Fuzzy controller-driven pattern search optimization for a DC-DC boost converter to enhance photovoltaic MPPT performance.

This article demonstrates maximum power point tracking (MPPT) using a DC-DC boost converter. It introduces an intelligent control technique with fuzzy-based pattern search (PS) optimization for the MPPT controller, enhancing energy conversion efficiency. The fuzzy-PS approach is further refined with PA optimization.

Synthesis, in vivo analgesic activity, molecular docking and density functional theory analysis of acyl hydrazide derivatives of mefenamic acid.

This study explores the synthesis of new acyl hydrazide derivatives of mefenamic acid as potent analgesics with enhanced safety profiles. Thirteen compounds were synthesized via hydrazide intermediate functionalization and characterized spectroscopically (H/C NMR, and HRESI-MS). In vivo evaluation (acetic acid writhing, formalin paw licking, and tail immersion tests) revealed significant peripheral and central analgesic activity, with compounds 5 (N'-(4-chlorobenzoyl)) and 11 (N'-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)) outperforming mefenamic acid (81.

Preliminary Detection of Bats-associated Influenza A virus from Pakistan.

The emergence of zoonotic infections in humans is intensifying the need for awareness of the viruses circulating in animals that can cross the species barrier. Among these are the group of influenza viruses causing seasonal outbreaks and epidemics in humans and animals. As compared to the familiar human and avian influenza viruses, bat influenza viruses are relatively unknown.

Plastome structure, evolution and diversity of Frankincense-producing Boswellia genus.

The genus Boswellia is famous for its commercially important frankincense production. Additionally, it has unique ecological and taxonomic importance. However, the Boswellia species often face natural hybridization, and the lack of genomic datasets frequently contributes to taxonomic uncertainties.

A review on microbe-mineral transformations and their impact on plant growth.

Mineral-microbe interaction is a driving environmental changes, regulating the biogeochemical cycling of elements, and contributing to the formation of ore deposits. Microorganisms are fundamental to mineral transformation processes, exerting a profound influence on biogeochemical cycles and the bioavailability of critical nutrients required for plant growth. In this review, we delve into the various mechanisms by which microbes facilitate mineral dissolution, precipitation, and transformation, with a particular focus on how these processes regulate the availability of both macronutrients and micronutrients in soils.

Impact of various surfactants on the properties of fucoidan-based biopolymer films extracted from brown seaweed (Padina boergesenii) for active food packaging.

This study investigates the effect of various surfactants, such as Lecithin, Span 80, and Tween 80, on the physicochemical properties of biopolymer films fabricated from fucoidan extracted from brown seaweed and gelatin. The fucoidan was extracted from brown seaweed (Padina boergesenii) using a modified formalin and ethanol precipitation method to obtain a sulfated polysaccharide and combined with gelatin to make composite films by casting method. Surfactants were introduced to enhance oil (juniper berry oil) dispersion and modify the film's characteristics.

A quality-by-design optimized LC method for navigating degradation kinetics and quantification of favipiravir in the presence of degradation products and manufacturing impurities.

Emergent viruses require effective treatment regimens, and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 variants are still evolving. Favipiravir has emerged as an effective antiviral medication, especially after its popularity against COVID-2019. Despite its growing popularity, favipiravir has not yet been included in any pharmacopeia, and new dosage forms are being developed to improve its bioavailability for various infections.

Structural and computational analysis of monkeypox virus methyltransferase: dynamic inhibition mechanisms and their implications for antiviral design.

Monkeypox (Mpox), an emerging global health threat, necessitates the development of effective antiviral agents. In our study, we selected the Mpox virus methyltransferase VP39 (MTase) protein due to its role in viral replication and immune evasion. The MTase protein is essential in Mpox and is associated with similar replication mechanisms in other viruses like COVID-19, making it a broad-spectrum target for antiviral therapy.

Ex-ante determinants of IPOs: A dataset for the Malaysian IPOs.

This article introduces a comprehensive dataset for investigating the ex-ante determinants of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) first-day initial returns, investor demand, and the information gap experienced by investors for listed firms on Bursa Malaysia over the period 2004-2021. The final sample comprises 350 IPOs priced using the fixed-price method, which were hand-collected from multiple sources. The data in this dataset plays an important role in providing insightful decision-making tips for prospective investors operating in an environment characterized by high information asymmetry.

The soil microbiome enhances sesame growth and oil composition, and soil nutrients under saline conditions.

Soil salinity is a significant abiotic stress that restricts plant growth and agricultural productivity. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offer an eco-friendly and sustainable strategy to mitigate the detrimental effects of salinity by enhancing nutrient availability and promoting plant development. In this study, twelve halophilic bacterial isolates were obtained from saline soils of coastal regions in India and screened for PGPR traits, including siderophore production, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia production, exopolysaccharide (EPS), cellulase activity, and phosphate solubilization.

Discovery of Furan-tethered Triazolothiadiazoles and Triazolothiadiazines as Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Skin Diseases: Insights from Kinetics Data and Computational Modeling.

Introduction: Tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme, is responsible for melanin production, and its overactivity can lead to hyperpigmentation.

Methods: This study aimed to evaluate triazolothiadiazoles (3a-h, 4a-f) and triazolothiadiazines (5a-h) against human and mushroom tyrosinase isozymes.

Results: Several derivatives, such as 3a-3b, 3d, 4c-4f, 5d, and 5e, were identified as potent and selective inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase, with IC50 values ranging from 1.

Extracellular vesicles derived from MSCs carrying dexamethasone alleviate inflammatory damage in septic mice.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition resulting from an uncontrol immune response to infection. Current treatment options remain limited and often ineffective, highlighting the need for supportive anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory strategies. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be a good supportive candidate because of their immunomodulatory and drug-delivery properties.

Identifying potent natural inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protein using multiple computational and molecular approaches.

The NS3 protein of hepatitis C virus is an appealing target for therapeutic research because of its notable role in hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication and immune evasion. We employed a comprehensive interdisciplinary strategy to discover new inhibitors of the NS3 protein, targeting all major HCV genotypes (1a-6a) and mutant strains, using a combination of a structural-based drug design approach with in vitro and molecular studies. Initially, 14 potential binders were identified from our in-house database of approximately 950 compounds via docking-based screening.

Genome Characterisation of Priestia megaterium mj1212 and Its Synergistic Effect With N-Acetylglucosamine in Enhancing Soybean Salt Stress Tolerance.

As a sustainable alternative to inorganic fertilisers, the combined application of plant-growth promoting microbes and organic amendments offers an efficient biological approach to enhance plant growth under stress conditions. In this study, we present the complete genome sequence and functional annotation of the soil bacterial strain Priestia megaterium mj1212 (formerly classified as Bacillus megaterium), supporting its recent taxonomic reclassification and revealing its potential for secondary metabolites production, plant growth promotion, and adoption to environmental stresses. Our results showed that the combined application of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and mj1212 exhibited a synergistic effect, significantly increasing the length and weight of soybean shoots and roots by up to 24.

Algae-driven bioelectrochemical systems: Recent advances, applications, and prospects.

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are sustainable biotechnologies that have garnered global interest in recent decades. Since their inception, these systems have evolved through various configurations and modifications to enhance performance, prominently featuring microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Researchers are addressing the scaling challenges of MFCs with studies on algae-assisted MFCs (algae-MFCs), which simultaneously generate bioelectricity and treat wastewater cost-effectively.

Antibiotic Use Among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Infection (SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant) in Oman: A Single-center Retrospective Study.

Objectives: To identify and evaluate the prescribing pattern of antibiotics among hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2, Omicron variant in Oman, focusing on the prevalence of antibiotic use, rates of simultaneous infection, and potential overuse.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from the electronic medical records of patients with COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant who were hospitalized at the Royal Hospital, Muscat, during December 2021-February 2022. Information on demographic and clinical details (including existing infections and comorbidities), hospital stays, and outcomes were collected.

High-performance PVC/polyacrylate-graphene oxide membranes for Pb (II) and Hg (II) ion removal from polluted water: synthesis, characterization, and adsorption studies.

Heavy metals cause significant harm to both flora and fauna. Hence, it is mandatory to efficaciously eliminate them from drinking water preceding their release into the ecosystem. Herein, we first prepared Na-polyacrylate (PA) powder from sim-sim balls and graphene oxide (GO) using sugar cane bagasse as an adsorptive material.

Topological modeling and QSPR based prediction of physicochemical properties of bioactive polyphenols.

Molecular graph theory provides a powerful mathematical framework for representing chemical structures, where atoms and bonds are modeled as vertices and edges of a graph. Topological indices, derived from these graphs, serve as numerical descriptors capturing the structural features of molecules. These indices are widely applied in Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) analysis to predict the physicochemical behavior of chemical compounds.

CaF nanoparticles deliver siRNA targeting STAT6 and PPAR- to depolarise tumour-associated macrophages.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women, partly due to challenges posed by constituents of the tumour-microenvironment, such as tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). Polarisation of macrophages to a pro-tumour phenotype usually involves STAT6 and PPAR- pathways. In this study, CaF nanoparticles were developed and bound to siRNA to inhibit the expression of STAT6 and PPAR- in an in vitro model of TAMs.

pH-responsive chitosan-alginate hydrogel beads: for enhanced bioavailability and controlled release of omeprazole.

Objective: To develop a pH-responsive drug delivery using chitosan-alginate hydrogel beads for enhanced therapeutic efficacy of omeprazole.

Significance: The developed system offers improved drug entrapment, release profiles, and enhanced bioavailability for omeprazole compared to commercial formulation.

Methods: pH-responsive chitosan-alginate hydrogel beads were prepared using a modified ionotropic gelation technique.

Medicinal plants: nutritional, immunological and therapeutic role in treating cancer-related malnutrition: a comprehensive review.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, following microbial infection, with an estimated 16 million deaths projected by 2040. However, natural resources can potentially treat up to 60% of cancer cases. Various cancers, including those affecting the breast, prostate, stomach, colon, lung, liver, kidney, bone, skin, and blood, have strong dietary connections regarding their occurrence and prevention.

Design and synthesis of novel quinoline-piperazines fused to a phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide scaffold as promising α-glucosidase inhibitors with anti-diabetic potential.

Aims: This study focused on the design, synthesis, and dual evaluation of novel quinoline-benzoylhydrazine derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitor for the management of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials & Methods: A series of quinoline-benzoylhydrazine compounds were synthesized and evaluated as α-glucosidase inhibitors. The most active compound was subjected to the kinetic study plus molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the mechanism of inhibition and stability.