Cholecystectomy-related gut microbiota dysbiosis exacerbates colorectal tumorigenesis.

Cholecystectomy represents the most prevalent biliary surgical procedure for gallbladder abnormalities. Growing evidence suggests that cholecystectomy is associated with an elevated risk of colorectal cancer. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive.

A crack detection and quantification method using matched filter and photograph reconstruction.

Crack detection is a critical task for bridge maintenance and management. While popular deep learning algorithms have shown promise, their reliance on large, high-quality training datasets, which are often unavailable in engineering practice, limits their applicability. By contrast, traditional digital image processing methods offer low computational costs and strong interpretability, making continued research in this area highly valuable.

Gut microbiome alterations and hepatic encephalopathy post-TIPS in liver cirrhosis patients.

Background: The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), a crucial tool for treating complications related to portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis, is often associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications such as hepatic encephalopathy. Accurate preoperative prediction of the risk of developing hepatic encephalopathy is critical for optimizing the rational clinical application of TIPS.

Methods: In this study, stool samples from 67 patients were collected preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively and metagenomic sequencing was performed to assess the composition of the gut microbiota.

Identification and verification of immune and oxidative stress-related diagnostic indicators for malignant lung nodules through WGCNA and machine learning.

Early detection of lung nodules (LNs) is critical for prevention and treatment of lung cancer. However, current noninvasive diagnostic methods face significant challenges in reliably distinguishing benign from malignant nodules. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel molecular biomarkers or pathways to facilitate accurate identification of truly malignant LNs.

Machine learning-based prediction of carotid intima-media thickness progression: a three-year prospective cohort study.

Background: Early detection of subclinical atherosclerosis progression is crucial for preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a recognized surrogate marker for atherosclerosis, but accurate prediction of its progression remains challenging. This study aimed to develop and validate machine learning models for predicting CIMT progression via routine clinical biomarkers.

Association between epigenetic clock acceleration and malnutrition among adults in the United States: A cross-sectional study.

Background: We investigated relationships between nutrition assessment tools (Controlling Nutritional Status [CONUT], Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index [GNRI], and Naples Prognostic Score [NPS]) and epigenetic clocks, evaluating malnutrition's impact on biological aging.

Methods: Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database (1999-2002), 2532 participants aged ≥50 years were assessed with three nutrition tools and analyzed against 12 epigenetic clocks using multiple linear regression models adjusted for confounding factors.

Results: Malnutrition prevalence rates were 13.

Developmental and neurobehavioral toxicity of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizer UV-360 on zebrafish larvae.

The presence of UV-360, a commonly utilized benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizer, has been frequently detected in diverse environments and organisms. However, existing knowledge regarding the potential impacts of UV-360 exposure on organisms remains limited. To evaluate the influence of UV-360 exposure on zebrafish during their initial developmental phases.

Genomic Insights into Vector-Pathogen Adaptation in and .

As crucial vectors that transmit pathogens to humans and livestock, ticks pose substantial global health threats and economic burdens. We analyzed 328 tick genomes to explore the population's genetic structure and the adaptive evolution of and two tick species with distinct life cycle characteristics. We observed distinct genetic structures in and .

Rapid Identification of Chemical Compounds in Danzhi Jiangtang Capsule Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Combined With Multiple Data Processing Techniques.

Danzhi Jiangtang capsule (DJC) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription that has been clinically used to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. However, research on the chemical compounds present in DJC remains limited. In this study, an analytical strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was developed for the rapid and systematic characterization of chemical compounds in DJC.

Natural Copper Ion Scavenger: Investigation of the Hepatoprotective Effects of Green Tea Extract in Toxic-Milk Mice with Wilson's Disease Model.

Wilson's disease (WD) is an inherited disorder characterized by abnormal copper metabolism with complex pathological features. Currently, the mechanism of copper overload-induced hepatic injury is unclear. Green tea is a natural chelator, and its main ingredients, green tea polyphenol (GTP) and L-theanine (L-TA) are good at binding to heavy metals like iron and copper.

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation improves cognitive decline by alleviating intradialytic cerebral hypoxia in hemodialysis patients: A fNIRS pilot study.

Cognitive impairment is common in hemodialysis patients, possibly due to inadequate cerebral blood flow during hemodialysis. No effective non-pharmacological interventions are available. This study investigates the impact of hemodialysis-induced cerebral hypoxia on cognitive decline in hemodialysis patients and the potential of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) as a non-pharmacological intervention.

Enhancing Rice Bran Soluble Dietary Fiber Yield Through Sequential Ultrasound-Xylanase Treatment.

The main aim of this study was to enhance the content of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) derived from rice bran (RB) through various treatments, including physical methods (ultrasound and alternating magnetic field (AMF)) and enzymatic approaches (cellulase and xylanase), applied individually or in combination. The results revealed that AMF treatment was the most effective single modification technique for increasing SDF yield, followed by treatments with xylanase, cellulase, and ultrasound. Notably, among the combined approaches, the sequential ultrasound-xylanase treatment (U-X) demonstrated the highest potential for enhancing SDF yield.

Asiaticoside Attenuates Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Hippocampal CA1 Neuronal Ferroptosis via Activating BDNF/Nrf2/GPX4 Signaling Pathway.

Purpose: Ferroptosis, characterized by iron-dependent lipid reactive oxygen species accumulation, plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of depression. Our research aims to elucidate the potential antidepressant mechanisms of asiaticoside, a bioactive compound known for its neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties.

Methods: The antidepressant-like properties of asiaticoside in a model of chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced depression in mice, with a particular focus on its interaction with ferroptosis-related pathways.

Identification and characterization of the absorbed components and metabolites of Gandouling tablets in rats' plasma, liver, and urine by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS.

Gandouling (GDL), a famous proprietary Chinese medicine, has been utilized in China's clinics for decades to treat Wilson's disease. However, its metabolism in vivo needs to be clarified. In this study, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-tandem (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was employed to analyze the metabolic pathways of these critical components in the rat after identifying the prototypes and metabolites of GDL in the plasma, liver, and urine of both normal and copper-loaded rats.

A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study integrating genome-wide association studies, expression quantitative trait locus, and methylation quantitative trait locus data revealed causal relationship between heavy cigarette dependence and Barrett's esophagus.

Background: The association between smoking dependence and the risk of developing Barrett's esophagus remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether a causal relationship exists between smoking dependence and Barrett's esophagus, using Mendelian randomization analysis.

Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of smoking and Barrett's esophagus.

Identification and Characterization of Chemical Compounds in Compound Shougong Powder by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS Combined With Multiple Data Processing Techniques.

Compound Shougong Powder (CSP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation recognized for its efficacy in reducing swelling and relieving pain. It is primarily used clinically for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, research on the chemical compounds present in CSP remains limited.

NCOA4 linked to endothelial cell ferritinophagy and ferroptosis:a key regulator aggravate aortic endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular events, yet the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Our previous study found that Atherosclerotic endothelial injury is closely associated with ferroptosis in ApoE mice. Ferroptosis is a novel mode of cell death induced by decreased antioxidant capacity of the organism and accumulation of reactive oxygen species.

Bacterial diseases in Siniperca chuatsi: status and therapeutic strategies.

Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is a prominent freshwater species with significant economic value in China, while disease poses a major hindrance to the advancement of mandarin fish aquaculture. To date, the understanding of the prevention and management of bacterial disease in mandarin fish remains incomplete. Therefore, there is a need for more comprehensive insights into the preventive and curative strategies to address these bacterial infections.

Glutathione Attenuates Copper Levels and Alleviates Hepatic Injury in TX Mice.

Wilson's disease (WD) is an inherited disorder that is characterized by abnormal copper metabolism, and treatment of this condition in the clinic focuses on promoting copper ion excretion. Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide compound whose active group is a sulfhydryl group, which is involved in many important biochemical reactions. Thus, the antioxidant and integrative detoxification effects of GSH have attracted attention.

Co-occurring autism, ADHD, and gender dysphoria in children, adolescents, and young adults with eating disorders: an examination of pre- vs. post-COVID pandemic outbreak trends with real-time electronic health record data.

Background: Incidence rates of autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and gender dysphoria (GD) are rising not only in the general population, but particularly among children, adolescents, and young adults with eating disorders (EDs). While ED rates have risen during the COVID pandemic, trends in co-occurring autism, ADHD, and GD have yet to be investigated in detail or at scale by way of large electronic medical record data.

Objectives: To investigate trends in rates of co-occurring autism, ADHD, and GD among children, adolescents, and young adults with EDs in years prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Gandouling ameliorates liver injury in Wilson's disease through the inhibition of ferroptosis by regulating the HSF1/HSPB1 pathway.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death, plays a crucial role in the progression of liver injury in Wilson's disease (WD). Gandouling (GDL) has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for preventing and treating liver injury in WD. However, the precise mechanisms by which GDL mitigates ferroptosis in WD liver injury remain unclear.

A short-term functional recovery comparison of therapeutic plasma exchange and immunoadsorption in severe acute neuroimmune diseases.

Objective: To compare the differential impact of recombinant protein A immunoadsorption (PAIA) or therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) on neurological functional improvement and quality of life in patients afflicted with severe acute neuroimmune diseases, including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), myasthenia gravis (MG), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (NMDARE).

Methods: The retrospective study included 29 patients with moderate to severe disability (modified Rankin scale, mRS≥3) due to acute neuroimmune diseases at the second Xiangya hospital from January 2021 to January 2023. The clinical efficacy of PAIA and TPE in improving neurological function (ΔmRS≥1) and the difference in favorable functional outcomes (mRS 0-2) at three months were evaluated.

The Effects of and Combination on Diet-Induced Obesity and Gut Microbiota.

Obesity is a multifactorial chronic metabolic disease with multiple complications. (CP) and (WE) are traditional functional foods with improving metabolic health properties. This study demonstrated the effect of CP and WE combination on ameliorating obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD).