Challenges in amphetamine medication availability for individuals with ADHD: a narrative review of the current state of evidence.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder affecting individuals across various age groups. Access to amphetamine (AMPH) stimulant is a critical component of evidence-based care for individuals with ADHD. In Saudi Arabia, despite clinical guidelines endorsing their use, the availability of AMPH-based stimulants remains limited.

Construct validity of the international physical activity questionnaire using accelerometry data in patients with femoroacetabular impingement Syndrome and Acetabular Dysplasia: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is widely used to assess physical activity (PA), but its validity compared to device-measured PA data in patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome (FAIS) and Acetabular Dysplasia (AD) remains underexplored. We evaluated the convergent and divergent aspects of construct validity of self-reported PA via the IPAQ versus accelerometry data in patients with pre-arthritic hip diseases (FAIS, AD).

Methods: Participants with FAIS or AD, aged 18 and older, completed the IPAQ and wore accelerometers for 7 days.

Exploring mental health literacy and its associated factors among health care providers: a National Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: This study aims to assess the level of mental health literacy (MHL) among healthcare providers working in different healthcare settings in Saudi Arabia and to examine how socio-demographic factors such as gender, education, age, and personal exposure to mental health conditions associate with MHL.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that used a computer-assisted telephone interview. The study followed a previously validated methodology, ensuring consistency and comparability for future studies.

Physical activity levels among college students in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To synthesize the literature on Saudi college students physical activity (PA) levels, barriers, and facilitators, as well as the proportion of college students meeting WHO-recommended PA guidelines METHODS: A comprehensive search strategy was developed, and the databases PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched for relevant studies. The systematic review protocol was registered in PROSPERO and the PRISMA reporting guidelines were followed. Studies that enrolled Saudi college students and reported PA levels, barriers to PA, facilitators of PA, or adherence to WHO PA recommendations were included.

Diagnosis and Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Practitioner's Perspective.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in Saudi Arabia, yet challenges remain in diagnosis and treatment accessibility. This study examined healthcare practitioners' clinical approaches to ADHD diagnosis and management in Saudi Arabia and identified gaps in practice. This cross-sectional study included healthcare practitioners working in various healthcare settings across Saudi Arabia.

Association of adipose tissue infiltration with cardiac function: scoping review.

Evidence suggests that adipose tissue (AT) infiltration in skeletal muscles may negatively influence cardiac function, yet its use as a biomarker remains unclear. This scoping review examined the relationship between AT infiltration and cardiac function in adults. A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL and SCOPUS identified peer-reviewed studies reporting AT infiltration and cardiac function measures.

Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Athlete Fear-Avoidance Questionnaire in Arabic: Preliminary Analysis of Fear-Avoidance in ACL-Reconstructed Recreational Players.

Background: The Athlete Fear-Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ) is a validated instrument that measures athletes' fear and avoidance behaviors after an injury, particularly regarding their sporting activities.

Purpose: This study aimed to adapt and validate the AFAQ for Arabic-speaking recreational players (AFAQ-Arabic) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Study Design: Cohort study; level of evidence: 3.

Knowledge, Attitude, Beliefs, and Practice Related to Concussion Injury Among Sports Physical Therapists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A Cross-sectional Analysis.

Background And Objective: Sport-related concussions (SRC) are estimated to affect more than 55 million individuals annually. Physical therapists ought to have fundamental knowledge regarding the evaluation and treatment of SRC. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the physical therapists regarding SRC management in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Rehabilitation-Specific Predictors of Pain Intensity and Physical Activity Levels in Individuals With Acetabular Dysplasia 6 Months After Periacetabular Osteotomy.

Introduction: Individuals with acetabular dysplasia often report hip joint instability, pain, and poor hip-related function. Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a surgical procedure that aims to reposition the acetabulum to improve joint congruency and improve pain and function. We aimed to examine the influence of presurgery clinical measures on functional recovery following PAO and the associations among clinical outcomes after PAO.

Pre- and Post-Operative Pain Intensity and Physical Activity Levels in Individuals with Acetabular Dysplasia Undergoing Periacetabular Osteotomy: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Acetabular dysplasia (AD) causes pain, limited function, and development of early hip osteoarthritis. Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a surgical treatment for AD that aims to reposition the acetabulum to reduce pain and improve function.

Purpose: To examine pain recovery and physical activity (PA) before and during the six months after PAO.

Comparison of Step-Based Metrics Under Laboratory and Free-Living Conditions in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.

Context: Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) causes pain and functional limitations. Little is known regarding walking characteristics, volume, and intensity evaluated in laboratory and free-living conditions and whether these measures differ between those with FAIS and uninjured individuals.

Objective: To examine the differences in laboratory gait measures and free-living step-based metrics between individuals with FAIS and uninjured control participants.

Incidence, Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Treatment for Children with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Saudi Arabia. A Systematic Review.

Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) leads to pain, joint instability, and early degenerative joint disease. Incidence, prevalence, and management strategies of DDH have been well-documented in several countries, but not in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: We synthesized the current evidence regarding incidence, prevalence, risk factors, and clinical treatment for children with DDH in Saudi Arabia.

Psychostimulant Medications for Physical Function and Spasticity in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a prevalent nonprogressive disorder that leads to impaired movement (ie, spasticity), posture, and balance, which affects functions such as walking and upper extremity tasks. Current medical treatments show efficacy in improving motor performance but have considerable side effects. Emerging off-label use of central nervous system (CNS) medications for improving motor performance has shown promising results in children with CP and other populations.

Effect of psychostimulant medications on physical function in children with cerebral palsy: scoping review.

The aim of this scoping review is to examine the extent and depth of the literature on effects of central nervous system (CNS) stimulant medications on physical function in children with cerebral palsy (CP). A systematic search for relevant peer-reviewed studies was conducted of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, SPORTDiscus, Embase, & Scopus (January 2002 & August 2022). We included studies that examined the effects of CNS stimulants on physical function in children with CP.

Demographic and Clinical Correlates of Device-Measured Physical Activity Levels in Individuals with Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.

Objective: To compare physical activity (PA) levels between individuals with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and uninjured controls and determine correlates of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA).

Design: Cross-sectional, comparative study.

Setting: University laboratory.

Status and Trends of Physical Activity Surveillance, Policy, and Research in 164 Countries: Findings From the Global Observatory for Physical Activity-GoPA! 2015 and 2020 Surveys.

Background: Physical activity (PA) surveillance, policy, and research efforts need to be periodically appraised to gain insight into national and global capacities for PA promotion. The aim of this paper was to assess the status and trends in PA surveillance, policy, and research in 164 countries.

Methods: We used data from the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) 2015 and 2020 surveys.

Mobility-related outcomes for periacetabular osteotomy in persons with acetabular dysplasia: setting the stage for measurement of real-world outcomes.

Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a surgery for persons with symptomatic acetabular dysplasia (AD) that increases acetabular coverage of the femoral head for reducing hip pain and improving function. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are significantly improved following PAO, yet little is known regarding mobility-related outcomes. This narrative review provides a synthesis of evidence regarding PROs and mobility-related outcomes in persons with AD following PAO.

Movement Patterns and Their Associations With Pain, Function, and Hip Morphology in Individuals With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Scoping Review.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to synthesize studies of movement patterns and their association with hip pain, function/activity, and morphology in individuals with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS).

Methods: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched using predefined terms. Two authors independently reviewed abstracts and full texts.