A traditional Cameroonian spice, Syzygium guineense curtails leukemia tumor growth through G2-M cell cycle arrest and predicted NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Background: S. guineense DC. var.

Targeting the intra-erythrocytic life cycle of Plasmodium falciparum unveils antimalarial drug discovery starting points from Drymaria cordata and Macaranga monandra.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Drymaria cordata and Macaranga monandra are two medicinal plants traditionally used in Cameroon to treat malaria, but their scientific validation remains unclear.

Aim Of The Study: To validate the antiplasmodial action of extracts and fractions derived from Drymaria cordata and Macaranga monandra.

Materials And Methods: Aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, and hydroethanolic extracts of D.

Anti-onchocerca activity, toxicity and induced biochemical changes of and stem bark methanolic extracts in mice.

Human onchocerciasis has devastating pathological effects and the control relies on community directed treatment with ivermectin. However, ivermectin is only microfilaricidal and threatened by potential resistance in the parasite among other limitations. and , with reported antiparasitic activity, were tested for anti-onchocerca activity and toxicity.

Optimizing MDA and antimalarial treatment in the presence of drug resistance for effective malaria control.

Antimalarial drugs are critical for controlling malaria, but the emergence of drug resistance poses a significant challenge to global eradication efforts. This study explores strategies to minimize resistance prevalence and improve malaria control, particularly through the use of mass drug administration (MDA) in combination with antimalarial drugs. We develop a compartmental mathematical model that incorporates asymptomatic, paucisymptomatic, and clinical states of infection and evaluates the impact of resistance mutations on transmission dynamics.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Mycotoxins Exposure and Effect on Brain Development in Infants and Young Children.

This comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify relevant studies on mycotoxins and brain development in children. Existing studies suggest that mycotoxin exposure during critical periods of brain development may lead to neurocognitive impairments in children. Some studies have reported associations between mycotoxin exposure and reduced cognitive abilities, impaired motor skills, and behavioral problems.

Feasibility and clinical and implementation effectiveness of an adapted early warning signs and symptoms intervention for the early detection of childhood cancer in Cameroon and Kenya: protocol for a quasi-experimental, hybrid type 2 implementation effectiveness study.

Introduction: Childhood cancer accounts for a significant proportion of global childhood mortality, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Unlike many adult malignancies, primary prevention of childhood cancers is not possible. Improving survival requires a two-pronged strategy: earlier diagnosis and effective treatment.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among West African populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Several studies have examined HPV prevalence in West Africa, but comprehensive regional estimates remain unavailable. This study estimates the overall prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV in West African populations.

Trends and determinants of unfavourable outcomes in paediatric tuberculosis: insights from a 20-year cohort in Cameroon.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in resource-limited settings. Despite progress in TB care, unfavourable treatment outcome persists, highlighting the need to identify determinants and address gaps in paediatric TB management. This study aimed to assess treatment outcomes and identify determinants of unfavourable outcomes in children treated for TB at a referral centre in Cameroon.

Genetic polymorphism of circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum isolates in children in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.

Background: The first WHO-approved malaria vaccines (RTS, S/AS01, and R21/Matrix M) target part of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP), displays a degree of polymorphism that may raise concerns about vaccine efficacy. As a prelude to vaccine implementation, the study here reports investigation on Pfcsp gene polymorphisms in isolates from Congolese individuals in the Republic of Congo.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from 202 children infected with P.

Trends in the seroprevalence of hepatitis C viruses among patients received at the Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, with an indication of anti-HCV Ac serology from 2019 to 2024.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in resource-limited countries. Hepatitis C is a major cause of cirrhosis, liver cancer, and death. This study aimed to determine trends in the seroprevalence of hepatitis C among patients at the Centre Pasteur du Cameroun with anti-HCV antibody serology from 2019 to 2024.

Declines of ebony and ivory are inextricably linked in an African rainforest.

Critically endangered African forest elephants preferentially eat fruits and disperse seeds of carbon-dense trees, including the highly valued and threatened African ebony. The illegal ivory trade has led to severe declines in elephant populations, but the long-term impacts on tree species are poorly understood. Using a comprehensive dataset including age-class, spatial, genetic, and experimental data, across a hunting pressure gradient, we show how paired declines in elephant and ebony populations are linked by a previously unrecognized mutualism in which elephant dung protects ebony seeds against seed predators.

A novel intron variant is associated with emerging pfdhps mutant haplotypes in West and Central African Plasmodium falciparum.

Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plays a key role in Plasmodium falciparum chemoprevention across Africa, yet the protective efficacy of SP is undermined by mutations conferring resistance in the genes encoding dihydrofolate reductase (pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (pfdhps). The emergence and spread of the pfdhps 431V mutation suggests that this may confer resistance and be selected by drug use. Here, we report a non-coding mutation a548383t, which expands a di-nucleotide repeat in the first intron of pfpppk-dhps.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Granulomatous Colitis: A Case Report and Literature Review of a Vanishing Colonic Mass Mimicking Malignancy.

This case report describes a rare occurrence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)-induced focal colonic granulomatous mass mimicking a malignant colonic mass. It highlights the diagnostic challenges of NSAID-related gastrointestinal complications and stresses the importance of considering such causes in similar presentations. Prompt recognition and withdrawal of the offending NSAID can prevent unnecessary surgical intervention and facilitate symptom resolution.

Discontinuation of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors before non-cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: The best management approach for renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitor use before surgery is controversial. Some studies have suggested that continuation could increase the risk of clinically significant peri-operative hypotension and, thus, organ injury. By contrast, others believe that withholding them significantly increases the risk of severe hypertension and heart failure.

Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility of early-onset neonatal bacterial infection in a neonatal unit in Cameroon.

Background: Neonatal infection is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. According to the World Health Organisation, about 2.3 million newborns die every year, with infection being the main cause.

Computation drug design for ACE inhibitor for high blood pressure management and assessment of pharmacokinetics and toxicity of promising compounds isolated from Gymnema sylvestre.

This study employs computational drug design approaches to identify and optimize ACE inhibitors from G. sylvestre's isolated compounds, assessing their pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles. The receptor (PDB: 1o86) was retrieved from RCSB, prepared, and analyzed for active binding sites.

A low-cost house eave screening technique complements insecticide-treated nets in reducing indoor human exposure to the bites of anopheles mosquitoes in a malaria endemic area of south forested Cameroon: results from a pilot study.

Currents insecticide-based vector control strategies are struggling to reduce malaria transmission. This pilot study investigated the potential of a low-cost eave screening technique to reduce human exposure to malaria vectors in a forested area of Cameroon. The pre-intervention phase consisted of collecting baseline data on malaria epidemiology including the human malaria prevalence, vector biology and the bio-efficacy of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs).

High intensity and frequency modulations based on infinite pulse trains and ultrashort pulses in a modified semiconductor laser system.

We report on high intensity and frequency modulations (IM-FM) through various infinite pulse trains derived from the dynamics of a modified rate equations laser system endowed with an additional control parameter (γ), wherein a direct modulation of the injection current is performed. Analytical and numerical investigations showcase the significant impact of the additional control parameter on the enhancement of the relaxation frequency and a resizing of the modulation bandwidth through a full control of the modulation peak. In this way, linear stability of the new modulated laser system is carried out around the steady-state solutions by using the small-signal analysis method, wherefrom we demonstrate that the stability of equilibria can be governed by γ-variations.

Speciation and bioavailability of potentially toxic element in soils and sediments of mining areas in Meiganga Adamawa plateau (Cameroon).

Contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a major environmental concern, especially in mining sites, given the often-increasing concentrations in soil and sediments. Under certain conditions, such contamination may expand beyond the mining area, posing risks to human health. This study investigates the environmental hazard associated with PTEs in soils and river sediments from the Meiganga gold district by evaluating their speciation and mobility.

Developing biobanking processes for Alzheimer's disease and related dementia research in Africa: Experience from the Recruitment and Retention for Alzheimer's Disease Diversity in the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (READD-ADSP).

The Recruitment and Retention for Alzheimer's Disease Diversity in the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (READD-ADSP) aims to recruit 5000 African participants (Alzheimer's disease [AD] and cognitively unimpaired controls) to generate genomic and biomarker data to better characterize AD neurobiology in Africa from countries that constitute the African Dementia Consortium (AfDC). Blood samples from study participants are separated into fractions and transported to the African Coordinating Centre (ACC: Ibadan, Nigeria), where DNA extraction and long-term biospecimen storage are carried out. Plasma and DNA aliquots are shipped to the John P.

Global Disparities in Access and Utilization of Dialysis - Africa, the Disadvantaged Continent.

As the burden of CKD continues to increase globally, there remains huge disparities in CKD management and access to treatment in Africa. This review highlights disparities in access and utilization of dialysis in Africa, comparing this with other regions as well as global median values. In-centre hemodialysis is available in all countries in Africa; however, there are significant gaps in its access and utilization across countries.

Isolation and Characterization of Lignin from Sapele (): Application in Flexible Polyurethane Foam Production.

Lignin used in this work was isolated from sapele () wood through a hybrid pulping process using soda/ethanol as pulping liquor and denoted soda-oxyethylated lignin (SOL). SOL was mixed with a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-glycerol mixture (80/20 /) as liquefying solvent with 98% wt. sulfur acid as catalyst, and the mixture was taken to boil at 140 °C for 2, 2.

Molecular surveillance of hepatitis E virus in wastewater in Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen mainly transmitted through contaminated food or water in sub-Saharan countries, highlighting the need for environmental surveillance. This study aimed to assess the burden and molecular characterization of HEV in environmental wastewater.

Method: A community-based surveillance was conducted in Yaoundé, Cameroon, using untreated wastewater samples collected monthly from January to December 2023 from hospitals, residential sewage systems, markets, and plant watering points.

Comparison of two polymerase chain reaction assays, DaAn Gene (DaAn Gene 2019-ncov) and Cepheid (Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2) for Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 detection in Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Background: New severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants may affect diagnostic test accuracy.

Aim: To evaluate the performance of two reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, DaAn Gene and Cepheid, for detecting Delta and Omicron variants.

Setting: Nasopharyngeal samples were collected in Yaoundé, Cameroon, between October 2021 and December 2022.

Combining Plant Bioactives With Antibiotics for Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity Against Uropathogenic spp. and Cytotoxicity Evaluation.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most important causes of morbidity and healthcare spending. Combination therapy is the treatment of choice for biofilm-associated infections due to the simultaneous action of two drugs on two separate cellular targets and their safety. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the combination of some bioactive natural products with conventional antibiotics against the biofilm of uropathogenic spp.