Exploration of zileuton protective mechanisms against vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity.

Vancomycin is one of the most commonly used parenteral antibiotics for treating drug-resistant bacterial infections, however, it is hindered by nephrotoxicity. We previously demonstrated that zileuton could delay the onset of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity in rats. Here, we sought to understand the mechanism(s) of zileuton renal protection.

Identifying bio-behavioural signatures of persistent opioid use risk in trauma injury patients: a protocol for a prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Exposure to prescription opioids following traumatic injury can increase the risk of developing tolerance, persistent opioid use and opioid use disorder. The mechanisms underlying opioid tolerance or dependence are not well understood, and no biomarkers predict risk. Opioid exposure causes epigenetic modifications, including alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression.

Use of RFID technology in coronavirus emergency operations management.

In 2020, emergency operations resources in the United States began responding to the presence of coronavirus disease 2019 and its variants. Mitigation efforts to control the spread of the coronavirus by these organizations included vaccination, increased sanitation, social distancing, and physical barriers such as masks and shields. Due to the nature of the coronavirus and emergency operations requirements, these approaches have proven not be 100 percent effective in fully meeting those needs.

A process optimization and release modeling of coaxial electrospun aligned core-shell poly (ethylene oxide-poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide)) nanofibers encapsulating nerve growth factor.

Recent advances in neural regeneration have demonstrated the importance of incorporating proteins into polymeric capsules to provide both topographical and biochemical cues to cells. Coaxial electrospinning has emerged as a versatile technique for embedding delicate bioactive agents within core-shell nanofibers, enabling controlled and sustained drug release. In this study, we employed a design-of-experiment approach to systematically investigate how controllable parameters in coaxial electrospinning influence the diameter and size distribution of aligned poly (ethylene oxide-poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanofibers loaded with nerve growth factor (NGF).

Antidepressants and Lung Toxicity: A Narrative Review.

Pulmonary toxicity is a serious yet frequently under-recognized complication of antidepressant therapy. With the continued rise in prescriptions, awareness of potential respiratory adverse effects is crucial. This review outlines documented cases of lung injury linked to various antidepressant classes, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), atypical antidepressants, serotonin modulators, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).

Identification of Neuritin 1 as a local metabolic regulator of brown adipose tissue.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a key role in metabolic homeostasis through its thermogenic effects and the secretion of regulatory molecules. Here we report that RAP250 haploinsufficiency stimulates BAT in mice, thus contributing to a decrease in fat accumulation. Local in vivo AAV-mediated RAP250 silencing in BAT reduces body weight and fat mass and enhances glucose oxidation, thereby indicating that RAP250 participates in the regulation of BAT metabolic activity.

Lewy body dementia promotion by air pollutants.

Evidence links air pollution to dementia, yet its role in Lewy body dementia (LBD) remains unclear. In this work, we showed in a cohort of 56.5 million individuals across the United States that fine particulate matter (PM) exposure raises LBD risk.

Observation of the Charge Density Wave Excitonic Order Parameter in Topological Insulator Monolayer WTe.

Strong electron-hole interactions in a semimetal or narrow-gap semiconductor may drive a ground state of condensed excitons. Monolayer WTe has been proposed as a host material for such an exciton condensate, but the order parameter─the key signature of a macroscopic quantum-coherent condensate─has not been observed. Here, we use Fourier-transform scanning tunneling spectroscopy (FT-STS) to study quasiparticle interference (QPI) and periodic modulations of the local density of states (LDOS) in monolayer WTe.

Poly-liquid behaviors of self-associating fluids and mesoscopic aggregation in liquid solutions.

In conflict with standard notions of thermodynamics, mesoscopically sized inclusions ("clusters") of a solute-rich liquid have been observed in equilibrated solutions of proteins and other molecules. According to a complexation scenario proposed earlier, a steady-state ensemble of finite-sized droplets of a metastable solute-rich liquid can emerge in a solution, if the solute molecules can form transient complexes with each other and/or solute. Here, we solve for the thermodynamics of an explicit model of a self-associating fluid in which particles can form transient dimers.

Exact spectral function of one-dimensional Bose gases.

Exactly solved models provide rigorous understanding of many-body phenomena in strongly correlated systems. In this article, we report a breakthrough in uncovering universal many-body correlated properties of the quantum integrable Lieb-Liniger model. We exactly calculate the dynamical correlation functions by computing the form factors through a newly developed method, by which we are capable of calculating all possible 'relative excitations' over the ground state or a finite temperature state to high precision.

Development of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Mimetic Materials.

Growth factors play a crucial role in regulating cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Their activities are tightly modulated to ensure proper physiological functioning, with dysregulation often contributing to disease pathogenesis. Among these, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system that encompasses IGF-1 and IGF-receptor binding proteins is pivotal in maintaining overall cellular health by regulating growth, repair, and metabolic regulation.

Antibacterial activity and mechanistic insights of gallium-based nanoparticles: an emerging frontier in metal-based antimicrobials.

The global rise of antimicrobial resistance has intensified the search for novel therapeutic agents that act through non-conventional mechanisms. Gallium-based nanoparticles (GaNPs) represent a promising yet underexplored class of metal-based antimicrobials. Owing to their unique ability to mimic iron(iii), GaNPs disrupt key bacterial metabolic processes, particularly those dependent on iron acquisition and utilization.

Association of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed as a potential prognostic marker for mortality outcomes in various conditions, yet its association with chronic hemodialysis (HD) remains underexplored. We aim to study its utility by conducting a meta-analysis of this specific population.

Aim: To determine whether elevated NLR is associated with all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM) in patients undergoing chronic HD.

How Do Patient Outcomes in Mechanical Thrombectomy for Large-Core Stroke Vary Based on Neuroimaging Modalities Used for Patient Selection? A Multicenter Multinational Study.

The role of different imaging modalities-non-contrast CT (NCCT), CT perfusion (CTP), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-in selecting patients with large-core stroke for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a subject of ongoing debate. This study aims to determine whether patients with large-core acute ischemic stroke (AIS) undergoing EVT triaged with CTP or DWI in addition to NCCT had different clinical outcomes compared to those only triaged with NCCT. We queried the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR) for patients enrolled between 2014 and 2023 who presented with anterior-circulation AIS and large ischemic core (ASPECTS < 6) who underwent EVT in 41 stroke centers in the USA, Europe, Asia, and South America.

The association between anxiety sensitivity and eating expectancies in Hispanic emerging adult college students.

Hispanic emerging adult college students experience increased exposure to psychological distress associated with emerging adulthood and sociocultural pressures, which increases the risk for developing maladaptive eating cognitions and behaviors. Eating expectancies have been implicated as a maladaptive eating cognition associated with unhealthy eating, and there is a need to examine affective vulnerability processes that may drive such cognitions among this health-vulnerable population. One factor that has demonstrated relations to maladaptive eating expectancies is anxiety sensitivity.

Prevalence of multiple sclerosis and disease-modifying therapy use in older adults in the United States, 2011-2021.

Background: With advances in disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are living longer.

Objective: This study examined MS prevalence and DMT use among older adults 65 years and above in the United States.

Methods: The study analyzed 2011-2021 Medicare fee-for-service claims data.

Transcutaneous spinal stimulation paired with visual feedback facilitates retention of improved weight transfer toward the affected side in people post-stroke.

Background: Many individuals with hemiparesis after stroke are reluctant to transfer their body weight toward the affected side and rely more heavily on the unaffected leg while walking. Although visual feedback (VF) has been utilized to improve their weight transfer during walking, the effects of transcutaneous spinal stimulation (TSS) paired with VF during locomotor training in people post-stroke remain largely unexplored. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine whether phasic TSS paired with VF regarding weight shifting to the affected leg during treadmill walking would enhance weight transfer toward the affected side.

Progress in the development of an ultrafast pulsed ponderomotive phase plate for cryo-electron tomography.

Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is a powerful modality for resolving cellular structures in their native state. While single-particle cryo-electron microscopy excels in determining protein structures purified from recombinant or endogenous sources due to an abundance of particles, weak contrast issues are accentuated in cryo-ET by low copy numbers in crowded cellular milieux. Continuous laser phase plates offer improved contrast in cryo-ET; however, their implementation demands exceptionally high-peak optical intensities.

A Review of Hypervolemic Hemodilution in Pediatric Neuroanesthesiology.

Hypervolemic hemodilution (HVH) is a blood-sparing technique increasingly used in pediatric neuroanesthesiology, particularly during high-risk procedures such as craniosynostosis repair. By expanding intravascular volume with crystalloids or colloids before surgery, HVH dilutes red blood cell concentration, thereby reducing their loss due to bleeding, while maintaining cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamic stability. This approach is especially valuable in pediatric patients, who are more susceptible to transfusion-related complications due to their limited blood volume and immature immune systems.

From Bedside to Classroom: An Autoethnography of the Mentoring Experiences of BIPOC Nurse Faculty from Transition to Tenure and Promotion.

Black and South Asian nurse faculty transitioning from clinical practice to academia face persistent barriers, including racialized exclusion, institutional neglect, and unclear tenure and promotion expectations. Despite the importance of mentorship, many report insufficient formal support, turning instead to external networks and self-advocacy to navigate academic life. This autoethnographic study explores the mentoring experiences of Black and South Asian nurse faculty in U.

Let's Talk About Sex: An Acceptable, Appropriate and Feasible Online Sexual Health Educational Video Series for Breast Cancer Patients.

Purpose: Sexual health-related side effects during breast cancer treatment are common and distressing but not always expected by patients. We created an online sexual health educational video series to increase patients' awareness of these issues. In this exploratory study, we aimed to evaluate the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of the video series among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients.

Sex Differences in Opioid Misuse among Adults with Chronic Lower Back Pain: The Roles of Negative Affect and Related Transdiagnostic Factors.

Background: The opioid epidemic is a significant public health concern, particularly among adults with chronic pain. Although sex differences in opioid-related behaviors have been observed, little work has examined the role of negative affect and related variables in greater opioid misuse severity risk among men.

Methods: We tested whether, among 206 (72.