Viscosity-sensitive fluorescent probes based on the hemicyanine for the organelle-specific visualization during autophagy and ferroptosis.

The dynamic monitoring of cell death processes remains a significant challenge due to the scarcity of highly sensitive molecular tools. In this study, two hemicyanine-based probes (5a-5b) with D-π-A structures were developed for organelle-specific viscosity monitoring. Both probes exhibited correlation with the Förster-Hoffmann viscosity-dependent relationship (R > 0.

Recognizing the overlooked: rethinking autism spectrum disorder symptom presentation in girls.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is more frequently diagnosed in boys than in girls, possibly due to gender-based differences in symptom presentation or referral patterns. This study investigates gender-related variations in symptom severity and clinical presentation among preschool children referred for suspected ASD.

Methods: This study included 125 children (boys: n=103; girls: n=22) aged 2-5 years suspected of having ASD.

Airway obstruction and gender affect arterial stiffness in children with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Vascular changes are observed in children with cystic fibrosis (cwCF), and gender-specific differences may impact arterial stiffness. We aimed to compare arterial stiffness and clinical parameters based on gender in cwCF and to determine the factors affecting arterial stiffness in cwCF.

Methods: Fifty-eight cwCF were included.

The reliability and validity study of the Turkish version of Brief Measure of Eating Compulsivity (MEC) among adolescents.

Background: Food addiction has been increasingly recognized as a contributing factor to obesity and eating disorders. Compulsive eating, characterized by an uncontrollable urge to consume food despite adverse consequences, shares behavioral similarities with substance addiction. This study aims to adapt the Brief Measure of Eating Compulsivity (MEC) into Turkish and evaluate its validity and reliability in the adolescent population.

Asymmetric Fe-O-Ni Pair Sites in Two-Step Dealloyed Prussian Blue Analogue Nanocubes Enrich Linear-Adsorbed Intermediates for Efficient Oxygen Evolution.

Ni-Fe (oxy)hydroxides are among the most active oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts in alkaline media. However, achieving precise control over local asymmetric Fe-O-Ni active sites in Ni-Fe oxyhydroxides for key oxygenated intermediates' adsorption steric configuration regulation of the OER is still challenging. Herein, we report a two-step dealloying strategy to fabricate asymmetric Fe-O-Ni pair sites in the shell of NiOOH@FeOOH/NiOOH heterostructures from NiFe Prussian blue analogue (PBA) nanocubes, involving anion exchange and structure reconstruction.

Understanding the Behavioral Determinants of First Responder App Adoption by Integrating Perspectives From the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and Health Belief Model: Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) are a leading cause of death worldwide, yet first responder apps can significantly improve outcomes by mobilizing citizens to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation before professional help arrives. Despite their importance, limited research has examined the psychological and behavioral factors that influence individuals' willingness to adopt these apps.

Objective: Given that first responder app use involves elements of both technology adoption and preventive health behavior, it is essential to examine this behavior from multiple theoretical perspectives.

Ecological Momentary Assessment as a Measure of Intervention Change: Evaluation in 4 Digital Mental Health Trials.

Background: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is increasingly being incorporated into intervention studies to acquire a more fine-grained and ecologically valid assessment of change. The added utility of including relatively burdensome EMA measures in a clinical trial hinges on several psychometric assumptions, including that these measure are (1) reliable, (2) related to but not redundant with conventional self-report measures (convergent and discriminant validity), (3) sensitive to intervention-related change, and (4) associated with a clinically relevant criterion of improvement (criterion validity) above conventional self-report measures (incremental validity).

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of conventional self-report versus EMA measures of rumination improvement.

Photofunctionalization of Light Alkanes by FeO/BCN at 12 °C.

The activation of methane and other gaseous hydrocarbons at low temperature remains a substantial challenge for the chemistry community. Here, we report an anaerobic photosystem based on crystalline borocarbonitride (BCN) supported Fe-O nanoclusters, which can selectively functionalize C-H bonds of methane, ethane, and higher alkanes to value-added organic chemicals at 12 °C. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy corroborated the ultrafine FeOOH and FeO species in Fe-O clusters, which enhanced the interfacial charge transfer/separation of BCN as well as the chemisorption of methane.

20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 Inhibits Neuroinflammation Induced by Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating the Toll-Like Receptor 4/Myeloid Differentiation Factor-88/Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling Pathway.

20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 can reduce the effects of oxidative stress and cell death in cerebral ischemia‒reperfusion injury (CIRI). Neuroinflammation is crucial post-CIRI, but how 20(R)-Rg3 affects ischemia‒reperfusion-induced neuroinflammation is unclear. To study 20(R)-Rg3's effects on neuroinflammation and neuronal preservation in stroke models and explore toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor-88/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB) pathway mechanisms.

Impact of Gender of the Child on Health Care-Seeking Behavior of Caregivers of Childhood Patients With Cancer: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Purpose: Gender bias against girls may affect health-seeking behavior and outcomes of childhood cancer. This study aimed to study the nature and extent of gender bias in health care among caregivers of childhood patients with cancer and also in community.

Methods: This cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted in a tertiary cancer hospital and an urban community between July 2021 and July 2023.

Umbelliferone Alleviates Sleep Deprivation Induced Cognitive Impairment through the Modulation of Gut Microbiota.

Sleep deprivation (SD) is a major contributor to cognitive impairment, often accompanied by central neuroinflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The tryptophan (TRP) pathway, activated via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), serves as a critical link between immune activation and neuronal damage. Umbelliferone (UMB), a naturally occurring coumarin compound, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and microbiota-modulating properties.

Bidirectional Modulation of α-Glucosidase by Steroidal Saponins From Polygonatum kingianum var. grandifolium: Inhibitory and Activating Effects Align With the Yin-Yang Balance Theory.

Three new steroidal saponins, kingianoside L-N (1-3), whose structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, and 15 known compounds (4-18) were isolated from Polygonatum kingianum var. grandifolium, a source of the traditional antihyperglycemic medicine Polygonati rhizome. The effects of compounds 1-13 on α-glucosidase activity were evaluated in vitro.

Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel Thiazolyl-Based Compounds Incorporating Bioactive Amide and Hydrazide Groups.

In recent years, the hydrazide skeleton, as a pivotal class of nitrogen-containing structures, has garnered considerable attention in medicinal chemistry and organic synthesis owing to its unique chemical versatility and broad-spectrum biological activities. In this study, a series of thiazole-containing benzoylhydrazine derivatives -, -, and - with structural divergence from conventional hydrazide-based molecular frameworks were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antifungal/antioomycete activities. The antifungal/antioomycete assay showed that some of the targeted compounds exhibited remarkable and broad-spectrum antifungal activities.

The Essence of Nature Can be the Simplest (6)-Lifespan: Determined by Extracellular Fenton Chemistry.

Understanding the determinants of lifespan is a central objective in biology. Lifespan is shaped by dynamic, stage-specific changes in metabolism, energy allocation, and genome integrity. Heart rate serves as a physiological marker that reflects both life stage and metabolic state.

The impact of artificial intelligence on biomarker discovery.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming many fields, including healthcare and medicine. In biomarker discovery, AI algorithms have had a profound impact, thanks to their ability to derive insights from complex high-dimensional datasets and integrate multi-modal datatypes (such as omics, electronic health records, imaging or sensor and wearable data). However, despite the proliferation of AI-powered biomarkers, significant hurdles still remain in translating them to the clinic and driving adoption, including lack of population diversity, difficulties accessing harmonised data, costly and time-consuming clinical studies, evolving AI regulatory frameworks and absence of scalable diagnostic infrastructure.

Convergent Paired Electrolysis Enables Electrochemical Halogen-Atom Transfer-Mediated Alkyl Radical Cross-Coupling.

The direct cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl halides with aryl or heteroaryl partners remains a fundamental challenge in synthetic chemistry due to their inertness and propensity for side reactions. Herein, we report a transition-metal-free electrochemical halogen-atom transfer strategy that enables efficient alkyl radical cross-coupling via convergent paired electrolysis. In this system, anodically generated α-aminoalkyl radicals mediate the activation of alkyl iodides, while aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes or nitriles undergo cathodic reduction to afford persistent ketyl radical anions or aryl radical anions.

Inflammation and insulin resistance partially mediate the relationship between age at menopause and depression in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2005-2018.

Objective: To evaluate depression in postmenopausal women and to explore the relationship between age at menopause, hormone therapy, and depression, while also identifying potential mediators that may explain these associations.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2005-2020) for women older than 60 years who completed the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) depression questionnaire (n=7,027). Exposures included age at menopause and self-reported hormone therapy; the outcome was depression severity (PHQ-9 ≥10).

Estrogen therapy in patients with gynecologic cancer: a survey of gynecologists and oncologists in the United States.

Objective: Endometrial cancer (EC) and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) affect women of all ages, and the incidence of endometrial cancer in premenopausal women is rising. Menopause can be detrimental to longevity and quality of life, but evidence suggests estrogen therapy (ET) is safe in these patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the practice patterns of gynecologists and gynecologic oncologists (GYO) in the United States in regards to prescription of ET to gynecologic cancer patients.

The relationship between vaginal aging and sexual quality of life in postmenopausal women.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between vaginal aging and sexual quality of life in postmenopausal women.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 210 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 59 years. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Daily Effects of Vaginal Aging Scale, and the Sexual Quality of Life Scale.

A 3D-printed portable slit lamp for high-resolution anterior segment images.

PurposeTo introduce, describe and validate a novel, 3D-printed portable slit lamp system integrated with a macro lens-equipped smartphone, providing clinicians with a quick, easy, and effective method for obtaining high-quality clinical images.Materials and MethodsA 3D-printed portable slit lamp was developed, comprising a warm white LED light pen housed in a custom case with a biconvex lens focusing light through a 0.4 mm slit.

Electrochemical Trifluoromethylation/1,5-HAT Reaction of -Cyanamide Alkenes: Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Cyclic Amidines and -Acryloylpyrrolidin-2-one Derivatives.

The electrochemical trifluoromethylation/1,5-HAT of -cyanamide alkenes with CFSONa has been achieved to construct trifluoromethylated cyclic amidines and -acryloylpyrrolidin-2-one derivatives. This transformation was performed with readily available starting materials under mild conditions and required neither oxidants nor transition metal catalysts, exhibiting high atom economy.

Loss of Health-Related Quality of Life Among Hospitalized Children With Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Their Caregivers.

Background And Objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is recognized as a major cause of wintertime illness in children. Two forms of immunization to protect infants against severe infection have recently been approved. Information on the effects of infections on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) supports well-informed policy decisions.

Unveiling additive effects on molecular packing and charge transfer in organic solar cells: an AIMD and DFT study.

Additive assisted strategies play a crucial role in optimizing the morphology and improving the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), yet the molecular-level mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we employ molecular dynamics (AIMD) and density functional theory (DFT) to elucidate the influence of typical additives of 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) and 3,5-dichlorobromobenzene (DCBB) on molecular packing, electronic structures, and charge transport. It can be observed that both additives can enhance the stacking properties of the donor and acceptor materials, yet they have different effects on the local electrostatic environment.

Association between correlated effective neural drive and electromechanical fluctuations during co-contraction: Insights from MU discharges and interference EMG.

This study investigated the correlation between the strength of correlated effective neural drive (END) to the antagonistic muscles and the fluctuations in neural/electrical and mechanical output around the joint during steady co-contraction, and whether the correlated END strength estimated from conventional surface EMG is correlated with that determined from motor unit (MU) discharges. Fourteen young male participants performed isometric steady co-contractions with their medial gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles at 10% of maximal EMG while sitting. Correlated END strength was quantified as the maximum value of the cross-correlation function between the conventional surface EMG signals and between MU discharges decomposed from high-density surface EMG of each muscle.

The Association Between Obesity and COVID-19 Severity in Children Differed Between SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Multicountry Hospital-Based Observational Study.

Background: Obesity was a risk factor for severe COVID-19 in children during early outbreaks of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and the Delta variant. However, the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 severity during the Omicron wave remains unclear.

Methods: This multicenter, observational study included polymerase chain r eaction-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected children and adolescents from Australia, Brazil, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland, Thailand, the United Kingdom and the United States hospitalized between January 1, 2020, and March 31, 2022.