Prevalence and trends of vitamin D deficiency in a Saudi Arabian population: a five-years retrospective study from 2017 to 2021.

Vitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency poses a significant global health concern, especially prevalent in developing nations. This retrospective cross-sectional study, conducted at King Khaled Hospital in Majmaah, aimed to investigate the prevalence and trends of vitamin D deficiency among 22,335 individuals from the Saudi population from 2017 to 2021. The population for this study includes new cases visiting hospitals for routine health check-ups or related to various medical conditions, as well as individuals visiting screening camps outside hospitals in remote areas and schools.

Screen time exposure and academic performance, anxiety, and behavioral problems among school children.

Background: The growth of the digital landscape has surely outpaced research on the effects of screen media on the health, learning, and development of children. The potential risk-to-benefit ratio of screen media exposure for education and entertainment purposes warrants further exploration. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationships between screen time and academic performance, anxiety, and outdoor playing among school children in India.

An Overview of Chitinase Zymography: Past and Present Methods and Protocols.

Chitinases are a variety of different enzymes that facilitate the breakdown of chitin, a complex sugar molecule presents in the outer shells of arthropods and the cellular walls of fungi. Chitinase zymography is a powerful analytical technique to visualize and characterize chitinase activity in complex biological samples. In plants, chitinases contribute to defense mechanisms by degrading fungal cell walls and deterring pathogen invasion.

Recent Updates on Protease Zymography.

Proteases, also known as peptidases or proteinases, are enzymes that break down peptide bonds of proteins. It is essential for number of physiological processes like digestion, immune response, blood clotting, and cell regulation. Different versions of the same protease enzyme, or isoforms, result from post-translational modifications, alternative splicing, or genetic differences.

SG06, a Chalcone Derivative Targets PI3K/AKT1 Pathway for Neuroprotection and Cognitive Enhancement in an Alzheimer's Disease-Like Zebrafish Model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Alzheimer's dementia (ADM) are common neurodegenerative disorders marked by progressive cognitive decline, memory impairment, and behavioral deficits, which impose a significant burden on individuals and healthcare systems worldwide. Due to the complex nature of AD pathophysiology, effective treatment strategies may require targeting multiple pathways. This study explored the neuroprotective effects of the chalcone derivative SG06 in a scopolamine-induced AD-like zebrafish model using network pharmacology and molecular docking.

A Recent Overview of Molecular Pathways in Synthetic Lethality as a Proposed Valid Target in Oncology: Current Insights and Future Directions.

Earlier conducted systematic reviews have focused on the important impact of synthetic lethality (SL) application in managing various types of tumors, classifying SL, methods for assessment, and technological advances in SL inhibitions and examining the preclinical and clinical landscape of SL cancer biology, and neither of those investigations presented the molecular pathway description of the recommended lethal target of SL in cancer. Out of 36 gene expression omnibus (GEO) database sets selected from 343 retrieved (2023 to 2024), 11 were excluded, and 25 were included in the study and presented in the review. Beyond the search, few interesting database sets comprising interesting molecular pathway were included in minority.

Targeting exon mutations in NSCLC: clinical insights into LAG-3, TIM-3 pathways, and advances in fourth-generation EGFR-TKIs.

Lung cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for the majority of cases. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have become the standard first-line therapy for advanced NSCLC with EGFR mutations, offering significant improvements in progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR) compared to chemotherapy alone. Recent studies suggest that their effectiveness decreased with the emergence of acquired resistance, such as C797S and T790M.

Multi-modal fusion in thermal imaging and MRI for early cancer detection.

Early detection of cancer relies on precise imaging that captures both structural and metabolic details, critical for identifying small yet significant tissue anomalies. Thermal imaging detects temperature changes linked to increased metabolic activity in cancerous tissues, while Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides high-resolution soft tissue contrast. However, traditional single-modality imaging techniques can lack sufficient sensitivity or anatomical context when used alone.

miRNA-186-5p modulates placental inflammation via Inflammasome activation in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that initiate inflammatory responses by activating pro-inflammatory cytokines, playing a crucial role in innate immunity. However, their dysregulation can lead to excessive inflammation, particularly in conditions like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), where placental inflammation may adversely affect fetal development and increase the risk of complications. NEK7 (NIMA-related kinase 7) has been identified as a key mediator in inflammasome activation, facilitating the complex assembly and amplifying inflammatory responses.

Effectiveness of physical therapy interventions for coccydynia: a systematic review with a narrative synthesis.

Introduction: Various physical therapy interventions for coccydynia have been evaluated, but their effectiveness has not yet been comprehensively synthesized. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of physical therapy interventions in adults with coccydynia.

Methods: A systematic search of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro).

A review on animal venom-based matrix metalloproteinase modulators and their therapeutic implications.

Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to a family of proteolytic enzymes that degrade extracellular matrix components, such as collagen, elastin, laminin, and fibronectin. They also play a part in tissue remodeling by cleaving and rejoining the tissue proteins. Cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, and chronic inflammatory conditions are just some of the diseases that can start or get worse when different MMPs are not working properly.

A randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of pyridoxine and ascorbic acid on cognitive function and quality of life in post-menopausal women.

This study is conducted to investigate and contrast the effect of pyridoxine and ascorbic acid on mild cognitive impairment and quality of life in post-menopausal women. A randomized, controlled trial was carried out involving post-menopausal women with mild cognitive impairment. A total of 180 eligible participants were randomized to group A (25 mg of pyridoxine), group B (100 mg of ascorbic acid), and group C (not receiving any drug).

Implementing modified triple blend technique for enhancing the microstructure of recycled aggregate with M-sand in concrete.

This investigation explores the behavior of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), employing a triple blend technique aimed at enhancing concrete properties with M- Sand. The triple blend comprises fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and Alccofine, serving as partial replacements for cement of 60% to improve overall concrete performance when combined with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Concrete samples were then manufactured with varying RCA percentages, ranging from 25 to 100%.

Mexican axolotl optimization algorithm with a recalling enhanced recurrent neural network for modular multilevel inverter fed photovoltaic system.

This manuscript presents a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system employing a modular multilevel inverter (MMI) topology with an advanced hybrid control technique. The proposed MAO-RERNN control method integrates the Mexican Axolotl Optimization (MAO) algorithm with a Recalling-Enhanced Recurrent Neural Network (RERNN) to achieve optimal power conversion, improved stability, and reduced total harmonic distortion (THD). Unlike traditional multilevel inverters (MLI), the MMI structure utilized in this work requires fewer power electronic components, reducing cost and complexity.

Exploring omics approaches in probiotics: Contemporary developments and prospective pathways.

The application of omics technologies in combination with bench investigations has brought about a significant transformation in the field of probiotics, enabling a thorough investigation of the basic elements contributing to the probiotic activity. Genomics studies have decoded the complete set of genes of probiotic organisms, shedding light on beneficial traits and mechanisms of probiotic action. Transcriptomics analyses focus on gene expression patterns and investigate probiotic adaptation and functionality.

Ferrocene conjugated Os(II) complex for photo-catalytic cancer therapy of triple-negative breast cancer cells.

A novel ferrocene-conjugated bimetallic Os(II) photocatalyst (OsFe) showed micromolar photocatalytic anticancer activity against triple-negative breast cancer cells NADH oxidation and caspase 3 activation under visible light.

Circular RNAs: Emerging regulators of signaling pathways in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis during breast cancer progression.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of gene expression and cellular activities, and abnormalities in circRNAs in breast cancer have been linked to important biological processes like epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis, both essential for tumor metastasis. EMT facilitates the transition of epithelial cancer cells into a mesenchymal phenotype, enhancing their invasive and migratory capabilities, while angiogenesis promotes tumor progression by forming new blood vessels. CircRNAs also interact with microRNAs to regulate signaling pathways such as TGF-β, Wnt/-catenin, and VEGF.

Isatin-linked pyrazole K1 derivative alter the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway by enhancing the metabolic function and folliculogenesis in the triclosan-induced PCOS-like condition in zebrafish model.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which causes hormonal imbalance, inflammation, and metabolic disorders, requires several treatments. This study aimed to examine the Isatin-linked pyrazole K1 derivative's effectiveness in PCOS induced by environmental contaminants such as triclosan, specifically assessing its biochemical, metabolic, and reproductive impacts. Isatin-linked pyrazole K1 derivative was synthesised in the lab and tested in vitro and in vivo, including cytotoxicity testing in CHO cells, apoptosis analysis in AO/PI staining, and developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos.

Investigating the multifaceted role of nucleolin in cellular function and Cancer: Structure, Regulation, and therapeutic implications.

Nucleolin (NCL), a highly conserved and multifunctional phosphoprotein, is primarily localized in the nucleolus and participates in various cellular compartments, including the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane. Initially discovered in the 1970 s, NCL is integral to ribosome biogenesis through its roles in ribosomal RNA transcription, processing, and assembly. Beyond ribosome synthesis, NCL plays critical roles in cellular processes such as DNA and RNA metabolism, chromatin remodeling, and cell cycle regulation, underscoring its essentiality for cell viability.

Exploring the potential of bacterial-derived EVs for targeted enzyme replacement therapy: mechanisms, applications, and future directions.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles produced by cells which promote intercellular communication by delivering different contents such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. These vesicles, nano-sized and released into the extracellular space, are present everywhere under both normal and pathological conditions. Probiotic-derived EVs can serve as nanocarriers for therapeutic cargo, particularly in enzyme replacement therapy (ERT).

Black seed (Nigella sativa) extract enhances early and late apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 mediated regulatory pathway in LC540 cells: A network pharmacological and molecular docking approach.

Testicular cancer continues to rise in incidence globally, and conventional chemotherapy is often associated with severe side effects that significantly impact patient's quality of life. Identifying safer alternative therapies is becoming crucial day by day which leads to focus on naturally available phytocompounds with high bioactivity. Over the period of time, Nigella sativa (N.

A comparative study on optical trocar entry vs. balloon trocar entry in laparoscopic eTEP inguinal hernia repair - a randomised control trial.

Background: The enhanced Totally Extra-Peritoneal (eTEP) technique is a novel minimally invasive approach to inguinal hernia repair that involves entry into the retro-rectus space and dissection of preperitoneal spaces. Aim of this study is to compare two methods for creating the preperitoneal space: optical trocar dissection (Group A) and balloon trocar dissection (Group B).

Materials And Methods: A prospective, single-blinded, interventional study was conducted with 116 patients, randomized into two groups (58 in each group) undergoing eTEP inguinal hernia repair at SRM Medical College Hospital, India.

Enhanced Nutritional Efficiency in Poultry Feed: Optimized Production and Immobilization of Thermostable Phytase from Mucor indicus Using Agricultural By-Products.

In this study, a thermostable phytase enzyme was produced from Mucor indicus through the optimization of media components, followed by immobilization, with the aim of enhancing the nutritional value of broiler and layer feed via dephytinization process. Various agricultural by-products, including wheat bran, rice bran, chickpea husk, and black gram husk were evaluated for their efficacy in phytase production. Among these, black gram husk demonstrated the highest enzyme activity, achieving 92.

Accelerating biodegradation efficiency of low-density polyethylene and its hazardous dissolved organic matter using unexplored polyolefin-respiring bacteria: New insights on degradation characterization, biomolecule influence and biotransformation pathways.

The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly increased low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste in landfills, posing new environmental risks due to the release of hazardous dissolved organic matter (DOM). Current LDPE degradation technologies are inadequate and are restricted by a limited understanding of the biotransformation pathway. This study aims to accelerate the biodegradability of LDPE and DOM using Morganella morganii PQ533186 isolated from LDPE-laden municipal landfill.

An effective PO-RSNN and FZCIS based diabetes prediction and stroke analysis in the metaverse environment.

Chronic disease (CD) like diabetes and stroke impacts global healthcare extensively, and continuous monitoring and early detection are necessary for effective management. The Metaverse Environment (ME) has gained attention in the digital healthcare environment; yet, it lacks adequate support for disabled individuals, including deaf and dumb people, and also faces challenges in security, generalizability, and feature selection. To overcome these limitations, a novel probabilistic-centric optimized recurrent sechelliott neural network (PO-RSNN)-based diabetes prediction (DP) and Fuzzy Z-log-clipping inference system (FZCIS)-based severity level estimation in ME is carried out.