Functional Thoracic MRI: Recent Advances in Pulmonary Assessment.

Functional thoracic MRI provides regional assessment of the three principal components of lung function: ventilation, perfusion, and gas exchange. It offers advantages over pulmonary function tests like spirometry, which yield only global measurements. MRI enables comprehensive evaluation of respiratory mechanics, including chest wall and diaphragm motion, dynamic large airway instability, and lung ventilation using various contrast mechanisms and gas agents.

Transition of headache care from childhood to adulthood: Focusing needs, barriers, and models of care. A position paper of the IHS Child and Adolescent Committee.

Headache disorders are among the most common neurological conditions in children and adolescents, often continuing into adulthood and causing substantial personal and societal burdens. Yet, the transition from childhood to adult headache care remains under-addressed, with critical clinical practice, policy, and research gaps. This narrative review synthesizes existing evidence and expert perspectives to highlight the urgent need for structured, developmentally appropriate transition models in headache care.

Trend breaks in life expectancy in the United States over 120 years and potential sources of future gains.

Research indicates a significant slowdown in life expectancy growth in the United States (US) post 2010, marking a departure from the consistent progress in longevity throughout the twentieth century. We extend this understanding, tracing the deceleration of US life expectancy back to the 1950s, after which average decadal change dropped from 3.80 to 1.

The 130 to 375 GHz Rotational Spectroscopy of --()-1-Cyano-1,3-butadiene (CHN): Analysis of the Lowest-Energy Vibrationally Excited Dyad (ν and ν).

The rotational spectra and analysis of the two lowest-energy vibrationally excited states, ν (A', 126 cm, MP2) and ν (A″, 133 cm, MP2), of -1-cyano-1,3-butadiene from 130 to 375 GHz is presented. The state symmetries allow and type Coriolis coupling, the effects of which are observed due to the close energy spacing of these states. A combined total of 6744 transitions were modeled (σ < 60 kHz) with a partial-octic two-state A-reduced Hamiltonian including eight coupling parameters (, , , , , , , and ).

X-ray multimeter performance under calibration laboratory conditions.

Background: Estimating dose delivered to patients for a typical mammographic or radiologic examination requires accurate knowledge of several beam quantities. X-ray multimeters (XMMs) are compact, solid-state semiconductor dosimeters that have become common for conventional QA measurements due to their ease of use.

Purpose: In this investigation, the performance of two XMMs in low-energy x-ray calibration beams was assessed, and the stability of the manufacturer's calibration over time was evaluated.

Get4/5-Mediated Remodeling of Get3's Substrate Binding Chamber: Insights into Tail-Anchored Protein Targeting by the GET Pathway.

The Guided Entry of Tail-Anchored Proteins (GET) pathway ensures accurate targeting of Tail-Anchored proteins (TAs) - a diverse class of membrane proteins - to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. In yeast, newly synthesized TAs are captured by Sgt2 and transferred to Get3 for delivery to the ER, where they undergo subsequent membrane insertion. Efficient and protected handoff of hydrophobic TAs from Sgt2 to Get3 is facilitated by the Get4/5 complex, which is thought to act as a scaffold to position TA-bound Sgt2 and Get3 in proximity while trapping Get3 in an ATP-bound conformation necessary for TA binding.

Optimizing tissue clearing methods for improved imaging of whole-mount retinas and optic nerves.

Background: Gene and cell therapies hold promise for restoring vision in hereditary and advanced optic neuropathies. Accurate evaluation of these therapies requires advanced imaging methods that can visualize transplanted cells within intact retinal tissue.

New Method: We present a whole-mount tissue-clearing workflow optimized for the mouse retina and optic nerve to improve visualization of donor neuron integration following cell transplantation.

Rare variants in PRKCI cause Van der Woude syndrome and other features of peridermopathy.

Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by lower lip pits and orofacial clefts (OFCs). With a prevalence of ∼1 in 35,000 live births, it is the most common form of syndromic clefting. Most VWS is attributed to variants in IRF6 (∼70%) or GRHL3 (∼5%), leaving up to 25% of individuals without a molecular diagnosis.

Virtual radiotherapy plan quality education: Perspectives from a global setting.

Purpose: Evaluation of treatment plan quality is a critical element of training for radiotherapy professionals. With the increased adoption of intensity modulated radiotherapy internationally, this training is crucial to address patient care inequity. We aim to evaluate learning outcomes from a 14-session remote training course targeting critical elements of plan quality with advanced modalities.

The Central Role of Gut Microbes in Host Purine Homeostasis.

Purines are ubiquitous metabolites that play evolutionarily conserved roles, including as precursors to molecules central to life. Purine synthesis is metabolically and energetically expensive; thus, under physiological conditions, intermediates of purine degradation are efficiently reused through salvage pathways. Excess purines are oxidized and eliminated via the kidneys and intestine.

COSINE-100 full dataset challenges the annual modulation signal of DAMA/LIBRA.

For over 25 years, the DAMA/LIBRA collaboration has claimed to observe an annual modulation signal, suggesting the existence of dark matter interactions. However, no experiment using different target materials has observed a dark matter signal consistent with their result. To address this puzzle, the COSINE-100 collaboration conducted a model-independent test using sodium iodide crystal detectors, the same target material as DAMA/LIBRA.

Forecasting Dengue: Evaluating the Role of Hydroclimate Information in Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction.

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease rapidly creating a significant global public health burden, particularly in urban areas of tropical and sub-tropical countries. Hydroclimatic variables, particularly local temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and large-scale climate teleconnections, can influence the prevalence of dengue by impacting vector population development, viral replication, and human-mosquito interactions. Leveraging predictions of these variables at lead times of weeks to months can facilitate early warning system preparatory actions such as allocating funding, acquisition and preparation of medical supplies, or implementation of vector control strategies.

Adolescents' social media posting, social support, and the moderating role of tech attitudes and self-esteem: a 2-year longitudinal study.

Introduction: This study investigates the reciprocal relationship between adolescents' social media posting behaviors and perceived social support over a 2-year period.

Methods: Using a longitudinal design and observational data on posting frequency, we examined whether posting predict perceived social support from close friends and classmates and whether increased social support, in turn, predicts more frequent posting. We also explored the moderating roles of individual differences in self-esteem and attitudes toward technology.

Using Explainable AI to Characterize Features in the Mirai Mammographic Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Model.

Purpose To evaluate whether features extracted by Mirai can be aligned with mammographic observations, and contribute meaningfully to the prediction. Materials and Methods This retrospective study examined the correlation of 512 Mirai features with mammographic observations in terms of receptive field and anatomic location. A total of 29,374 screening examinations with mammograms (10,415 women, mean age at examination 60 [SD: 11] years) from the EMBED Dataset (2013-2020) were used to evaluate feature importance using a feature-centric explainable AI pipeline.

Unraveling Enhanced Superconductivity in Single-Layer FeSe through Substrate Surface Terminations.

Single-layer FeSe on SrTiO(001) substrates shows a superconducting transition temperature much higher than that of bulk FeSe, which has been attributed to factors such as electron doping, interfacial electron-phonon coupling, and electron correlations. To pinpoint the primary driver, we grew single-layer FeSe films on SrTiO(001) substrates with coexisting TiO and SrO surface terminations. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy revealed a larger superconducting gap (17.

Estimating the preclinical Alzheimer's disease course with multimodal data.

Introduction: In observational studies of preclinical AD, an arbitrary "baseline" can obscure where an individual is located along a theoretical continuum. Optimizing longitudinal trajectories can distill multiple, non-linearly distributed observations into a single metric and inform where an individual may be along the disease course.

Methods: We developed a cognitive time (c-time) metric based on longitudinal cognitive data (mean = 7.

18-Crown-6-ether Utilizes Distinct Allosteric Interactions to Uncouple Transport by the Multidrug Efflux Pump EmrE.

The recent discovery that the model multidrug efflux pump from , EmrE, can perform multiple types of transport suggests that this may be a compelling target for therapeutic intervention. Initial studies have identified several small-molecule substrates capable of inducing transporter-dependent susceptibility rather than the well-known antibiotic resistance phenotype. However, many questions regarding the underlying mechanism and regulation of this transporter still remain.

Quantitative Mechanics of the Bladder During Voiding Using MRI.

Purpose: Uro-Dynamic MRI was used to non-invasively quantify bladder biomechanics, characterizing the fundamental relationship between bladder wall surface area and bladder volume during voiding.

Methods: Differential Subsampling with Cartesian Ordering MRI sequence was used to acquire multiple volumetric bladder images during the voiding in five normal male subjects. Images were imported into MIMICS.

Parental Incarceration, Attachment to Caregivers, and Young Children's Physiological Stress.

Parental incarceration can be stressful for children, leading to less optimal development. Although parental incarceration typically takes place among other adversities, resilience processes occur in many families, for example, in instances of secure child-caregiver attachment relationships. Yet, it is not known how secure attachments are associated with stress processes in children with incarcerated parents, especially in the context of other risks.

Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation-derived postbiotic on methane production and plasma metabolome of fattening Holstein steers fed a high grain diet.

This study assessed the effects of feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation-derived postbiotic (SCFP) on methane production and plasma metabolome of Holstein steers on a finishing diet. Twelve Holstein steers (n = 6 per treatment) were enrolled in a randomized complete block design and blocked into 3 groups based on their initial body weight (BW: 294 ± 12.7 kg).

CLDN10-driven lineage decision in an amnion and primordial germ cell progenitor at the amnion-epiblast boundary in primates.

Background: A growing body of evidence from primate embryos as well as in vitro systems supports the notion that amnion and primordial germ cell (PGC) lineage progressing cells share a common precursor.

Results: To gain comprehensive transcriptomic insights into this critical but poorly understood precursor and its progeny, we examine the evolving transcriptome of a developing human pluripotent stem cell-derived model of amnion and PGC formation at the single cell level. This analysis reveals several continuous amniotic fate progressing states with state-specific markers.

The Indo-European Cognate Relationships dataset.

The Indo-European Cognate Relationships (IE-CoR) dataset is an open-access relational dataset showing how related, inherited words ('cognates') pattern across 160 languages of the Indo-European family. IE-CoR is intended as a benchmark dataset for computational research into the evolution of the Indo-European languages. It is structured around 170 reference meanings in core lexicon, and contains 25731 lexeme entries, analysed into 4981 cognate sets.

Understanding the link between adolescent depression and precarious employment in adulthood: evidence from a sibling fixed effects analysis.

Background: Adolescent depressive symptoms may mark the beginning of long-term trajectories of socioeconomic disadvantage, yet their role in shaping labor market outcomes remains understudied. This study investigates the longitudinal association between depressive symptoms in adolescence and precarious employment in adulthood and explores the mediating roles of persistent depressive symptoms and educational attainment.

Methods: Using a sample of 3,703 individuals from full sibling pairs in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we employed sibling fixed effects models to control for unobserved family-level confounding.