Development and Evaluation of American College of Surgeons NSQIP Pediatric On-Demand Reporting of Risk-Adjusted and Smoothed Rates.

Background: The NSQIP Pediatric Semi-annual report (NSQIP Ped SAR) provides hospitals with risk-adjusted benchmarked results for comparative performance based on 1 year of data. These data are 6 to 18 months old due to requirements for data processing and modeling and this delay potentially limits its usefulness for hospital surgical quality improvement efforts. A timelier reporting mechanism is needed.

Defining aging-associated factors that increase susceptibility to prostate cancer.

Age is a major risk factor for a range of diseases including prostate cancer. Understanding how age influences the susceptibility of normal prostate epithelial cells to cancer initiation is complicated by the fact that aging affects all tissues in the body. Assessing how various aging mechanisms influence the prostate epithelium is a necessary step to determine the critical factors associated with aging that increase prostate cancer risk.

A multicenter epidemiologic analysis of the injuries affecting female and male collegiate basketball players.

Purpose: The global rise in popularity of basketball has prompted an increased emphasis on understanding the injury patterns affecting players. This study analysed injury epidemiology and return to sport outcomes in Division I male and female collegiate basketball players. The authors hypothesise that ankle injuries are amongst the most common in this population and that there are similarly comparable injury rates between genders.

Tagraxofusp, a CD123-targeted therapy, for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: final results of a phase 1/2 study.

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is an aggressive hematologic neoplasm characterized by an expansion of CD123 monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). pDC bone marrow clusters in CMML have been associated with higher rates of acute myeloid leukemia transformation. We evaluated tagraxofusp, a CD123-targeted therapy, in a phase 1/2 trial for patients with CMML.

A phase 1 study of IO-202, an anti-LILRB4 antibody, in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia.

IO-202 is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody with high affinity and specificity for leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (LILRB4; ILT3), which is predominantly expressed in monocytes and monocytic blasts. IO-202 induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis in vitro and in patients with leukemia. Herein, we present the phase 1a dose escalation data of IO-202 as monotherapy and in combination with azacitidine (AZA) in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and R/R chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and the phase 1b dose expansion data of IO-202 combined with AZA for the treatment of hypomethylating agent (HMA)-naïve CMML.

Reduced-dose vs full-dose direct oral anticoagulants for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally. Although direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have improved extended VTE treatment, the optimal dose for balancing efficacy and safety remains unclear.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of reduced-dose DOACs vs full-dose regimens during extended anticoagulation for VTE.

A Joint Bayesian Longitudinal Model for Macular Structure-Function Correlations in Glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate global longitudinal structure-function (SF) relationships between macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and central visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD) rates of change using a Bayesian joint bivariate longitudinal model.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Participants: One hundred seventeen eyes from 117 patients with glaucoma with central damage or moderate to advanced glaucoma were included.

Sex Differences in Ketogenic Diet Response Reveal Gonadal Hormone Interaction With FGF21 in Mice.

Although indicated as adjunctive therapy for seizure disorders, ketogenic diets (KDs) have gained popularity for weight loss and mitigating the metabolic risks associated with severe obesity. However, efficacy, durability, and long-term consequences are incompletely understood. In preclinical models, most studies have included only male mice, precluding an understanding of sex-specific responses to KD.

Reactivity Studies of Bipyridine-Ligated Nickel(I) and Nickel(0) Complexes Inform the Mechanism in Modern Cross-Coupling Reactions.

Bipyridine-ligated nickel(I) and nickel(0) intermediates are widely proposed in Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. However, few isolable Ni and Ni complexes with catalytically relevant bipyridine ligands are known, limiting our understanding of these complexes' speciation and reactivity. In this work, we identify and investigate well-defined, isolable (bpy)Ni and (bpy)Ni complexes to characterize their behavior in catalytic systems.

Significant Pathology in Young Infants Presenting With Hypothermia: A Multicenter Study.

Objective: Hypothermia in young infants is often attributed to immature thermoregulation but may be the harbinger of significant pathology. We aimed to determine the prevalence and type of significant pathology in young infants aged 90 days or younger presenting with hypothermia (≤36.0 °C) and explore associations between this outcome and presenting characteristics and evaluation.

Choroidal Vascularity Index as a marker of health and disease: Systematic review and meta-Analyses.

The Choroidal Vascularity Index (CVI), derived from optical coherence tomography (OCT), has emerged as a potential biomarker for detecting vascular changes. Understanding its variability across physiological states, ocular conditions, and systemic diseases is crucial for its integration into clinical practice. We evaluated variations in CVI across different physiological states (e.

Soil drivers of fungal, bacterial and plant diversity in contaminated Southern Californian sites: Implications for dryland bioremediation.

This exploratory study surveyed seven contaminated brownfields and Superfund sites in Southern California to identify locally adapted species tolerant of mixed organic and metal contamination under arid and semi-arid conditions. Five novel native plants, including Brickellia californica, Baccharis salicifolia, Baccharis sarothroides, Eriogonum fasciculatum, and Heterotheca grandiflora were identified as hyperaccumulators of copper (Cu), alongside a non-native species from the Asteraceae family, Helminthotheca echioides. Additional metal-accumulating plants (including native plants) for lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), and nickel (Ni) were identified, and warrant further evaluation for their phytoremediation potential.

The epidemiology, clinical burden, and prevention of intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) related to surgically induced endometrial trauma: a systematic literature review and selective meta-analyses.

Background: Reproductive-age women with intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) following uterine surgery may be asymptomatic or may experience light or absent menstruation, infertility, preterm delivery, and/or peripartum hemorrhage. Understanding procedure- and technique-specific risks and the available evidence on the impact of surgical adjuvants is essential to the design of future research.

Objective And Rationale: While many systematic reviews have been published, most deal with singular aspects of the problem.

Artificial Intelligence Automation of Echocardiographic Measurements.

Background: Accurate measurement of echocardiographic parameters is crucial for the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease and tracking of change over time; however, manual assessment requires time-consuming effort and can be imprecise. Artificial intelligence has the potential to reduce clinician burden by automating the time-intensive task of comprehensive measurement of echocardiographic parameters.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate open-sourced deep learning semantic segmentation models for the automated measurement of 18 anatomic and Doppler measurements in echocardiography.

American Rhinologic Society Expert Practice Statement: Surveillance Strategies for Sinonasal Malignancy.

The goal of this American Rhinologic Society expert practice statement (EPS) is to summarize the best available evidence for surveillance strategies following definitive treatment of sinonasal malignancy. Topics discussed include components of surveillance, including endoscopy and imaging subtypes, frequency and length of surveillance, and highlights of some specific pathologies that warrant special consideration. This EPS was developed following the recommended methodology and approval process as previously outlined.

A Rare Case of Giant Esophageal Leiomyoma in an Adult Male Presenting With Right Upper Quadrant Pain and Mild Dysphagia.

Leiomyomas are the most common benign mesenchymal tumors of the esophagus, and they account for nearly two-thirds of benign esophageal neoplasms. The leiomyomas of the esophagus present with numerous nonspecific symptoms and signs, including dysphagia, shortness of breath, anorexia, weight loss, chronic cough, and bowel obstruction. The patient in this case report presented with moderate to severe right upper quadrant pain and mild dysphagia, which initially prompted evaluation for hepatobiliary pathology.

Summary from the 2025 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine workshop on body MRI: Unsolved problems and unmet needs.

In March of 2025, 145 attendees convened at the Hub for Clinical Collaboration of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia for the inaugural International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) Body MRI Study Group workshop entitled "Body MRI: Unsolved Problems and Unmet Needs." Approximately 24% of the attendees were MD or MD/PhD's, 45% were PhD's, and 30% were early-career trainees and postdoctoral associates. Among the invited speakers and moderators, 28% were from outside the United States, with a 40:60% female-to-male ratio.

Localized high-risk prostate cancer harbors an androgen receptor activity-low subpopulation susceptible to HER2 inhibition.

Background: Localized high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) often recurs despite neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We sought to identify baseline molecular programs that predict pathologic response and reveal targetable vulnerabilities.

Methods: We profiled 147 biopsy foci from 48 MRI-visible lesions in 37 patients before 6 months of ADT plus enzalutamide and radical prostatectomy.

Provider perspectives and experiences with initial implementation of medication abortion in a California public university health center: A qualitative study.

To uncover perceptions and experiences of campus health staff regarding provision of medication abortion (MA) at one public California University. Included 10 campus health center staff, including nurses, advanced practice clinicians, and physicians. Staff were recruited email or snowball sampling to participate in individual interviews to investigate their personal and professional beliefs and experiences of MA being offered at the university.

Mind Over Scalpel: Effectiveness of Preoperative Surgical Education.

Multimodal preoperative educational interventions, delivered in various formats including written materials, videos, websites, and more, have shown potential in improving postoperative outcomes. Given the evolving landscape of surgical education, the effectiveness of these diverse strategies requires further assessment. This systematic review, meta-analysis and network meta-analysis evaluated multimodal preoperative educational interventions and their impact on surgical outcomes.

A brain-wide map of neural activity during complex behaviour.

A key challenge in neuroscience is understanding how neurons in hundreds of interconnected brain regions integrate sensory inputs with previous expectations to initiate movements and make decisions. It is difficult to meet this challenge if different laboratories apply different analyses to different recordings in different regions during different behaviours. Here we report a comprehensive set of recordings from 621,733 neurons recorded with 699 Neuropixels probes across 139 mice in 12 laboratories.

Brain-wide representations of prior information in mouse decision-making.

The neural representations of prior information about the state of the world are poorly understood. Here, to investigate them, we examined brain-wide Neuropixels recordings and widefield calcium imaging collected by the International Brain Laboratory. Mice were trained to indicate the location of a visual grating stimulus, which appeared on the left or right with a prior probability alternating between 0.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Patient Age at First Hospitalization for Heart Failure.

Background: The burden of heart failure (HF) varies across racial and ethnic groups.

Objectives: This study characterized the age at first HF hospitalization across racial and ethnic groups and determined the relative contribution of social risk factors to these differences.

Methods: Patients hospitalized in the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure (GWTG-HF, 2016-2019) registry with no prior HF diagnosis were included.