The role of artificial intelligence in surgeon-performed ultrasonographic evaluation of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules.

Introduction: Evaluating indeterminate thyroid nodules(ITN) is challenging, especially without molecular tests. This study examines whether artificial intelligence (AI) assistance can improve ITN diagnostic accuracy and bridge expertise gaps in surgeon-performed ultrasound.

Methods: 134 ultrasound clips from 67 patients with ITN were reviewed by doctors of four levels: endocrine-surgery specialist, senior residents, junior residents, and medical student.

Comparing the Health-Related Quality of Life at Two Years After Successful Treatment of Relapsed Graves' Disease With Radiofrequency Ablation, Surgery, or Radioiodine.

Objectives: Conventional definitive treatments of relapsed Graves' disease (GD) include surgery and radioiodine therapy (RAI). Recently, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has emerged as a potential novel treatment option. This study compared the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) at 2 years after treatment of relapsed GD with RFA, surgery, and RAI.

A spatially resolved transcriptome landscape during thyroid cancer progression.

Tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling plays a pivotal role in thyroid cancer progression, yet its spatial dynamics remain unclear. In this study, we integrate spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing to map the TME architecture across para-tumor thyroid (PT) tissue, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), locally advanced PTC (LPTC), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). Our integrative analysis reveals extensive molecular and cellular heterogeneity during thyroid cancer progression, enabling the identification of three distinct thyrocyte meta-clusters, including TGIYG subpopulation in PT, HLA-DRB1HLA-DRA subpopulation in early cancerous stages, and APOEAPOC1 subpopulation in late-stage progression.

High Rates of Unnecessary Surgery for Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules in the Absence of Molecular Test and the Cost-Effectiveness of Utilizing Molecular Test in an Asian Population: A Decision Analysis.

Cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules (Bethesda class III or IV) carry a 10-40% risk of malignancy. Diagnostic lobectomies are frequently performed but negative surgeries incur unnecessary costs on the healthcare system, potential complications, and negative impacts on quality of life. Molecular tests (MTs) have been developed to reduce unnecessary surgeries.

Early second radiofrequency ablation treatment gave rise to significantly greater nodule shrinkage at 12 months than single-session treatment for large-volume benign thyroid nodules.

Introduction: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective nonsurgical treatment for symptomatic benign thyroid nodules. Large-volume nodules (≥20-mL) often require 2 or more radiofrequency ablation sessions to achieve desirable shrinkage but the optimal interval between sessions remains unknown. We hypothesized that early (within 6 months) retreatment could improve nodule shrinkage.

Efficacy of single-session radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in rendering euthyroidism for persistent/relapsed Graves' disease, a pilot study.

Objectives: Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Antithyroid drug (ATD) is often the first-line treatment but  > 50% patients suffer a relapse when ATD is discontinued. Surgery or radioiodine remains the current options of definitive treatment in these patients.

A prospective follow-up of thyroid volume and thyroiditis features on ultrasonography among survivors of predominantly mild to moderate COVID-19.

Background: We previously showed that higher SARS-CoV-2 viral load correlated with smaller thyroid volumes among COVID-19 survivors at 2 months after acute COVID-19. Our current follow-up study evaluated the evolution of thyroid volumes and thyroiditis features within the same group of patients 6 months later.

Methods: Adult COVID-19 survivors who underwent thyroid ultrasonography 2 months after infection (USG1) were recruited for follow-up USG 6 months later (USG2).