Acute neurological decline in Fahr's syndrome: a rare case suggesting viral illness as a potential trigger.

Introduction And Importance: Fahr's syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bilateral intracranial calcifications, primarily affecting the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum. It presents with a wide range of neurological and psychiatric symptoms, often mimicking more common conditions.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 45-year-old South Asian male with no known comorbidities who presented with acute fever, altered consciousness, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

Fazirsiran for the treatment of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-associated liver disease findings from the SEQUOIA phase 2 trial.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a prevalent autosomal recessive disorder affecting approximately 3 million people worldwide, caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene leading to low alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) levels. This deficiency predisposes individuals to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, neonatal cholestasis, and liver cirrhosis. The most common pathogenic mutation, PI*ZZ allele, produces misfolded Z-AAT protein accumulating in hepatocytes.

Off-label use of Avastin in Pakistan: Lessons from the 2023 Punjab outbreak.

Off-label drug use, which involves prescribing medications beyond approved indications or dosages, is common in countries like Pakistan where regulatory oversight is limited. Avastin (Bevacizumab), originally approved for cancer treatment, is widely used off-label in ophthalmology to treat conditions such as diabetic retinopathy due to its anti-VEGF effects and lower cost compared to approved alternatives like Ranibizumab. However, its intravitreal use requires strict sterility and compounding standards.

Oxidative Stress in DNA Damage and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Unveiling The Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Oxidative stress is marked by disproportionate levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses and is a key factor in initiating DNA damage and neurodegenerative diseases. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels can lead to oxidative DNA lesions, disrupting cellular function and contributing to genomic instability. Oxidative stress is linked to neuronal degeneration, particularly in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD), where DNA damage accelerates the progression of these disorders.

Navigating the risks and benefits of newly approved Lisocabtagene Maraleucel in mantle cell lymphoma treatment.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare disorder that comprises 5-10% of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, with an increasing incidence of about 1-2 cases per 100 000 people. It is characterized by cyclin D1 mutation. The intricate genomic landscape and cells' proliferation history contribute to its clinical heterogeneity.

Recent advances in stem cell approaches to neurodegeneration: A comprehensive review with mechanistic insight.

The progressive nature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, presents substantial problems because current treatments are still obscure. Stem cell-based treatments are emerging as a viable solution to address the significant gaps in treating these severe diseases. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in stem cell research, focusing on the treatment of NDs.

Evolving therapeutic approaches in achalasia: a comprehensive review of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) vs. Heller's myotomy.

This comprehensive narrative review thoroughly explores the treatment landscape for achalasia, a rare esophageal motility disorder. Beginning with an introduction outlining the anatomical and clinical aspects of achalasia, the review delves into its historical perspective, tracing the evolution of treatment options from early nonsurgical methods to advanced surgical techniques such as Heller's myotomy and peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). Technical perspectives on surgical interventions, including key steps, clinical practice guidelines, and modifications to POEM techniques, are extensively discussed.

Transformative Advances in Continuous Glucose Monitoring and the Impact of FDA Over-the-Counter Approval on Diabetes Care.

Introduction: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has significantly advanced diabetes management, evolving from early glucose testing methods to modern, FDA-approved systems. Despite its benefits, challenges related to data security, affordability, and awareness of CGM devices remain.

Aim: This article explores the historical development, current advancements, and ongoing challenges of CGM systems in diabetes management.

Cardiovascular outcomes and safety assessment of SGLT2i on heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are used in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus and show promise in improving outcomes in heart failure patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to quantify the benefits and side effects of SGLT2i in heart failure patients with a reduced ejection fraction.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar with keywords such as "Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor," "Myocardial Infarction," and "Cardiovascular.

Unmasking the Duo: Wilson's Disease in the Context of Lupus and Existing Hepatitis E Coinfection.

We report the case of a 19-year-old woman who presented with a plethora of overlapping symptoms with complex etiology, and the final diagnosis was concurrent Wilson's disease in the background of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Hepatitis E infection, all of which affect similar organs and lead to a presentation with jaundice, fever, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and personality changes. In this unique case, before the manifestation o of symptoms specifically related to Wilson's disease such as bizarre behavior and initial mutism, followed by irrelevant speech, the SLE symptoms were present such as oral ulcers, alopecia, and arthralgia affecting the small joints of hands and feet along with palpitations and shortness of breath. The key clinical message is the need for thorough diagnostic evaluation, as WD can be masked or mistaken for autoimmune conditions, such as SLE.

Surgical decision-making in the digital age: the role of telemedicine - a narrative review.

This narrative review delves into the transformative role of telemedicine in the realm of surgical decision-making. Telemedicine, a significant innovation in healthcare services, leverages electronic information and communication technologies to provide healthcare services when distance separates the participants. It addresses the challenges of increased healthcare demands, an aging population, and budget constraints.

Understanding diagnostic delays among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients at a tertiary cancer care center in a low-middle-income country like Bangladesh.

Breast cancer poses a significant health challenge for women globally, with survival rates varying widely between and within countries. The correlation between delayed diagnosis and lower survival rates is well-established, emphasizing the importance of addressing barriers to early presentation to improve survival rates in low-middle-income countries like Bangladesh. The objective of the study was to assess how often breast cancer patients present late, pinpoint the underlying reasons for the delay, and examine any potential links between delayed presentation and socio-demographic factors in our context.

Novel CsAuMF (M = As, Sb) double halide perovskites: sunlight and industrial waste heat management device applications.

The upcoming lead-free double halide perovskites are sustainable alternatives to lead perovskites in renewable energy technologies. This study conducted a comprehensive investigation into the structural, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of novel CsAuMF (M = As, Sb) double halide perovskites using a density functional theory-based approach. The tolerance factors and negative formation energies, as well as analysis of phonon dispersion, confirm structural and dynamic stability.

Pulmonary Embolism: Highlighting Iron Deficiency Anemia as a Contributing Factor in the Development of Pulmonary Embolism-A Case Report.

This case emphasizes iron deficiency anemia (IDA) as a potential risk factor for pulmonary embolism (PE), especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. Early recognition and management of PE and IDA are crucial. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms linking IDA to thrombosis and improve prevention strategies.

Efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in the treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom Disease (WED), is a sensorimotor disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, typically accompanied by discomfort. Low iron levels, pregnancy, and age are some identified risk factors. RLS is treated using various pharmacological options, including dopamine agonists, benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, opioids, and bupropion.

Improving diagnostics and surveillance of malaria among displaced people in Africa.

African communities that have been forced to leave their homes experience a considerably greater susceptibility to malaria as a result of densely populated living conditions, restricted availability of healthcare, and environmental influences. Internally displaced individuals frequently live in large settlements with restricted availability to drinking water, essential sanitation, and medical services, intensifying the spread of malaria. As a result, the occurrence of malaria is significantly more common among refugees and internally displaced individuals compared to those who are not displaced.

Contagion comeback: unravelling the measles outbreak across the USA.

Measles, a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the measles virus (MeV), poses significant global and national public health challenges despite advancements in vaccination efforts. Though measles was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000, recent years have seen a resurgence of cases, particularly in under-vaccinated communities. This resurgence is compounded by factors such as vaccine hesitancy, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immunization rates, and international travel introducing new cases from endemic regions.

Complications due to HIV in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: HIV infection in patients undergoing Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) results in adverse postoperative outcomes. However, there are uncertain data regarding the extent of involvement of HIV in TJA and the individual complications associated with it. Therefore, we planned to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the risk of HIV in causing complications after TJA.

Efficacy and safety of Donidalorsen in Hereditary Angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency: a systematic review and a meta analysis.

Hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency (HAE-C1-INH) is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent, potentially life-threatening swelling in various parts of the body, including the limbs, face, and airways Current treatments focus primarily on symptomatic relief and the management of acute attacks, without targeting the underlying genetic cause or the dysregulated bradykinin production. Donidalorsen, a novel antisense oligonucleotide, addresses a key driver of HAE-C1-INH by targeting prekallikrein (PKK) to reduce bradykinin levels. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of Donidalorsen versus placebo, focusing on two dosing regimens: 4-week and 8-week intervals.