The PEG-coated collagen patch Hemopatch® for hemostasis and dural sealing in neurosurgery.

Background: Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and bleeding are major postoperative complications that increase healthcare system costs. The use of Hemopatch® Sealing Hemostat has been shown to reduce the incidence of such postoperative complications. This technical report aims to provide neurosurgeons with the best recommendations for the effective use of Hemopatch® as a hemostatic and dural sealant in cranial and spinal procedures.

Item selection for the development and validation of a revised classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: MyoROC project.

Objective: A revision of the 2017 EULAR-ACR myositis classification criteria, namely EULAR-ACR funded Myositis Revision of Classification (MyoROC) project, is currently underway involving a large international group of experts. In the first phase of this project, we identified additional items to be tested in the criteria.

Methods: We distributed an electronic survey to International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies (IMACS) members to identify new items.

Post Transplant Membranous Nephropathy: A 10-year Single-Centre Experience.

Membranous nephropathy (MN) post-renal transplant can present as a recurrent or disease, often impacting graft outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed 530 allograft biopsies over 10 years, identifying five MN cases (∼1%): four (0.8%) and one recurrent.

Evaluation of Effectiveness and Tolerability of Saroglitazar in Metabolic Disease Patients of India: A Retrospective, Observational, Electronic Medical Record-Based Real-World Evidence Study.

Background Metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic dyslipidemia (DD), and metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), are significant health challenges in India. This study aims to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and tolerability of saroglitazar (4mg) in Indian adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), DD, and MASLD, focusing on changes in glycemic, lipid, and hepatic biomarkers.  Methods This retrospective study included adult patients with metabolic diseases (≥ 18 years) who were prescribed saroglitazar (4 mg) at baseline and continued therapy at least till the next follow-up visit after 90 days.

Split vs single-dose oral methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial (SMART study).

Objective: Pharmacokinetic evidence suggests split dose of oral methotrexate increases bioavailability, but unproven to improve efficacy. Thus, we planned to compare clinical response of split vs single-dose oral methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: This pragmatic, open-label (blinded assessor) randomized controlled trial was conducted across six university hospitals in India and enrolled patients with seropositive RA with active disease (TJC ≥ 4 and SJC ≥ 2).

Profile of central line-associated bloodstream infections in adult, paediatric, and neonatal intensive care units of hospitals participating in a health-care-associated infection surveillance network in India: a 7-year multicentric study.

Background: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are preventable health-care-associated infections (HAIs) that cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Understanding the epidemiology of CLABSIs through large, quality-assured, hospital-based datasets could help to enable development of preventive protocols suited to specific health-care systems. We aimed to describe the profile of CLABSIs in intensive care units (ICUs) at tertiary care centres in India.

High prevalence of metabolic obesity in India: The ICMR-INDIAB national study (ICMR-INDIAB-23).

Background & objectives While obesity usually produces cardio-metabolic dysfunction, some obese individuals are metabolically healthy, and conversely, some nonobese individuals have significant metabolic dysfunction. This study aims to assess the national prevalence of various obesity subtypes and their association with type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary artery disease (CAD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study. Methods The ICMR-INDIAB study is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 1,13,043 individuals aged ≥20 yr from urban and rural areas across 31 Indian States and Union Territories.

Cancer Incidence and Mortality Across 43 Cancer Registries in India.

Importance: Cancer is a significant global health concern, with India ranking second in Asia and third in the world in terms of cancer incidence. Regular monitoring and updates on cancer statistics are vital for assessing the impact and burden of the disease and the effectiveness of cancer control measures.

Objective: To measure the recent patterns and trends in cancer incidence and mortality across 43 geographic regions in India from 2015 to 2019 and to provide estimates for 2024.

Outcome of acute mesenteric ischaemia in patients with Covid-19 infection.

Data on acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI) in patients with Covid-19 are limited. We studied the clinical profile and outcome of patients presenting and treated for AMI and Covid-19 infection. This retrospective, observational study was done at a single tertiary care centre in India from May 2021 to April 2022.

Policy Approaches to Improve Equitable Access Globally to Kidney Care.

There are substantial inequities both within and between countries in the availability of kidney replacement therapy (KRT), chronic kidney disease care, and a specialized nephrology workforce. Healthcare policies are the foundation for optimal population health and quality health care. In this article, we present 5 country case studies to illustrate how Thailand, Uruguay, India, South Africa, and the United States have made progress in reducing kidney health inequities through healthcare policy change.

A Decade of Prenatal Genetic Diagnostics: Insights From 1949 Cases at a Medical Genetics Facility in South India.

Objective: Our objective was to report on the performance of prenatal diagnostic procedures for genetic testing in a developing country.

Method: This retrospective study involved a review of medical records of women who underwent prenatal diagnostic procedures from 2014 to 2024 at a Medical Genetics facility in South India. Data on the type of procedure, indication for testing, types of tests, outcomes, and complications of procedures were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Prognostic Value of Plasma Lysophosphatidic Acid and CD62P in the Outcome of Ischemic Stroke.

Background And Objectives: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and only 10% of the patients can live their normal lives. As per the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, the incidence of stroke in India is reported to be 1,175,778 (1 076 048 to 1,274,427) per 100000 person-years. A novel biochemical marker that can predict the stroke outcome can reduce morbidity, especially when thrombolysis cannot be done.

Lateral femoral epicondylar osteotomy during total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis with severe correctable intra-articular varus and lateral laxity: A case-report.

We report the management of a 66-year-old man with knee osteoarthritis and severe correctable intra-articular varus secondary to lateral soft-tissue laxity, through total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with lateral femoral epicondylar osteotomy (FEO). Radiologic union was noted at the site of osteotomy 6 months postoperatively. At 3 years' follow-up, the patient's Knee Society clinical and functional scores were 93 and 90, respectively.

An Observational Study on Clinical Insights and Outcome Prediction of Lupus Enteritis in Indian Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients.

Background: Lupus enteritis (LE) is the most common serious gastrointestinal manifestation of SLE. Indian literature on LE is limited, while most of the data comes from China and Western series with recent efforts on developing prediction models for its occurrence & recurrence

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to analyse clinical and laboratory parameters of LE, to compare recurrent versus non-recurrent LE and to identify predictors of its recurrence and mortality.

Method: Patients with LE who were admitted to the Rheumatology ward from 2018-2022 were considered cases.

Performing sentinel lymph node biopsy without a hand-held gamma probe - overcoming hurdles through team work: an analysis of our learning curve over five years.

Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is the standard of care in the management of node negative axilla in breast cancer and in node negative melanomas and penile cancers. The wide spread adoption of this procedure is however, hampered by the availability of the hand-held gamma probe.

Aim: To demonstrate the safety and feasibility of sentinel node biopsy using methylene blue and SPECT CT lymphoscintigraphy.

Neurobiomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury: Comparison of Serum Values Within 24 Hours of Injury With Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Scores in a Prospective Cohort Trial.

Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of morbidity, disability, and mortality across all age groups, presenting both health and socioeconomic challenges globally. Neuroimaging techniques are crucial for assessing TBI, but their availability is often limited. Investing in point-of-care blood biomarkers, such as neurofilament light (NFL) protein and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), may offer more accessible and reliable information on neuronal injury, assisting in clinical evaluation without compromising sensitivity.

50,000 years of evolutionary history of India: Impact on health and disease variation.

India has been underrepresented in genomic surveys. We generated whole-genome sequences from 2,762 individuals in India, capturing the genetic diversity across most geographic regions, linguistic groups, and historically underrepresented communities. We find most Indians harbor ancestry primarily from three ancestral groups: South Asian hunter-gatherers, Eurasian Steppe pastoralists, and Neolithic farmers related to Iranian and Central Asian cultures.

Clinical Perspectives on Amyloidosis in India: A Systematic Literature Review.

Background: Amyloidosis is a condition characterized by deposition of insoluble protein fibrils in tissues, leading to diverse clinical manifestations. There is limited data addressing amyloidosis from India.

Objective: This study aims to systematically review the available clinical data on amyloidosis in India.

Effect of volume control ventilation versus pressure control ventilation with volume-guaranteed mode on intraoperative respiratory mechanics and postoperative pulmonary functions in patients undergoing scoliosis surgery: A randomised control trial.

Background: Posterior spinal fusion surgery for thoracolumbar scoliosis in the prone position, places the patient at high risk of pulmonary complications. The pressure-controlled ventilation volume-guaranteed mode regulates the inspiratory pressure limits to achieve a set tidal volume with the lowest airway pressure. We hypothesised that pressure-controlled ventilation volume-guaranteed mode would result in improved pulmonary mechanics, gas exchange and lower incidence of atelectasis than ventilation volume-guaranteed mode in patients undergoing corrective surgery for scoliosis in the prone position.

Planning Feasibility of an ENT (Otorhinolaryngology) Daycare Surgical Unit with Reference to Return on Investment.

To project return on investments for a private ENT (Ear, nose & throat) autonomous surgical day care unit attached to large academic hospital, as a business model. Prospective, Observational study was conducted at two hospitals - a medical college hospital and a private hospital. Financial revenue generated from both hospitals was computed for a 1-year period.

Unveiling hidden risks: pharmacogenetic insights from a cross-sectional study of statin therapy in the Indian population.

Background: Statin usage has increased significantly in India due to the very high incidence of dyslipidemia, however, approximately 18% of the population is at risk for statin-induced myopathy. Hence, we conducted a population-level screening for pharmacogenetic determinants of statin therapy, particularly Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) and ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2).

Materials And Methods: Whole exome sequencing was performed in 2180 subjects, and the variant data were segregated further into diplotypes and phenotypes.

SATB2 immunohistochemistry in osteosarcoma: Utility in diagnosis and differentiation from histologic mimics.

Background: Diagnostic challenges in osteosarcoma arise in small biopsies with under-representation of the lesion and scant or absent osteoid matrix.

Aim: This study aimed to validate the utility of SATB2 antibody in the diagnosis of osteosarcoma and differentiate it from its histological mimics.

Materials And Methods: A total of 70 histologically proven cases of osteosarcomas and 97 other histological mimics were included in the study.