Do trajectories of self- and interpersonal functioning identify a core underlying developmental pathway for personality pathology in late adolescence and early adulthood?

The Alternative Model for Personality Disorders is a dimensional model of personality disorder that describes difficulties in self- and interpersonal functioning as the common core of personality disorder and its hypothesized developmental pathway. However, empirical evidence in support of this developmental pathway is lacking, and the unique developmental relevance of self- and interpersonal functioning for the emergence of personality pathology independent from internalizing and externalizing psychopathology remains unknown. The aim of this preregistered study (which can be found in the additional online materials at https://osf.

A Neural Network Approach to Comparing AMPD and Object Relations Theory for Personality Disorder Assessment.

While prior research has explored the relationship between Object Relations Theory (ORT) and the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD), comprehensive comparisons across diverse clinical populations and methodologies remain limited. This study investigated the predictive accuracy of AMPD and ORT in identifying personality psychopathology using neural network models within a mixed sample of 639 participants (229 non-clinical undergraduates, 410 psychiatric inpatients). Data were collected using Persian translations of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Self-Report (LPFS-SR), the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) (AMPD measures), and the Structured Interview of Personality Organization-Revised (STIPO-R) (ORT measure).

Mentalization-based therapy for personality disorder in adolescents.

Purpose Of Review: Mentalization-based therapy for adolescents (MBT-A) is a treatment approach that aligns well with dimensional models of personality disorders. This article reviews recent literature on mentalizing and MBT, proposing ways in which findings may inform future research and clinical innovations.

Recent Findings: There have been few new treatment studies and meta-analyses, and the evidence generally does not support the superiority of MBT-A over other well structured treatments for personality disorder in adolescents.

Revisiting the structure of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, Section II personality disorder criteria using individual participant data meta-analysis.

The factor structure of personality disorder (PD) criteria has long been debated, but due to previous heterogeneous findings, a common structure to represent covariation among the fourth edition Section II PD criteria remains an open question. This study integrated individual participant data from 25 samples ( = 30,545) to conduct factor analyses of PD criteria. Measurement invariance tests across gender, clinical status, and assessment method indicated substantial structural differences between interview-based and self-report measures.

Hypermentalizing: the development and validation of a self-report measure.

Introduction: Hypermentalizing (referred to as excessive theory of mind or biased mindreading) is defined as the tendency to make assumptions about other people's mental states that go beyond observable data. Despite recent interest in this construct, no self-report measure of hypermentalizing exists. The aim of the current study was to fully operationalize the construct of hypermentalizing by developing a theoretically grounded (attachment-based) self-report measure of hypermentalizing assessing mentalizing related to parents, peers and intimate partners; and evaluate the new measure for its psychometric properties.

Mentalization-Based Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: State-Of-The-Science and Future Directions.

Introduction: Mentalization-based therapy (MBT) is an evidence-based treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) and the second most studied psychotherapeutic intervention for this disorder. Despite its growing prominence, there is a lack of focused reviews summarizing the evidence base from randomized clinical trials (RCTs). This review aims to address this gap and highlight directions for future research.

Sleep Disturbances in Female Adolescents With Borderline Personality Disorder: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study.

Sleep disturbances are commonly reported in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and are often worsened by comorbid mental health disorders such as ADHD, PTSD, and depression. Sleep problems may contribute to the persistence of symptoms, highlighting the importance of early identification and treatment of sleep disturbances as part of early intervention strategies. Despite this, the prevalence and predictors of persistent sleep problems in the early course of BPD remain understudied, particularly in longitudinal designs.

Naïve Observers' Perceptions of Hospitalized and Community Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms.

Adolescent depression significantly impacts long-term functioning and well-being, often going undetected and untreated, highlighting the need for innovative detection methods. This study examined whether unfamiliar, naïve observers could detect depressive symptoms in adolescents, relying solely on behavioral residue (language transcribed from a clinical interview). Identifying whether naïve observers, untrained in detecting psychological symptoms, can utilize verbal output to accurately detect depressive symptoms yields scientific insight that could be expanded upon to support prevention efforts.

Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0: Factor Structure and Clinical Cutoffs.

The Alternative Model for Personality Disorders identifies the level of personality functioning (LPF) as the entry criterion for personality disorder. The Level of Personality Functioning-Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.

Testing measurement invariance of self-report and interview measures of borderline personality disorder across ethnic/racial groups of inpatient adolescents.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental disorder that onsets during adolescence. Research examining sociocontextual differences in BPD presentation is limited and provides mixed results, highlighting the importance of further investigation and the evaluation of potential measure effects. This study assessed measurement invariance of two widely used adolescent measures (self-report-the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children and semistructured interview-Childhood Interview of Borderline Personality Disorder) of BPD.

Emotion Dysregulation and Parent Emotion Socialization in Mothers with Borderline Pathology.

Background: Mothers with borderline personality disorder face unique challenges in parenting, as borderline symptoms have been shown to negatively affect parent-child relationships. These challenges can lead to non-supportive reactions to children's negative emotions, a form of parent emotion socialization (PES) that has been linked to negative outcomes in children. Given the inherent emotional arousal evoked by parenting, emotion dysregulation likely influences the type of PES parents utilize.

Clinicians' Assessment of Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD): A Network Analysis Approach on DSM-5-TR Criteria and Domains.

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is a personality disorder that entails significant impairments and/or costs at the individual, interpersonal, and community levels. Given its clinical relevance, scientific research is placing a significant focus on the study of the central characteristics of this condition to guide prevention and clinical practice. Within this framework, the present study aimed to investigate the associations and centrality of ASPD criteria and maladaptive trait domains in mental health professionals' conceptualization of the disorder, thus taking into account both categorical and dimensional approaches to personality pathology.

The Relationship Between Personality Inventory for DSM (PID-5) Domains and Disruptive Behavior Disorders.

Introduction: Previous research has demonstrated a strong relationship between personality and psychopathology. However, the relationship between the traits listed in the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) and Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD) in adolescents has not been examined in detail. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) domains and DBD symptoms in an adolescent inpatient sample.

Altered Social Processing as a Potential Mechanism of BPD Risk in Girls with ADHD: A Call for Multi-Method Developmental Research.

Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms prospectively predict the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms in adolescence and adulthood; adult women with BPD, in particular, often retrospectively report childhood ADHD symptoms. However, little is known about specific developmental pathways and mechanisms that contribute to this sequential comorbidity. Herein we outline a call for multi-method developmental research examining altered social processing as a potential mechanism underlying risk for BPD in girls with ADHD.

The incremental validity of level of personality functioning over borderline personality features in associations with early adolescent social reward processing.

More work is needed to establish the validity of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Acceptance of the AMPD as the primary model of personality disorder requires identifying neurocognitive validators of AMPD-defined personality functioning and demonstrating superiority of the AMPD over the traditional categorical model of personality disorder. It is also important to establish the utility of the AMPD in a developmental context given evidence that personality disorder emerges in adolescence.

The Spanish version of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale - Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.0): Psychometric evaluation in adolescents who have suffered from parental abuse and neglect and a community sample.

Given shifts to dimensional models of personality pathology and a growing consensus that personality disorder (PD) often onsets during adolescence, there is a need for validated measures of PD in adolescents. Level of Personality Functioning (LPF) is particularly relevant for the identification of emerging personality dysfunction in adolescents given its ability to capture developmental discontinuity as metacognitive capacities in self- and interpersonal-functioning emerge. However, no studies as of yet have validated a measure of LPF in a sample of Spanish-speaking adolescents.

First psychometric evaluation of the Mexican Spanish version of the 11-item BPFSC-11 and convergence with maladaptive self and interpersonal functioning.

Background: The Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children (BPFSC-11) is a well-used, short, and easy-to-administer measure of borderline traits in young people. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Mexican Spanish version of the BPFSC-11 in a large community-based sample of Mexican adolescents. In addition, we evaluated the convergence between the borderline construct as measured by the BPFSC-11 and general personality functioning consistent with more contemporary personality disorder formulations to assess the nomological net of the BPFSC-11 total score.

Mentalization-Based Treatment for Adolescents (MBT-A).

In this article we describe the structure and technique of mentalization-based therapy for adolescents (MBT-A), an evidence-based intervention that has shown effectiveness in helping young people with self-harm, borderline personality, and depression. We describe also the differences between MBT with adults and MBT-A, which primarily focuses on the developmental aspects of adolescence. The developmental trajectory of adolescence culminates in a coherent and consolidated sense of self.

The Relevance of Generalist Approaches to Early Intervention for Personality Disorder.

Significant gains have been made in the treatment of personality disorder among young people. However, effect sizes for evidence-based treatments have been modest, and emerging evidence suggests the potential of generalist approaches to improve outcomes in this population. The aim of this review was to highlight how generalist approaches such as good psychiatric management for adolescents (GPM-A) hold promise for early intervention for personality disorders among young people.

Head-to-head comparisons of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, Section II and Section III personality disorder in predicting clinical outcomes.

In 2022, published a 10-year retrospective on the fifth edition (DSM-5), Section III, Alternative Model for PDs (AMPD; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The articles of the 10-year retrospective provided evidence in support of the validity, reliability, and clinical utility of the AMPD. Specifically, it provided evidence in support of the unidimensional factor structure of the LPF and the five-dimensional structure of the pathological trait domains.

A Comprehensive Scoping Review of Empirical Studies on Earned Secure Attachment.

Earned-Secure Attachment (ESA) can be defined as the process by which individuals with insecure childhood attachment rise above malevolent childhood experiences to develop secure relationships pattern in adulthood. To our knowledge, no previous review has summarized findings from empirical literature about this topic. To fill this gap, we conduct a preregistered scoping review (research published until 2023) following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, to find how ESA has been defined, assessed, and studied in the empirical literature.