Harnessing community-based one health interventions implementation beyond Mpox outbreak management in Africa: insights and benefits.

Background: Little is documented on key community-based One Health (OH) approach implementation, pro-activeness and effectiveness of interactions and strategies against Mpox outbreak public health emergency in international concern (PHEIC) in various African countries in order to stamp out the persisting Mpox outbreak threat and burden. Prioritizing critical community-based interventions and lessons learned from previous COVID-19, Mpox, Ebola, COVID-19, Rift Valley Fever and Marburg virus outbreaks revealed critical shortcomings in funding, surveillance, and community engagement that plague public health initiatives across the continent. The article provides critical insights and benefits of community-based One Health approaches implementation against Mpox outbreak management in Africa.

The role of artificial intelligence in surgeon-performed ultrasonographic evaluation of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules.

Introduction: Evaluating indeterminate thyroid nodules(ITN) is challenging, especially without molecular tests. This study examines whether artificial intelligence (AI) assistance can improve ITN diagnostic accuracy and bridge expertise gaps in surgeon-performed ultrasound.

Methods: 134 ultrasound clips from 67 patients with ITN were reviewed by doctors of four levels: endocrine-surgery specialist, senior residents, junior residents, and medical student.

Genomic and morphological characterization of a novel iridovirus, bivalve iridovirus 1 (BiIV1), infecting the common cockle ().

High rates of mortality of the common cockle, , have occurred in the Wash Estuary, UK, since 2008. A previous study linked the mortalities to a novel genotype of , with a strong correlation between cockle moribundity and the presence of . Here, we characterize a novel iridovirus, identified by chance during metagenomic sequencing of a gradient purification of cells, with the presence also correlated to cockle moribundity.

Exploration of the social determinants of diarrhoea, rotavirus vaccine uptake, and vaccine 'fatigue' in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Malawi.

Diarrhoea due to rotavirus remains a significant cause of child mortality in developing regions. Caregivers' perspectives on the social determinants of gastroenteritis and childhood vaccination, including the rotavirus vaccine, were explored through focus group discussions in Ethiopia (n = 6), Kenya (n = 14), and Malawi (n = 10), using a combination of thematic and framework analysis approaches. The results show that diarrhoea was perceived to be a burden in all three countries, particularly among infants, due to challenges in WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) infrastructures and poverty.

Efficacy of hypertonic saline nasal irrigation in allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Saline nasal irrigation provides symptom relief in allergic rhinitis (AR), but the optimal saline concentration remains uncertain. The comparative efficacy of 3% hypertonic saline nasal irrigation (HSNI) versus 0.9% isotonic saline is still debated.

Effects of mothers' water, sanitation and hygiene habits on diarrhoea and malnutrition among children under 5 years in Nepal.

Introduction: Diarrhoea and malnutrition (stunting, wasting and underweight) are major public health problems in developing countries, including Nepal. Improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) may reduce the global disease burden by as much as 10.0%.

A Macroporous Cyclodextrin Monolith for Continuous Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Water.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are environmentally persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals that contaminate global drinking water resources. Their ubiquity and potential impact on human health motivate large-scale remediation. Conventional materials used to remove PFASs during drinking water production are functionally inefficient or energetically expensive, motivating the discovery of new materials and technologies.

Effects of Imidacloprid on Afrotropical Aquatic Ecosystems: A South African Microcosm Study.

Pesticides are widely used to meet the food demands of a growing population, with various types used to control pests depending on the crops grown. Rainfall, overspray, and runoff from agricultural fields can wash these insecticides into water bodies, posing documented environmental risks. Imidacloprid is commonly used in Afrotropical regions such as South Africa, yet limited information is available on its toxicity to aquatic ecosystems within this climate region.

Avian influenza spillover into poultry: environmental influences and biosecurity protections.

With the continued spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), understanding the complex dynamics of virus transfer at the wild - agriculture interface is paramount. Spillover events (i.e.

Exploring the association between multi-dimensional poverty and antibiotic resistance: findings from a mixed-methods study in Pakistan.

Background: Poverty is a potential contributor to antibiotic resistance; however, the previous studies have not adequately addressed the role of poverty in shaping antibiotic resistance through social inequalities. Considering this, the current study evaluated the role of multi-dimensional poverty in antibiotic resistance.

Methods: A mixed-method study was conducted in three provinces of Pakistan using multistage sampling to recruit physician-confirmed urinary tract infection (UTI) patients from public laboratories.

Water, sanitation, and hygiene challenges in last-mile artisanal mining communities in Ghana and Uganda.

Introduction: Access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) is critical for public health but remains inadequate in marginalized areas, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa's artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) communities. Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in these settings face unique challenges that impact their health and wellbeing.

Objective: This study aimed to assess WASH access among adolescent girls and young women (aged 10-24) in last-mile ASM communities in Ghana and Uganda, identifying disparities and factors influencing access.

Delivery-Graded Programmable Micelles Achieve Enhanced Tumor Starvation through Combined Glutamine Deprivation and Angiogenesis Inhibition.

The inhibition of dependent glutamine metabolism is an effective treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) starvation, but it is limited by compensatory glycolysis and inadequate delivery efficiency. Herein, we construct a pH-responsive size/charge-reprogrammed micelle with hierarchical delivery characteristics for TNBC suppression with glutamine depletion and vessel blockade. It consists of a positively charged prodrug micelle chemically grafted with the glutamine transport inhibitor V9302 as the inner core layer, the neovascular disruptor CA4P adsorbed in the middle layer, and a pH-responsive peelable polymer as the outer shell.

Direct Identification of O-Glycopeptides by Low-Temperature Assisted Nanopore Technique.

O-glycopeptides are highly expressed in various human cancers and play a key role in cancer progression and metastasis, making them promising biomarkers for early diagnostics. However, the inherent complexity and heterogeneity of glycans pose a major challenge for the simultaneous and precise analysis of multiple glycopeptides. Here, we developed a low-temperature nanopore technique capable of simultaneously discriminating 4 truncated O-glycopeptides with varied glycoforms.

Proteogenomic Analysis Identifies Clinically Relevant Subgroups of Collecting Duct Carcinoma.

Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is a rare but aggressive form of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that has limited understanding and an undefined systemic therapeutic regimen. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive proteogenomic analysis of CDC tumors and normal adjacent tissues to elucidate the biology of the disease. CDC exhibited high heterogeneity in tumor mutational burden, and enhanced ribosome biogenesis was the most striking malignant feature of CDC, even compared with other common kidney carcinomas.

Focusing on Microenvironmental Disturbance to Potentiate Reparative Ability of Neural Stem Cell After Stroke.

Ischemic stroke (IS), a common neurological disease, lacks satisfactory treatments worldwide. Neural stem cell (NSC) therapy is a promising strategy for stroke, while microenvironmental disturbance, including but not limited to acidosis, oxidative stress, and excessive neuroinflammation, restricts the therapeutic potential of endogenous and exogenous NSC post-IS. The present study introduces the effect of common disturbance on NSC and the underlying mechanism to screen out feasible methods aiming to potentiate the reparative capacity of NSC following IS.

Multiomics approach to evaluating personalized biomarkers of allergen immunotherapy.

Recent advancements in genomics and "omic" technologies have ushered in a transformative era referred to as personalized or precision medicine. This innovative approach considers the unique genetic profiles of individuals, along with a range of variability factors, to devise tailored disease treatments and prevention strategies that cater to the distinct needs of each patient. Although the terms personalized medicine and precision medicine are frequently utilized interchangeably, it is essential to delineate the subtle distinctions between them.

Fabrication of ZIF/SiO hybrid particles to prepare cotton-based antibacterial and anti-biofilm composites with high durability.

As living standards continue to rise, the demand for advanced cotton textiles that fulfill enhanced functional requirements has grown significantly. Therefore, the development of multifunctional antibacterial/hydrophobic cotton fabrics holds considerable practical value. In this study, a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) based hybrid material, ZIF/SiO-LDS (Long-chain derivative of silane), was synthesized via a co-precipitation method using silica, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550), 2-methylimidazole and hexadecyltrimethylsilane (HDTMS).

Child exposure to animal feces and zoonotic pathogens in northwest Ecuador: A mixed-methods study.

In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), close cohabitation with animals and limited access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure increase the risk of zoonotic enteric pathogen transmission to young children. This mixed-methods study combined (A) microbiological analysis of 120 animal fecal samples, and (B) go-along, semi-structured interviews with 35 mothers of children under two years across urban, intermediate, and rural communities in Ecuador to investigate: (Q1) What zoonotic enteric pathogens are present in animal feces and at what concentrations? (Q2) How are children exposed to animals and their feces? and (Q3) Which animals may serve as key sources of child? Microbiological analysis revealed high prevalence and concentrations of zoonotic pathogens, most commonly aEPEC (57%), sp. (36%), and STEC (25%), with frequent co-infections (33%) and concentrations (4.

E-SegNet: E-Shaped Structure Networks for Accurate 2D and 3D Medical Image Segmentation.

U-structure has become a foundational approach in medical image segmentation, consistently demonstrating strong performance across various segmentation tasks. Most current models are based on this framework, customizing encoder-decoder components to achieve higher accuracy across various segmentation challenges. However, this often comes at the cost of increased parameter counts, which inevitably limit their practicality in real-world applications.

Understanding the variation in salivary fluoride levels: A secondary trajectory-based analysis of trial data.

This report presents the findings of a secondary analysis of the data from an RCT designed to compare salivary fluoride levels during 3 weeks of using 5000 or 1450-ppm fluoride toothpaste (n = 24/group). Following this trial phase, salivary fluoride monitoring continued for 2 weeks during which all 48 participants used 1450-ppm fluoride toothpaste in a wash-out phase. We investigated the temporal variability and longitudinal growth-based trajectories of salivary fluoride levels across study arms.

High-Specificity and Sensitivity Imaging of Neutral Lipids Using Salt-Enhanced MALDI TIMS.

Neutral lipids are vital to various cellular processes and disease pathologies. However, their characterization by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) remains challenging due to poor ionization efficiency and difficulties distinguishing subtle structural differences among numerous isomeric and isobaric species. In this study, we enhanced neutral lipid detection by incorporating isotonic metal-cation washes into our MALDI IMS sample preparation workflow.

Ligustilide Suppresses Macrophage-Mediated Intestinal Inflammation and Restores Gut Barrier via EGR1-ADAM17-TNF-α Pathway in Colitis Mice.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic nonspecific intestinal inflammatory disease, which usually occurs in the rectal and colonic mucosa and submucosa. Ligustilide, a major component derived from (Oliv.) Diels, exerts anti-inflammation effect.

Parietal rTMS Induced Changes in Cortical Excitability in Patients With Minimally Conscious State Using TMS-EEG.

Objective: To verify the effectiveness of the parietal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and take advantage of TMS-EEG to assess cortical excitability in patients with minimally conscious states (MCS).

Methods: We enrolled 10 MCS patients who received 10 sessions of 10 Hz rTMS on the parietal cortex for 10 consecutive days and then 10 days of sham stimulation after a 14-day wash-out period. The Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) and TMS-EEG were used to assess the levels of consciousness and cortical excitability before and after active and sham stimulation, respectively.

Towards blood on demand: Rapid post-thaw isolation of red blood cells from multicomponent cryoprotectants.

Severe blood loss due to trauma, anaemia, or chemotherapy necessitates immediate red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. The short shelf-life of RBCs at 4 °C complicates emergency supply management. Glycerol is the state-of-the-art cryopreservative for RBCs but the time from thawing to transfusion is more than 1 hour, due to the slow, extensive washing process.

3D Genome Engineering: Current Advances and Therapeutic Opportunities in Human Diseases.

Dynamic chromatin 3-dimensional (3D) conformation is a key mechanism regulating gene expression and cellular function during development and disease. Elucidating the structure, functional dynamics, and spatiotemporal organization of the 3D genome requires integrating multiple experimental approaches, including chromatin conformation capture techniques, precise genome manipulation tools, and advanced imaging technologies. Notably, CRISPR/Cas systems have emerged as a revolutionary genome-editing platform, offering unprecedented opportunities for manipulating 3D genome organization and investigating disease mechanisms.