Advances in cellulosic natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites: Properties, additive manufacturing and hybridisation - A review.

This review critically examines the rapidly advancing field of cellulosic natural fibre-reinforced polymer (NFRP) composites, with a particular emphasis on material innovation aligned with sustainability and environmental responsibility. The review presents a systematic analysis of recent literature evaluating the mechanical, thermal, water absorption, wear, and machining characteristics of NFRP composites, as well as the influence of advanced processing approaches such as additive manufacturing. Special attention is given to the structure-property relationships and hybridisation strategies employed to address limitations such as relatively lower mechanical performance and durability compared to synthetic fibre composites.

Natural Agents Modulating Ferroptosis in Cancer: Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Perspectives.

Ferroptosis, a controlled cell death influenced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, presents potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment due to its unique molecular pathways and potential drug resistance. Natural compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids, can influence ferroptosis via important signalling pathways, such as Nrf2/Keap1, p53, and GPX4. These are promising for combinational therapy due to their ability to cause ferroptotic death in cancer cells, exhibit tumour-specific selectivity and reduce systemic toxicity.

Engineering the Microbiome: a Novel Approach to Managing Autoimmune Diseases.

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, affecting millions of people and often requiring long-term treatment. Current therapies, such as immunosuppressants and biologics, help manage symptoms but can cause serious side effects. A promising new approach involves engineered microbiota-a method that modifies gut bacteria to influence immune function and potentially ease autoimmune conditions.

In situ decoration of Pd NPs over methotrexate encapsulated CoFeO as a recyclable catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes and synthesis of diaryl sulfide derivatives.

This study presents the successful immobilization of a methotrexate-palladium complex onto the surface of magnetic CoFeO nanoparticles through a simple and cost-efficient process. The environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst was comprehensively characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic absorption spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The catalyst demonstrated outstanding catalytic efficiency, achieving a 98% yield in the reduction of nitroarenes and facilitating the synthesis of diaryl sulfide derivatives under green conditions.

Palladium nanoparticles immobilized in SnFeO/SiO/PM as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the suzuki cross-coupling reaction.

This study focuses on the synthesis of a novel magnetic interphase palladium catalyst immobilized on pyromellitic dianhydride (PM)-coated magnetic SnFeO nanoparticles. Such surface functionalization of magnetic particles represents a promising strategy to bridge the gap between heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis methods. The structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties of these particles were thoroughly examined using various analytical techniques, including FT-IR, SEM, XRD, VSM, ICP, and EDS.

Prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome in South Asian countries and 21 global regions with Sociodemographic index: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease (1990-2021).

Background: This analysis examines both the prevalence and the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) linked to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) across South Asia and worldwide, drawing on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 1990-2021 study.

Methods: Data from GBD 2021 were analyzed using Joinpoint Regression to assess age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR) and DALYs (ASDR). Sociodemographic index (SDI) was incorporated to evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and PCOS burden.

Enhanced ResNet-50 with Multi-Feature Fusion for Robust Detection of Pneumonia in Chest X-Ray Images.

Pneumonia is a critical lung infection that demands timely and precise diagnosis, particularly during the evaluation of chest X-ray images. Deep learning is widely used for pneumonia detection but faces challenges such as poor denoising, limited feature diversity, low interpretability, and class imbalance issues. This study aims to develop an optimized ResNet-50 based framework for accurate pneumonia detection.

Melanoma and its fibroblastic allies: the emerging importance of CAFs in immune suppression, ECM modulation, and therapy resistance.

Melanoma, a heterogeneous and malignant skin tumor, carries disparate prognoses based on the original site of origin, cutaneous, ocular, or mucosal. Advanced and metastatic disease continues to be difficult due to resistance to existing treatments. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have multifunctional roles in tumor growth, immune escape, and drug resistance.

Coupled DFT and SCAPS-1D investigation of a novel small-molecule for organic solar cells.

Herein, we theoretically developed and studied a novel small-molecule donor, SA1, a phenazine-based derivative, for organic solar cells (OSCs). Density functional theory (DFT) analysis was performed to optimize its electronic and molecular characteristics, which were then employed as input parameters for solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) calculations to explore the photovoltaic properties of the OSC. The SA1 structure incorporated a thieno[3,2-]thiophene bonded with thioxothiazolidin-4-one as an electron-rich part to improve the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level, while a dibenzo[,]phenazine core operated as a weak electron-acceptor part to enhance the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level.

Dengue virus: structure, genome, evolution and challenges to control and prevent transmission.

Dengue virus (DENV) is a major global health threat, primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It manifests in mild to severe forms, including dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, causing significant morbidity and mortality. With four serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4), the virus exhibits rapid genetic evolution, complicating vaccine development and disease control.

Optimizing meningioma grading with radiomics and deep features integration, attention mechanisms, and reproducibility analysis.

Objective: This study aims to develop a robust and clinically applicable framework for preoperative grading of meningiomas using T1-contrast-enhanced and T2-weighted MRI images. The approach integrates radiomic feature extraction, attention-guided deep learning models, and reproducibility assessment to achieve high diagnostic accuracy, model interpretability, and clinical reliability.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed MRI scans from 2546 patients with histopathologically confirmed meningiomas (1560 low-grade, 986 high-grade).

Application of response surface methodology for modeling adsorption of janus green and safranin-O on magnetic nanocomposite from aqueous solutions.

The presence of dyes in water bodies has become a significant concern in recent years. In this study, a magnetic nanocomposite synthesized from activated carbon (AC) and FeO nanoparticles (AC/FeO) was employed as an adsorbent to remove janus green (JG) and safranin-O (SO) dyes. The AC/FeO nanocomposite had particle sizes smaller than 100 nm.

Construction of Hierarchical Star Like Morphology of NiO Nanosheets Having Superb Peroxidase Mimetic Properties for Effective Colorimetric HO Sensing.

In this work, we have developed a novel and sensitive colorimetric sensor by the constructions of hierarchical star-like structure of exfoliated NiO called as NiO-ɤ catalyst with strong peroxidase mimetic properties. The as prepared sensor predicted highest sensing response with wider and linear range of 0.001-0.

Stratified patterns from evaporating colloidal dispersions containing binary particles.

Stratifying particles based on their size, coupled with evaporation-driven self-assembly, is an energy-efficient path to achieve particle segregation from an engineering and scientific perspective. At the end of evaporation, elegant arrays of deposition patterns emerge. Even though it is well-known that when two dispersions, , with one having particles in the micrometer range while the other one has particles in the sub-micron range, are mixed and dried, the resultant deposition pattern may have particle segregation.

Synthesis of an efficient MOF heterogeneous catalyst (UiO-66-NH-Pd) for C-O cross-coupling reactions.

This study successfully encapsulated palladium nanoparticles within the metal-organic framework material UiO-66 using a straightforward method. Utilizing a microwave-assisted process, the pores of UiO-66 were activated, and the metal precursors were simultaneously reduced in the presence of a reducing agent. The morphological and physicochemical properties of the resulting material were thoroughly analyzed using various techniques, including EDX, SEM, XRD, TGA, BET, and ICP-OES.

Advancing multifunctional carbon fibre composites: the role of nanomaterials in boosting electrochemical performance for energy storage.

Carbon fibre composites (CFCs) hold significant promise for energy storage and harvesting applications owing to their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio and structural versatility, but their electrochemical performance is constrained by inherent limitations such as low surface area and restricted ion transport pathways. This review examines how strategic integration of nanomaterials-including graphene, carbon nanotubes and MXenes-can overcome these challenges by enhancing surface reactivity, improving electrical conductivity and facilitating efficient ion diffusion, thereby enabling high-performance multifunctional composites. We discuss key advances in nanomaterial-incorporated CFCs for structural batteries and supercapacitors, where tailored interfaces and hierarchical architectures contribute to superior energy and power densities, as well as their emerging role in integrated energy harvesting systems that combine energy storage with triboelectric, piezoelectric or thermoelectric conversion capabilities.

Reliable models for calculating the condensation heat transfer inside smooth helical tubes of different flow directions utilizing smart computational techniques.

Condensers with helical tubes have received much attention in diverse industries. The optimal design of the mentioned equipment necessitates predictive tools for calculating the condensation heat transfer coefficient (HTC). However, literature models are applicable only to specific operational and geometrical conditions.

Developing a urea biosensor and safe blood cleaning method utilizing a novel high throughput La-doped CeO nanosized artificial urease with high biocompatibility and enzyme-like activity.

Herein, a urea biosensor and safe blood cleaning method utilizing a novel high throughput La-doped CeO nanosized artificial urease with high biocompatibility and enzyme-like activity were developed. The urease-like activity, stability composition, morphological characteristics, size, biocompatibility, and crystalline characteristics of the artificial urease were assessed. Considering its high urease-like activity, it is applied for both urea biosensing and safe blood cleaning.

Polymer-free β-cyclodextrins and mefenamic acid inclusion complex nanofibers for enhanced drug solubility and biomedical applications.

In this study, cyclodextrin (CDs) derivatives were used to form mefenamic acid (MFA) supramolecular inclusion complexes (ICs) via a polymer-free electrospinning technique, aiming to improve drug delivery and therapeutic applications. MFA, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has low water solubility, but its solubility increases when complexed with CDs. Three β-CDs derivatives such as hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrins (HCN), methyl β-cyclodextrins (MCN), and sulfobutylether β-cyclodextrins (SCN) were used for MFA ICs.

Reproducible meningioma grading across multi-center MRI protocols via hybrid radiomic and deep learning features.

Objective: This study aimed to create a reliable method for preoperative grading of meningiomas by combining radiomic features and deep learning-based features extracted using a 3D autoencoder. The goal was to utilize the strengths of both handcrafted radiomic features and deep learning features to improve accuracy and reproducibility across different MRI protocols.

Materials And Methods: The study included 3,523 patients with histologically confirmed meningiomas, consisting of 1,900 low-grade (Grade I) and 1,623 high-grade (Grades II and III) cases.

Enhancing cellulose-rich polylactic acid (PLA)-rice residue-reinforced sustainable biocomposites: Influence of chemical pretreatments on strengthening the thermomechanical properties of biocomposite materials.

A systematic study was conducted to optimize chemical pretreatments of rice husk (RH) and rice straw (RS) fibers for reinforcing polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites. Using a Central Composite Design (CCD), the effects of NaOH, HCl, and H₂SO₄ treatments were evaluated over a range of concentration (0.35 to 0.

The association between Dietary Obesity-Prevention Score (DOS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D): a case-control study.

Background: The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to rise, with dietary patterns recognized as a major contributing factor in its development. The Dietary Obesity-Prevention Score (DOS) is a validated tool designed to evaluate adherence to dietary behaviors associated with obesity prevention. This case-control study aimed to examine the association between adherence to the DOS and the risk of developing T2D.