A process optimization and release modeling of coaxial electrospun aligned core-shell poly (ethylene oxide-poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide)) nanofibers encapsulating nerve growth factor.

Recent advances in neural regeneration have demonstrated the importance of incorporating proteins into polymeric capsules to provide both topographical and biochemical cues to cells. Coaxial electrospinning has emerged as a versatile technique for embedding delicate bioactive agents within core-shell nanofibers, enabling controlled and sustained drug release. In this study, we employed a design-of-experiment approach to systematically investigate how controllable parameters in coaxial electrospinning influence the diameter and size distribution of aligned poly (ethylene oxide-poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanofibers loaded with nerve growth factor (NGF).

Stakeholder priorities for ART initiation and early retention strategies in Malawi: a qualitative study comparing international and national perspectives.

Introduction: New or returning antiretroviral therapy (ART) clients are largely ineligible for differentiated service delivery (DSD) models. These clients are at increased risk of treatment interruption and may benefit from flexible care models, but stakeholder buy-in may limit progress on interventions for this population. We qualitatively explored stakeholder perceptions and decision-making criteria for scaling DSD models for new or returning ART clients in Malawi.

A novel approach for the optimization of Shatavari Willd.) plant-based low alcohol nutra beverage production using S (NCIM 2428) in conjunction with artificial neural network and genetic algorithm (ANN-GA).

Introduction: This study focused on optimizing the fermentation conditions of Shatavari plant-based roots using an artificial neural network and response surface methodology. The aim was to identify the optimal independent variables and corresponding responses by comparing experimental and predicted responses. The experimentation was validated using a genetic algorithm, determining the best temperature, pH, and inoculum parameters.

Gold nanoparticle-assisted, label-free SELEX coupled with high-throughput NGS for generating highly sensitive and specific DNA aptamers targeting Aflatoxin B.

Background: Aflatoxin B (AFB) is a highly toxic fungal secondary metabolite that poses serious health risks to humans and animals, prompting the development of sensitive and specific detection technologies. Aptamer-based detection strategies offer a potential alternative to traditional detection methods. This study aimed to develop AFB-specific aptamers using a gold nanoparticles-assisted SELEX (AuNP-SELEX) approach, eliminating the need for target immobilization.

Ethyl acetate extract of : a specific and potent inhibitor against the drug-resistant EGFR_T790M mutant in NSCLC.

Lung cancer, the second leading cause of cancer mortality, requires the development of novel therapeutic strategies due to emerging drug resistance and toxicity. With this objective, the present work explored the therapeutic potential of leaf extracts against EGFR_T790M-mediated drug resistance in NSCLC. To this end, we evaluated the functional and therapeutic potential of a panel of polar and non-polar solvent extracts using various assay systems.

A qualitative study on ASHA workers' perspective on HPV self-sampling in Sikkim India.

Cervical cancer is a major public health concern in India, hampered by limitations in traditional screening methods and healthcare infrastructure. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and challenges of implementing Human Papillomavirus self-sampling (HPV) self-sampling, conducted by ASHA workers (Accredited Social-Health Activists) in Sikkim, India, using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. In-depth interviews were conducted between February and May 2023 with ASHA workers involved in HPV self-sampling implementation within Sikkim.

Tailored pharmacotherapy monitoring in Parkinson's disease and Schizophrenia using a rapid and sensitive α-Synuclein assay.

Background: While Parkinson's disease is a low dopamine neurodegenerative disorder, Schizophrenia is considered a high dopamine psychiatric disorder. Pharmacological interventions that are directed to normalize dopamine concentrations in the mid-brain for an extended duration lead to unintended consequences. Parkinson's disease patients experience psychosis, and Schizophrenia patients develop extra-pyramidal symptoms due to dopamine levels overshooting their physiological range.

A Rare Case of Primary Follicular Lymphoma in the Retroperitoneum.

Primary retroperitoneal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is considered sporadic, difficult to diagnose, and has an atypical presentation. NHL typically presents with non-tender peripheral lymphadenopathy in two-thirds of patients. Very rarely, it may present with abdominal swelling and obstructive symptoms of the respiratory and GI tracts.

Fecal Microbial Profiles and Short-Chain Fatty Acid/Bile Acid Metabolomics in Patients With Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease, and studies have implicated the role of gut microbiota in its pathogenesis. However, characterization of microbiome dysbiosis and associated microbial-derived metabolomic profiles across AMD stages remains unknown. In this pilot study, we explored how gut microbiome composition and gut-derived metabolites differ in AMD.

Allosteric mutations impact the catalytic activity and oligomeric state of the main protease of coronavirus.

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the urgent need for effective antiviral strategies. A promising target is the 3CL protease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a crucial enzyme for viral replication. This study explores the structural and functional roles of specific amino acids essential for enzyme activation and dimerization, revealing potential allosteric sites as novel drug targets.

In silico studies to understand the interactions of flavonoid inhibitor with nsp12-RNA dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 and its homologs.

Aim: COVID 19 continues to be a major health concern. RNA dependent RNA polymerase of which is crucial for replication is therefore a potential drug target.

Methodology: Based on experimental structures of RdRp from , computational models were generated of its homologs from , and .

Design, Synthesis, In Vivo Antimalarial Activity, and In Silico Studies of Sulfonamide-Alkanamido Thiazole-5-Carboxylate Derivatives.

A series of nine substituted derivatives of 4-methyl-2-(3-methyl-2-(4-methylphenylsulfonamido)-butanamido)thiazole-5-carboxylate were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for antimalarial activity. The synthesis involved a two-step process using methyl acetoacetate and various substituted benzenesulfonamoyl alkanamides. Structural confirmation was achieved using NMR and mass spectroscopy.

Clinical and Socioeconomic Burden of Retinal Diseases: Can Biosimilars Add Value? A Narrative Review.

Retinal diseases, such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusion, pose a significant global burden on individuals, families, and healthcare systems. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy has become the standard treatment for retinal diseases, improving clinical outcomes, while delaying disease progression. Although effective, biologics are associated with high costs, which can lead to underutilisation and, consequently, suboptimal patient treatment outcomes, further contributing to healthcare costs.

Development of Mobile Application Based System for Improving Population Based Cancer Screening by Community Health Workers.

Objective: Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with India experiencing a significant cancer burden. Effective population-based cancer screening is crucial for early detection and reduction of cancer-related deaths. This study aims to develop a mobile application-based Cancer Screening and Surveillance System (CSMS) to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of population-based cancer screening by community health workers (CHWs).

Developing a risk prediction tool for lung cancer in Kent and Medway, England: cohort study using linked data.

Background: Lung cancer has the poorest survival due to late diagnosis and there is no universal screening. Hence, early detection is crucial. Our objective was to develop a lung cancer risk prediction tool at a population level.

TEMPO-oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose as potential carrier for sustained antibacterial delivery.

Designing a suitable, cost-effective nanocarrier with an ability to capture and deliver antibiotics for restricting microbial spread remains an unmet need. A simple two-stepped strategy involving citric acid-induced hydrolysis of cellulose pulp (NFC) followed by TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical) mediated oxidation to obtain carboxylated nano fibrillated cellulose (TNFC-5) with high carboxyl content (1.12 mmol/g) has been explored.

Serum proteomics for the identification of biomarkers to flag predilection of COVID19 patients to various organ morbidities.

Background: COVID19 is a pandemic that has affected millions around the world since March 2020. While many patients recovered completely with mild illness, many patients succumbed to various organ morbidities. This heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of COVID19 infection has posed a challenge to clinicians around the world.

Label-based comparative proteomics of oral mucosal tissue to understand progression of precancerous lesions to oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinomas typically arise from precancerous lesions such as leukoplakia and erythroplakia. These lesions exhibit a range of histological changes from hyperplasia to dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, during their transformation to malignancy. The molecular mechanisms driving this multistage transition remain incompletely understood.

Extended Intraocular Drug-Delivery Platforms for the Treatment of Retinal and Choroidal Diseases.

To review sustained-release intraocular platforms used to treat diseases of the retina and choroid. A literature review of the current applications of biomaterials for sustained-release therapy in retinal and choroidal diseases was performed. Retinal and choroidal diseases, such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular edema (DME), and uveitis, are commonly treated using intravitreal (IVT) therapies that require frequent IVT injections.

Polyphasic approaches to identify and understand α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of secondary metabolites of Withania coagulans fruit.

Withania coagulans (WC) is used in traditional and Ayurveda medicine to treat various ailments, including diabetes. Our investigation found that WC fruit hexane extract effectively suppresses α-glucosidase activity (IC = 0.013 mg/ml, K = 0.

Molecular biomarkers involved in the progression of gallbladder inflammatory lesions to invasive cancer: A proteomic approach.

The progression of gallbladder inflammatory lesions to invasive cancer remains poorly understood, necessitating research on biomarkers involved in this transition. This study aims to identify and validate proteins associated with this progression, offering insights into potential diagnostic biomarkers for gallbladder cancer (GBC). Label-free liquid chromatography-assisted tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomics was performed on samples from ten cases each of GBC and inflammatory lesions, with technical duplicates.