Dose Optimization of NMDA for Rat model of Infantile Spasms: Approach Using EEG, Behavior (Seizure) and Histopathology.

Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome (IESS), also referred to as West syndrome, is a severe epileptic disorder that emerges during early childhood. It is marked by characteristic epileptic spasms, developmental stagnation or regression, and a distinctive electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern known as hypsarrhythmia. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of IESS, various genetic and chemically induced animal models have been developed.

Choroidal Vascularity Index as a marker of health and disease: Systematic review and meta-Analyses.

The Choroidal Vascularity Index (CVI), derived from optical coherence tomography (OCT), has emerged as a potential biomarker for detecting vascular changes. Understanding its variability across physiological states, ocular conditions, and systemic diseases is crucial for its integration into clinical practice. We evaluated variations in CVI across different physiological states (e.

Clinical Characteristics and Management of Rare Metabolic Bone Diseases: An Audit of the Rare Metabolic Bone Disease Registry of India.

Rare diseases, defined by the 2002 Rare Disease Act, affect fewer than 5 in 10,000 individuals. Rare metabolic bone diseases (MBDs), such as osteogenesis imperfecta, hypophosphatasia, osteopetrosis, and other unclassified disorders, can disrupt bone development and remodeling, posing diagnostic and management challenges. This study analyzed data from the rarembd.

Floating wire assisted device retrieval-a novel technique for prevention of guide-related coronary injury.

Background: An inward force is experienced by the guide catheter during device retrieval resulting in potential risk of deep engagement into the ostio-proximal coronary segment. This undesired movement can result in coronary injury. There is no systematic data or reports of techniques to prevent such inadvertent guide movement during difficult retrieval of devices.

Treatment of Acquired Dermal Macular Hyperpigmentation With Oral Isotretinoin: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study of 121 Cases.

The term acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation (ADMH) was introduced to unify Riehl's melanosis (RM), lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP), and related entities. These are cosmetically distressing pigmentary disorders that pose therapeutic challenges. To investigate the efficacy and safety of oral isotretinoin in treating ADMH, we conducted a muticenter retrospective study of patients with ADMH treated with oral isotretinoin between 2014 and 2024.

Regulatory dendritic cells and their usefulness in mitigating solid organ transplant rejection.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly efficient antigen-presenting cells located throughout body tissues and surfaces. Initial studies described these cells as potent activators of naïve T lymphocytes; however, subsequent research has demonstrated that DCs can also regulate T cell activation, survival, and effector functions. DCs possessing T cell regulatory properties, known as regulatory DCs (regDCs), are phenotypically immature cells with modified functionality.

Economic evaluation of integrating nutritional support intervention in India's National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme: implications for low-income and middle-income countries.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of integrating nutritional support into India's National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) using the MUKTI initiative.

Design: Economic evaluation.

Setting: Primary data on the cost of delivering healthcare services, out-of-pocket expenditure and health-related quality of life among patients with tuberculosis (TB) were collected from Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh, India.

Narrow Band Ultraviolet B Phototherapy Versus Oral Cyclosporine in the Treatment of Chronic Urticaria.

Background: Cyclosporine is currently recommended as a third-line therapy for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), while narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy has shown promise.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of NB-UVB phototherapy versus cyclosporine in antihistamine-refractory CSU.

Methods: This randomized, prospective, non-inferiority study recruited 50 patients with antihistamine-refractory CSU.

Detection and quantification of fluorescein angiography leakage: From manual grading to advances in machine learning.

Fluorescein angiography (FA) has long been a cornerstone for evaluating retinal vascular leakage in diseases like uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration, but its interpretation relies on subjective grading that can vary between clinicians. With the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), there is a push to transform this qualitative assessment into objective, quantifiable metrics. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, combining keywords and MeSH terms related to fluorescein angiography leakage, artificial intelligence, and retinal vascular diseases.

Role of artificial intelligence-based ocular biomarkers in hepatobiliary diseases: A scoping review.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an indispensable tool in modern health care, offering transformative potential across clinical workflows and diagnostic innovations. This review explores the sation of AI technologies in synthesizing and analyzing multimodal data to enhance efficiency and accuracy in health care delivery. Specifically, deep learning models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in identifying seven categories of hepatobiliary disorders using ocular imaging datasets, including slit-lamp, retinal fundus, and optical coherence tomography images.

Current status and further directions of endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP and endoscopic ultrasound-directed transenteric ERCP in the management of pancreaticobiliary diseases in surgically altered anatomy: a comprehensive review.

Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (EDGE) and endoscopic ultrasound-directed transenteric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (EDEE) are innovative endoscopic techniques developed to overcome the challenges of biliary access in patients with surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy. EDGE facilitates the creation of a gastro-gastric anastomosis, enabling endoscopic access to the excluded stomach and subsequent duodenum for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures. Similarly, EDEE involves creating a gastro-jejunal anastomosis, allowing endoscopic access to the jejunum and hepaticojejunostomy for ERCP.

Artificial intelligence-based apps for screening and diagnosing diabetic retinopathy and common ocular disorders.

Artificial intelligence (AI), encompassing machine learning and deep learning, is being extensively used in medical sciences. It is slated to positively impact the diagnosis and prognostication of various diseases. Deep learning, a subset of AI, has been instrumental in diagnosing diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular edema, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and numerous other ocular diseases.

Healthcare access and utilisation trends among the elderly in India: Evidence from the LASI Wave-1 survey.

Background: Population ageing is a global trend, driven by increased life expectancy, which has led to a rise in chronic diseases and greater healthcare needs among older persons. Despite the implementation of national policies and initiatives such as the National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE), Ayushman Bharat and the National Health Policy 2017, older persons, particularly in rural areas, still face barriers to accessing healthcare, including cost, distance, and the quality of care. Socio-economic factors continue to play a key role in healthcare utilisation.

Management of acute variceal bleeding: updated APASL guidelines.

Acute variceal bleeding (AVB) is a common life-threatening complication of portal hypertension (PHT), having a six-week mortality of 10%-20%. Major advances in the hemodynamic management, risk stratification, pharmacotherapy, endoscopy techniques, hemostatic devices and radiological interventions have led to improved management and outcome of AVB patients in the recent past. Therefore, the APASL Portal Hypertension Working Party, chose a panel of experts, primarily from the Asia-Pacific region, to identify important developments and controversial areas in the field of AVB.

Unravelling Neuronal Death Mechanisms: The Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in Immune Imbalance in Alzheimer's Disease Progression.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, with emerging evidence highlighting the critical roles of cytokines and chemokines in its pathogenesis. Regulated cell death is a highly structured and meticulously coordinated series of molecular and signalling processes involving gene expression and protein activity. This mechanism is essential for normal developmental processes and the preservation of tissue homeostasis.

Middle meningeal artery embolisation in chronic subdural hematoma: A double-edged sword.

Chronic subdural hematoma is essentially managed by surgical intervention. In recent times, middle meningeal artery embolisation has emerged as a less invasive procedure in such cases. The use of fine catheters to selectively embolise the specific involved branches of the middle meningeal artery using polyvinyl alcohol particles looks promising; however, the presence of anastomotic arteries can result in reflux and embolisation of these atypical branches, causing a myriad of complications.