidate serum reference material to help improve clinical routine measurement, and to provide traceability of the measurement results. D-Homocystine, dithiothreitol, and acetonitrile were used as an internal standard, the reducing agent, and the protein precipitating agent, respectively. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization source was used for monitoring the transitions (m/z 140.

Extramedullary hematopoiesis: A report of two cases.

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is defined as hematopoiesis occurring in organs outside of the bone marrow. The present report describes two cases of thalassemic patients with paraspinal medullary hematopoiesis and analyzes the clinical manifestations, imaging, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of EMH. In addition, a supplementary review of previously published cases is provided along with a review of the related literature.

Measurement of unconjugated estriol in serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and assessment of the accuracy of chemiluminescent immunoassays.

Background: Unconjugated estriol (uE3) is routinely analyzed in clinical laboratories as risk assessment for Down syndrome. Immunoassays of various types are the most commonly used methods. The accuracies of RIAs and ELISAs for uE3 have been questioned, and to date there have been no independent studies investigating the accuracy of the relatively new chemiluminescent immunoassays.

Common reference intervals for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in serum: results from an IFCC multicenter study.

Background: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) measurements are important for the assessment of liver damage. The aim of this study was to define the reference intervals (RIs) for these enzymes in adults, paying attention to standardization of the methods used and careful selection of the reference population.

Methods: AST, ALT and GGT were measured with commercial analytical systems standardized to the IFCC-recommended reference measurement systems.