A low-cost house eave screening technique complements insecticide-treated nets in reducing indoor human exposure to the bites of anopheles mosquitoes in a malaria endemic area of south forested Cameroon: results from a pilot study.

Currents insecticide-based vector control strategies are struggling to reduce malaria transmission. This pilot study investigated the potential of a low-cost eave screening technique to reduce human exposure to malaria vectors in a forested area of Cameroon. The pre-intervention phase consisted of collecting baseline data on malaria epidemiology including the human malaria prevalence, vector biology and the bio-efficacy of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs).

Trends in insecticide resistance in natural populations of Culex quinquefasciatus and its impact on mosquito fitness in Dschang, West Cameroon.

Specific information about the dispersion of Culex quinquefasciatus from Dschang in western Cameroon is scarce, and evidence-based interventions are needed. Common use of larvicides and adulticides conduct to the development of vectors resistance which can lead to deep biological changes, including fitness costs. We assessed the profile of insecticide resistance in field populations of Cx.

Tsetse Flies Infected with Trypanosomes in Three Active Human African Trypanosomiasis Foci of the Republic of Congo.

Introduction: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected tropical disease still endemic in the Republic of Congo. Despite the continuous detection of HAT cases in the country, there is still not enough data on trypanosome infections in tsetse flies, trypanosome species and tsetse flies' species distribution in endemic foci. The present study was intended to fill this gap and improve understanding of trypanosome circulation in three active foci in the centre and south of Congo.

Performance of the SD Bioline rapid diagnostic test as a good alternative to the detection of human African trypanosomiasis in Cameroon.

Background: Case detection is essential for the management of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), which is caused by i gambiense. Prior to parasitological confirmation, routine screening using the card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT) is essential. Recently, individual rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for the serodiagnosis of HAT have been developed.

Spatial and temporal development of deltamethrin resistance in malaria vectors of the Anopheles gambiae complex from North Cameroon.

The effectiveness of insecticide-based malaria vector control interventions in Africa is threatened by the spread and intensification of pyrethroid resistance in targeted mosquito populations. The present study aimed at investigating the temporal and spatial dynamics of deltamethrin resistance in An. gambiae s.

Isolation and characterization of a temperature-sensitive lethal strain of Anopheles arabiensis for SIT-based application.

Background: Malaria is still a global health problem and vector control is the cornerstone of disease control strategies using indoor residual insecticide spraying (IRS) and insecticide-treated nets. The situation is becoming acute with widespread resistance to the limited arsenal of available insecticide classes. Therefore, new and innovative tools to reduce Plasmodium transmission are in need and this situation raised considerable interest in using sterile insect technique (SIT) against human pest insects, particularly Anopheles malaria vectors.

Implications of insecticide resistance for malaria vector control with long-lasting insecticidal nets: a WHO-coordinated, prospective, international, observational cohort study.

Background: Scale-up of insecticide-based interventions has averted more than 500 million malaria cases since 2000. Increasing insecticide resistance could herald a rebound in disease and mortality. We aimed to investigate whether insecticide resistance was associated with loss of effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets and increased malaria disease burden.

Design of a study to determine the impact of insecticide resistance on malaria vector control: a multi-country investigation.

Background: Progress in reducing the malaria disease burden through the substantial scale up of insecticide-based vector control in recent years could be reversed by the widespread emergence of insecticide resistance. The impact of insecticide resistance on the protective effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets (ITN) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) is not known. A multi-country study was undertaken in Sudan, Kenya, India, Cameroon and Benin to quantify the potential loss of epidemiological effectiveness of ITNs and IRS due to decreased susceptibility of malaria vectors to insecticides.

Distribution of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes and malaria-attributable fraction of fever episodes along an altitudinal transect in Western Cameroon.

Background: Highland areas are hypoendemic zones of malaria and are therefore prone to epidemics, due to lack of protective immunity. So far, Cameroon has not succeeded in implementing a convenient and effective method to detect, prevent and forecast malaria epidemic in these peculiar zones. This monitoring and evaluation study aims to assess the operational feasibility of using the human malaria infectious reservoir (HMIR) and the malaria-attributable fraction of fever episodes (MAFE) as indicators, in designing a malaria epidemic early warning system (MEWS).