How to assess participation in 2- to 5-year-olds, focusing on everyday functioning and social interactions: scoping review.

This scoping review aimed to identify participation assessment measures, focusing on everyday functioning or social interactions in children aged 2 to 5. Following the PRISMA guidelines, relevant studies published over a 5-year period were identified and selected, using a transdiagnostic approach. Four hundred and eighty publications from 37 countries were analyzed.

First-generation N-terminal domain supersite public antibodies retain activity against Omicron-derived lineages and protect mice against Omicron BA.5 challenge.

Unlabelled: Monoclonal antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 can offer prophylactic and therapeutic protection against severe disease, with particular utility for immunosuppressed and vulnerable populations. With the constant emergence of new variants, understanding the neutralizing potency of monoclonal antibodies to dynamic spike protein epitopes is crucial. We show that a set of VH1-24-derived N-terminal domain (NTD)-directed antibodies, isolated from a convalescent donor early in the pandemic, displayed remarkable neutralization resilience against many Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants, including BA.

Enhancer Placement Impacts Transcriptional Dynamics in Embryos.

The functional role of enhancer-promoter configurations in transcription regulation remains poorly understood, despite the wide range of linear genomic distance and relative enhancer positioning observed in endogenous contexts. While canonical models suggest that enhancers operate independently of genomic position, technical limitations have obscured insights on transcriptional kinetics. Here, we employ single-cell MS2/MCP-based live imaging in embryos to systematically analyze transcriptional dynamics driven by sub-10kb enhancer-promoter arrangements.

Validation of a Quantitative Ultrasound Texture Analysis Model for Early Prediction of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Breast Cancer: A Prospective Serial Imaging Study.

Background/objectives: Patients with breast cancer who do not achieve a complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) may benefit from intensified adjuvant systemic therapy. However, such treatment escalation is typically delayed until after tumour resection, which occurs several months into the treatment course. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) can detect early microstructural changes in tumours and may enable timely identification of non-responders during NAC, allowing for earlier treatment intensification.

SuFEx-based antitubercular compound irreversibly inhibits Pks13.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains the world's deadliest bacterial pathogen. There is an urgent medical need to develop new drugs that shorten the treatment duration to combat widespread multi-drug-resistant and extensive-drug-resistant Mtb. Here, we present a preclinical covalent compound, CMX410, that contains an aryl fluorosulfate (SuFEx) warhead and uniquely targets the acyltransferase domain of Pks13, an essential enzyme in cell-wall biosynthesis.

"They're not just fire pits, they're Sacred Fires": Traditional healing spaces as sites of anticolonial resistance in a Toronto hospital.

Globally, there is a movement to revive ancient Indigenous practices of traditional healing (TH) that utilize Land-based medicine and emphasize a wholistic approach to wellness. In Canada, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Call to Action urges the integration of Indigenous TH practices into healthcare systems. Drawing from anticolonial theory and Indigenous health geographies, this research examines traditional healing spaces (TH spaces) at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) as an in-depth case study to understand how TH spaces transform institutional 'space' into Indigenous 'place' while challenging dominant biomedical paradigms.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cytokines as predictors of cognitive impairment in adolescent and young adult cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a longitudinal study.

Background: Inflammatory signaling is linked with cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), potentially through modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Here, we evaluate associations between plasma cytokines and BDNF and their relationship with cognition in a longitudinal study of adolescent and young adult cancer patients (AYAC) receiving chemotherapy and non-cancer controls (NC) (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03476070).

The Loss of Gonadal Hormones Has a Different Impact on Aging Female and Male Mice Submitted to Heart Failure-Inducing Metabolic Hypertensive Stress.

Background: Aging and the female sex are considered risk factors for the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Unlike other risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, or diabetes, they do not represent therapeutic targets.

Methods: In a recently developed two-hit murine HFpEF model (angiotensin II + high-fat diet; MHS), we studied the relative contributions of the biological sex, aging, and gonadal hormones to cardiac remodeling and function.

Impact of Multimodal Surgical Resection and Personalized Targeted Therapy on Survival Outcomes in Early-Stage Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Meta-Analysis.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy with limited evaluates the efficacy and safety of these treatments. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, including 14 studies that compared multimodal therapies for early-stage MPM. Continuous variables were analyzed using random-effects modeling, with heterogeneity assessed using I² statistics.

Incidence and predictors of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment-related cognitive impairment in a racial and ethnic diverse population.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer therapy in recent years. In addition to rejuvenating anti-cancer immunity, ICI may cause immune dysregulation, impacting homeostasis, including brain functions. Thus, the association of ICI with cognitive function needs further investigation.

Development of a framework on the incorporation of real-world evidence (RWE) into cancer drug funding decisions in Canada: the Canadian Real-world Evidence for Value of Cancer Drugs (CanREValue) collaboration.

Objective: The Canadian Real-world Evidence for Value in Cancer (CanREValue) Collaboration was established in response to growing interest in using real-world evidence (RWE) to support health technology assessment (HTA). CanREValue has developed a framework to generate and use RWE to inform cancer drug funding decisions.

Design And Participants: The RWE framework was developed using a multistage, multistakeholder approach.

The pan-variant potential of light: 425 nm light inactivates SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and non-cytotoxic doses reduce viral titers in human airway epithelial cells.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) prolonged the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The continued development of novel pan-variant therapeutics to treat currently circulating and future VOCs is critically important. Photomedicine may offer broadly applicable, pan-variant treatments.

PINK1 deficiency rewires early immune responses in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease triggered by intestinal infection.

Parkinson's disease is characterized by a period of non-motor symptoms, including gastrointestinal dysfunction, preceding motor deficits by several years to decades. This long prodrome is suggestive of peripheral immunity involvement in the initiation of disease. We previously developed a model system in PINK1 KO mice displaying PD-like motor symptoms at late stages following intestinal infections.

Olfactory GnRH3 crypt sensory neurons transduce sex pheromone signals to induce male courtship behavior in zebrafish.

Olfactory activation of neuroendocrine pathways plays vital roles in many organisms for reproduction and survival. The importance of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons for reproduction is well-established but little is known about whether they can directly sense and transmit sex pheromone signals. We have uncovered the migration path and distribution pattern of a new GnRH neuronal population that fulfills this role.

Integrated Clinical Genetic Analysis of Meningiomas Causing Bony Hyperostosis Shows More Severe Clinical Course and Overexpression of Secreted Pro-osteogenic Factors.

Background And Objectives: Meningiomas are the most common primary tumor of the brain and may elicit hyperostosis of the adjacent bone. Whether hyperostosis is related to reactive changes of the overlying bone or by invasion of the tumor itself is unclear. In this article, we characterize the clinical and molecular differences of meningiomas with hyperostosis from those without hyperostosis.

Validation of Quantitative Ultrasound and Texture Derivative Analyses-Based Model for Upfront Prediction of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Breast Cancer.

This work was conducted in order to validate a pre-treatment quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and texture derivative analyses-based prediction model proposed in our previous study to identify responders and non-responders to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. The validation cohort consisted of 56 breast cancer patients diagnosed between the years 2018 and 2021. Among all patients, 53 were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and three had unplanned changes in their chemotherapy cycles.

Hormonal dynamics reveal a stimulatory role for secretoneurin in zebrafish ovulation.

Surge release of luteinizing hormone (Lh) from the pituitary is essential for fertility as it triggers ovulation. While secretoneurin (SN) is a phylogenetically conserved secretogranin-2-derived peptide that stimulates Lh, its role in ovulation has not been established. To directly compare periovulatory changes in the classical hormones to the emerging reproductive neuropeptides SNa and SNb, simultaneous mass spectrometry measurement of 9 peptides and 5 steroids was conducted in female zebrafish.

Prediction of Chemotherapy Response in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients at Pre-Treatment Using CT Textural Features and Machine Learning: Comparison of Feature Selection Methods.

Rationale: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a key element of treatment for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Predicting the response of NAC for patients with LABC before initiating treatment would be valuable to customize therapies and ensure the delivery of effective care.

Objective: Our objective was to develop predictive measures of tumor response to NAC prior to starting for LABC using machine learning and textural computed tomography (CT) features in different level of frequencies.

Changes in frailty predict social vulnerability among home care clients living in the community followed for ten years.

Background: Among community dwelling older adults, social vulnerability increases with age. Advanced age alone does not fully explain how or why older adults become more socially vulnerable; frailty may offer a better explanation.

Objective: We aimed to understand how change in frailty relates to change in social vulnerability over time.

Maintenance of cell wall remodeling and vesicle production are connected in .

Pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacteria secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) under various conditions. EVs produced by () have raised significant interest for their potential in cell communication, nutrient acquisition, and immune evasion. However, the relevance of vesicle secretion during tuberculosis infection remains unknown due to the limited understanding of mycobacterial vesicle biogenesis.

Prediction of severity of obstructive sleep apnea by awake impulse oscillometry.

Objective/background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease, which poses a significant health threat. Initial diagnostics with polygraphy or polysomnography are time consuming and expensive. Therefore, there is an unmet medical need for simplification, especially to exclude healthy patients from elaborate and unnecessary diagnostics.

A standard procedure for constructing a multi-level social vulnerability index using CLSA and SOS data as working examples.

Background: The construct of social vulnerability attempts to understand social circumstances not merely as a descriptor, but as a predictor of adverse health events. It can be measured by aggregating social deficits in a social vulnerability index (SVI). We describe a standard procedure for constructing a multi-level SVI using two working examples.

Characterization of Collaborative Cross mouse founder strain CAST/EiJ as a novel model for lethal COVID-19.

Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) have expanded the viral host range beyond primates, and a few other mammals, to mice, affording the opportunity to exploit genetically diverse mouse panels to model the broad spectrum of responses to infection in patient populations. Here we surveyed responses to VOC infection in genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) founder strains. Infection of wild-derived CC founder strains produced a broad range of viral burden, disease susceptibility and survival, whereas most other strains were resistant to disease despite measurable lung viral titers.