A new local time-decoupled squared Wasserstein-2 method for training stochastic neural networks to reconstruct uncertain parameters in dynamical systems.

In this work, we propose and analyze a new local time-decoupled squared Wasserstein-2 method for reconstructing the distribution of unknown parameters in dynamical systems from a finite number of observed temporal trajectories. Specifically, we show that a stochastic neural network model, which can be effectively trained by minimizing our proposed local time-decoupled squared Wasserstein-2 loss function, is an effective model for approximating the distribution of uncertain model parameters in dynamical systems. Through several numerical examples, we showcase the effectiveness of our proposed method in reconstructing the distribution of parameters in different dynamical systems.

Advancing fall risk prediction in older adults with cognitive frailty: A machine learning approach using 2-year clinical data.

Falls are a critical concern in older adults with cognitive frailty (CF). However, previous studies have not fully examined whether machine learning models can predict falls in older individuals with CF. The 2-year longitudinal data set from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study and machine learning approach were utilized to predict fall risk.

Photocyclization of Alkenes and Arenes: Penetrating Through Aromatic Armor with the Help of Excited State Antiaromaticity.

This review focuses on photocyclization reactions involving alkenes and arenes. Photochemistry opens up synthetic opportunities difficult for thermal methods, using light as a versatile tool to convert stable ground-state molecules into their reactive excited counterparts. This difference can be particularly striking for aromatic molecules, which, according to Baird's rule, transform from highly stable entities into their antiaromatic "evil twins".

School psychology practicum and internship: Exploring Asian and Asian American students' experience.

The underrepresentation and unique challenges of Asian and Asian American graduate students in school psychology remain an underexplored area in the literature. This study explores the practicum and internship experiences of Asian and Asian American graduate students in school psychology, focusing on their unique challenges, protective factors, and recommendations for improvement. Using qualitative methods guided by AsianCrit theory, interviews with 15 participants revealed pervasive racialized experiences, including microaggressions, stereotypes, and discrimination, which negatively impacted their confidence, well-being, and performance.

Influential Factors on Participation in Mental Health Research:Directing Future Research Methods.

Research on pediatric mental health treatment outcomes require continued participant engagement typically involving the caregivers; however, these studies report high rates of attrition. To increase participant retention, an understanding of participants' experiences that influence their participation is necessary. The current study employed qualitative methods to understand the reasons behind participation of parents enrolling in pediatric longitudinal mental health research targeting their child's mental health.

Cancer-induced nerve injury promotes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy.

Perineural invasion (PNI) is a well-established factor of poor prognosis in multiple cancer types, yet its mechanism remains unclear. Here we provide clinical and mechanistic insights into the role of PNI and cancer-induced nerve injury (CINI) in resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy. Our study demonstrates that PNI and CINI of tumour-associated nerves are associated with poor response to anti-PD-1 therapy among patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and gastric cancer.

Factors Influencing Learners' Knowledge and Implementation of Value-Based Care Concepts Postcourse Certification.

Providing value-based care (VBC) training to relevant stakeholders promotes broader adoption of VBC principles, which in turn can drive improvements in care coordination, patient outcomes, and cost efficiency across the health system. This study assessed the impact of VBC training on learners' self-reported knowledge and examined how learner characteristics influenced the implementation of VBC principles in professional practice post-training. A 12-week, open online VBC course with 6 modules was developed collaboratively by an academic institution and industry partners.

Medical Social Workers in Hospitals: Burnout and Secondary Trauma During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

COVID-19 presented numerous challenges to medical professional's mental, emotional, and physical health, including burnout and secondary trauma. As social workers served as essential and frontline workers during COVID-19, it is important to investigate the effects of the pandemic on professional burnout and secondary trauma responses. A multiracial sample of 163 medical social workers working across four hospital settings responded to a survey addressing burnout and the impact of COVID-19.

Development and Initial Validation of a Measure of Parental Racial/Ethnic Discrimination in Pediatric Healthcare.

Aim: The aim of this study was to create a tool capable of measuring parents' experiences of discrimination when obtaining healthcare for their children, capturing their parental identities and perceptions of discrimination in the healthcare setting.

Background: Discrimination experiences, including racial, ethnic, and healthcare discrimination, have negative health effects across the lifespan. Parents have an essential role in pediatric healthcare, which is distinct from the role of other caregivers in pediatric and non-pediatric healthcare settings.

Cost-effectiveness of durvalumab with or without olaparib as a first-line treatment for dMMR type of advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer.

Background: In the phase III DUO-E trial, durvalumab with or without olaparib significantly increased survival outcomes compared to chemotherapy alone among patients with endometrial cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of durvalumab in patients with advanced/recurrent dMMR endometrial cancer.

Research Design And Methods: A Markov model was used to compare the cost-effectiveness of durvalumab with or without olaparib compared to chemotherapy alone in the treatment of advanced/recurrent dMMR endometrial cancer, using the data from phase III DUO-E trial.

A Neural Network Approach to Comparing AMPD and Object Relations Theory for Personality Disorder Assessment.

While prior research has explored the relationship between Object Relations Theory (ORT) and the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD), comprehensive comparisons across diverse clinical populations and methodologies remain limited. This study investigated the predictive accuracy of AMPD and ORT in identifying personality psychopathology using neural network models within a mixed sample of 639 participants (229 non-clinical undergraduates, 410 psychiatric inpatients). Data were collected using Persian translations of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Self-Report (LPFS-SR), the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) (AMPD measures), and the Structured Interview of Personality Organization-Revised (STIPO-R) (ORT measure).

VO: The Vaccine Ontology.

With the widespread use of vaccines in research and clinical settings, there is an urgent need to standardize vaccine representation, integrate information across diverse vaccine types, and support computer-assisted reasoning. Accordingly, we have since 2007 developed the community-based Vaccine Ontology (VO), which aligns with the Basic Formal Ontology and adheres to OBO Foundry principles. VO models ontologically vaccines, vaccine components, vaccine immune responses, vaccine investigation studies and other vaccine-related topics.

Genetic analysis in African ancestry populations reveals genetic contributors to lung cancer susceptibility.

Striking disparities in lung cancer exist, with Black/African American individuals disproportionately affected by lung cancer, yet the genetic architecture in African ancestry individuals is poorly understood. We aimed to address this by performing a comprehensive genetic association study of lung cancer, incorporating local ancestry, across 6,490 African ancestry individuals (2,390 individuals with lung cancer and 4,100 control subjects). We identified a single genome-wide significant (p < 5 × 10) locus, 15q25.

AI-assisted grading and personalized feedback in large political science classes: Results from randomized controlled trials.

Grading and providing personalized feedback on short-answer questions is time consuming. Professional incentives often push instructors to rely on multiple-choice assessments instead, reducing opportunities for students to develop critical thinking skills. Using large-language-model (LLM) assistance, we augment the productivity of instructors grading short-answer questions in large classes.

Late Metal Sandwich Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization.

ConspectusPolyolefins are by far the most ubiquitous industrially produced polymers and are primarily produced by early transition metal catalysts. These catalysts are not functional group tolerant, and copolymerization of ethylene and polar vinyl monomers is quite challenging. Furthermore, early metal catalysts convert ethylene to linear polyethylene, and introduction of branches requires addition of comonomers.

The glycosyltransferase POGLUT1 regulates muscle stem cell development and maintenance in mice.

Mutations in protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) cause a recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMDR21) with reduced satellite cell number and NOTCH1 signaling in adult patient muscles and impaired myogenic capacity of patient-derived muscle progenitors. However, the in vivo roles of POGLUT1 in the development, function, and maintenance of satellite cells are not well understood. Here, we show that conditional deletion of mouse Poglut1 in myogenic progenitors leads to early lethality, postnatal muscle growth defects, reduced Pax7 expression, abnormality in muscle extracellular matrix, and impaired muscle repair.

Cardiovascular Health During Menopause Transition: The Role of Traditional and Nontraditional Risk Factors.

Perimenopause, or menopause transition (MT), is a critical life stage that encompasses significant physiological, emotional, and psychosocial changes that impact women's cardiovascular health and quality of life. The decline in estrogen during MT induces adverse metabolic changes that increase the risk of dyslipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance, atherogenesis, and poor downstream outcomes such as diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and other adverse changes. Concurrently, stress plays an important role in shaping overall cardiovascular well-being during MT and long-term heart health post-menopause.

Mid-infrared hyperspectral microscopy with broadband 1-GHz dual frequency combs.

Mid-infrared microscopy is an important tool for biological analyses, allowing a direct probe of molecular bonds in their low energy landscape. In addition to the label-free extraction of spectroscopic information, the application of broadband sources can provide a third dimension of chemical specificity. However, to enable widespread deployment, mid-infrared microscopy platforms need to be compact and robust while offering high speed, broad bandwidth, and high signal-to-noise ratio.

Experimental and reactive transport modeling study of direct lithium extraction From brines with Li/Al-layered double hydroxides.

The global demand for lithium (Li) has surged in the past decade due to the rapid adoption of Li-ion batteries, particularly in the electrification of transportation. Approximately 70 % of the world's Li is sourced from natural brines, which also contain high concentrations of competing cations such as sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), posing significant challenges for selective Li recovery. This study explores the selective extraction of Li from synthetic brines using Li/aluminum (Al)-layered double hydroxides (Li/Al-LDH), addressing a critical gap in the literature.

Alpha-synuclein abundance and localization are regulated by the RNA-binding protein PUMILIO1.

The protein α-synuclein, encoded by SNCA, accumulates in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies for reasons that remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether SNCA is regulated in vivo by the RNA-binding protein PUM1. We establish that PUM1 binds to SNCA's 3' UTR in mouse and human cells.

Superionic Surface Li-Ion Transport in Carbonaceous Materials.

Unlike Li-ion transport in the bulk of carbonaceous materials, little is known about Li-ion diffusion on their surface. In this study, we have discovered an ultrafast Li-ion transport phenomenon on the surface of carbonaceous materials with limited reversible Li insertion capacity and high surface area. An ionic conductivity of 18.

Mobile Brain-Body Imaging and Visual Data of Theatrical Actors During Rehearsal and Performance.

This longitudinal Mobile Brain-Body Imaging dataset was acquired during six rehearsal sessions and three public performances of a scene from a play with highly emotional components. Three student actor dyads (N=6), one theatre director (N=1) and three audience members (N=3) participated in this study. The MoBI data recorded includes mobile electroencephalography, electrooculography, blood volume pulse, heart rate, body temperature, electrodermal activity, triaxial arm and head acceleration.

Elevated Adverse Outcomes in Black Pediatric Burn Patients.

Pediatric burn patients suffer from various adverse outcomes following burn injuries. Recently, disparities affecting African American pediatric burn patients within U.S.

Factors That Motivate Provider Switching: The Patients' Perspective.

Objective: To generate evidence regarding the specific critical incidents that prompt patients to switch care providers.

Study Setting And Design: Building on existing work on customer switching behavior, we applied the critical incident technique (CIT) to the health services research context and analyzed primary data obtained from 555 US-based patients who reported switching providers between 2018 and 2022 to develop a typology of the critical incidents that prompt patients to switch healthcare providers.

Data Sources And Analytic Sample: Data were obtained from an online survey of adult US-based patients who reported switching primary care providers (PCPs) for non-insurance-related reasons.

Quantifying ocular microaberration using a high-resolution Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor.

To quantify high-spatial-frequency wavefront errors caused by microaberration, we developed a high-resolution (20 µm) Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS). This system was designed using a small lenslet array (100 µm) and a large CMOS sensor (24.6 × 32.