Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety: exploring validity with robust measures of classical theory parameters and a rating scale model in university students.

Background: No research has assessed Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HRSA) psychometric properties in Ethiopian university students, using item response theory (IRT) and classical theory.

Aims: This study aimed to assess psychometric properties of the English HRSA in Ethiopian students, using IRT and classical theory.

Method: University students ( = 370, age 21.

Efficacy of MRI and clinical findings of Lidocaine injection combined with manual therapy in frozen shoulder-A prospective, randomized, single-blinded, sham-controlled trial.

Background: Frozen shoulder, or adhesive capsulitis, is a debilitating condition characterized by progressive pain and restricted range of motion in the glenohumeral joint. A wide range of interventions has been explored for its management, including conservative physiotherapy approaches such as thermotherapy, manual therapy, and therapeutic exercises. Pharmacological interventions, including pain medications, and muscle relaxants are commonly employed to alleviate symptoms.

Gender Differences in Lower Limb Strength and Endurance Among Saudi Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Limited Role of Body Mass Index.

: Understanding the relationship between physical fitness and body mass index (BMI) is critical for promoting adolescent health, particularly in Saudi Arabia, where cultural norms and rising obesity rates present unique challenges. This study aimed to investigate the impact of BMI, gender, and physical activity levels on lower limb strength and endurance, as measured by the Standing Long Jump (SLJ) and the 1 min Sit-to-Stand (STS) test, respectively. : This cross-sectional study included 100 healthy Saudi adolescents (44 boys, 56 girls) aged 10-18 years.

Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21): Further psychometric exploration using robust item response theory and classical theory measures among university students.

Background: Psychometric validity of the 21-item Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) has not been studied among Ethiopians. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the DASS-21 using Item Response Theory (IRT) and classical theory among Ethiopian university students.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 364 Ethiopian university students.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Importance: Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents the third most common stroke type with unique etiologies, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatments. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies often cluster SAH with other stroke types leaving its distinct burden estimates obscure.

Objective: To estimate the worldwide burden of SAH.

Prevalence and trends of vitamin D deficiency in a Saudi Arabian population: a five-years retrospective study from 2017 to 2021.

Vitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency poses a significant global health concern, especially prevalent in developing nations. This retrospective cross-sectional study, conducted at King Khaled Hospital in Majmaah, aimed to investigate the prevalence and trends of vitamin D deficiency among 22,335 individuals from the Saudi population from 2017 to 2021. The population for this study includes new cases visiting hospitals for routine health check-ups or related to various medical conditions, as well as individuals visiting screening camps outside hospitals in remote areas and schools.

Screen time exposure and academic performance, anxiety, and behavioral problems among school children.

Background: The growth of the digital landscape has surely outpaced research on the effects of screen media on the health, learning, and development of children. The potential risk-to-benefit ratio of screen media exposure for education and entertainment purposes warrants further exploration. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationships between screen time and academic performance, anxiety, and outdoor playing among school children in India.

Exploring the impact of Backpack carrying on plantar pressure and gait patterns in children: A systematic review.

Background: Since ages backpacking has been accepted as an essential and convenient form of daily practice for carrying supplies to school. However, this daily act adds 8-12% of additional weight to the body's stipulated weight, which imposes negative impact on one's locomotor system.

Methods: Databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, PEDro, MEDLINE and Cochrane were searched in a thorough manner.

Effect of combined aerobic and resistance training exercise on Vo2 max and BMI in overweight collegiate population a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Obesity and overweight are prevalent within college students and represent a major health concern due to sedentary lifestyles and absence of exercise. This study was intended to ascertain the impact of discrete and combined aerobic and resistance training exercises on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and Body Mass Index (BMI) among overweight collegiate population.

Method: In this study, 30 male college students aged between 18 and 26 years, with a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than 25 kg/m, were divided at random between three groups: Group 1 (n = 10) engaged in aerobic exercise, Group 2 (n = 10) engaged in resistance training, and Group 3 (n = 10) engaged in combined training regime.

Effectiveness of physical therapy interventions for coccydynia: a systematic review with a narrative synthesis.

Introduction: Various physical therapy interventions for coccydynia have been evaluated, but their effectiveness has not yet been comprehensively synthesized. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of physical therapy interventions in adults with coccydynia.

Methods: A systematic search of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro).

Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Athlete Fear-Avoidance Questionnaire in Arabic: Preliminary Analysis of Fear-Avoidance in ACL-Reconstructed Recreational Players.

Background: The Athlete Fear-Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ) is a validated instrument that measures athletes' fear and avoidance behaviors after an injury, particularly regarding their sporting activities.

Purpose: This study aimed to adapt and validate the AFAQ for Arabic-speaking recreational players (AFAQ-Arabic) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Study Design: Cohort study; level of evidence: 3.

Impact of leadership styles on patient satisfaction with nursing care quality in public hospitals: A cross-sectional study.

This cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between nursing leadership styles and patient satisfaction in 4 public hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The nonrandom convenience sampling method was used with 150 nurses who were involved in caring for 180 patients from 4 different hospitals in the central region of Saudi Arabia. Nursing leadership styles were assessed from nurses using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, while patient satisfaction was measured using the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire.

Assessing the quality of life among African medical and health science students using the WHOQOL-BREF tool.

Background: The quality of life (QoL) among health professional students is available in the literature, yet there is a paucity of information concerning QoL among African students. The study aimed to measure the QoL with the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) tool among African medical and health science students.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 349 African medical and health science students from various disciplines at the International African University in May 2024.

Combined and isolated effects of workstation ergonomics and physiotherapy in improving cervicogenic headache and work ability in office workers: a single-blinded, randomized controlled study.

Objective: The objective of the study is to compare and investigate the combined and individual effects of workstation ergonomics, physiotherapy and patient education in improving CgH headaches and work ability in office workers.

Methods: 96 eligible CgH participants were divided into the ergonomics modifications group (EMG;  = 24), physiotherapy group (PTG;  = 24), and ergonomics modifications combined with physiotherapy group (EPG;  = 24) and education control group (CNG;  = 24), the participants received the respective treatment for 4 weeks. Primary (CgH frequency) and secondary (CgH pain intensity, CgH disability, flexion rotation test (right and left), neck disability index and work ability) scores were measured.

Adaption and psychometric evaluation of the Hindi version of Neck Disability Index in the rural population of Northern India: A cross cultural study.

Background: To ensure the validity and therapeutic utility of the Neck disability index (NDI) scale, translations, cultural adaptations and psychometric evidence is necessary. This study aimed to address the absence of a suitable and validated Hindi version of the NDI for the rural population. The specific objectives were to translate, adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the newly developed Hindi version of the NDI.

Burnout experience among healthcare workers post third COVID-19 wave in India; findings of a cross-sectional study.

Background: The pandemic exacerbated burnout experienced by healthcare personnel, whose mental health had long been a public health concern before COVID-19. This study used the Copenhagen burnout inventory (CBI) tool to assess burnout and identify predictors among Indian healthcare workers managing COVID-19.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to December 2022, after the third pandemic wave.

Development and validation of a questionnaire about reasons for academic cheating by nursing students: A cross-sectional study.

Cheating behavior is spreading among nursing students worldwide, necessitating the development of a validated questionnaire evaluating the reasons for such behavior. Nursing students (N = 482) from 2 universities in Saudi Arabia participated in this observational study. A survey containing items on socio-demographics and the 33-item Reasons for Cheating Scale (RCS) was completed by the respondents.

Effects of pain education on disability, pain, quality of life, and self-efficacy in chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Low back pain stands as a prevalent contributor to pain-related disability on a global scale. In addressing chronic low back pain (CLBP), there is a growing emphasis on incorporating psychological strategies into the management process. Among these, pain education interventions strive to reshape pain beliefs and mitigate the perceived threat of pain.

Correction: Nursing Students' Perspectives on Academic Dishonesty During Examinations and Assignments: A Cross-Sectional Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52418.

Understanding Female and Male Insights in Psychology: Who Thinks What?

Evolutionary psychology is the study of human psychological behavior. During childhood, men and women behave similarly; however, as a child approaches puberty, new physical and behavioral changes emerge. Behavioral psychology focuses on understanding the functioning and thought processes of the human mind.

Evading Musculoskeletal Conditions Using Qigong as a Rescue Technique.

Classically, Qigong is a Chinese technique that has been practiced in China for the past 3,000 years for healing the inner self. Qigong, wherein "Qi" means body energy and "Gong" denotes cultivation, regulates the energy flow in the body. The Qigong technique comprises a package of deep breathing training, gentle and rhythmic movement, and muscle-strengthening exercises that heal the body to activate one's internal soul energy.

Incidence, Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Treatment for Children with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Saudi Arabia. A Systematic Review.

Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) leads to pain, joint instability, and early degenerative joint disease. Incidence, prevalence, and management strategies of DDH have been well-documented in several countries, but not in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: We synthesized the current evidence regarding incidence, prevalence, risk factors, and clinical treatment for children with DDH in Saudi Arabia.

Nursing Students' Perspectives on Academic Dishonesty During Examinations and Assignments: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and objective Academic dishonesty or misconduct among nursing students is a crucial concern within educational institutions. In nursing education, academic dishonesty hinders the development of knowledge and skills among students, thereby jeopardizing both patient safety and the effectiveness of clinical practice. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and forms of academic dishonesty among nursing students in Saudi Arabia.