Insights into Lead Toxicity and Detoxification Mechanisms in the Silkworm, .

, a key lepidopteran model with economic importance, is highly susceptible to environmental heavy metal pollution. This study investigated the mechanisms of Pb toxicity and the associated detoxification and metabolic defense responses in silkworms, employing transcriptome sequencing, enzyme activity assays, and histopathological analysis. Pb exposure caused significant histopathological changes and apoptosis in the fat body, marked by structural disorganization, swollen adipocytes, and degraded extracellular matrix.

De Novo Variant Associated With Juvenile-Onset Temporal Lobe Epilepsy With Favorable Outcomes.

Genetic factors are estimated to contribute to 80% of people with epilepsy. However, only four genes were reported to be associated with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This study is aimed at investigating the association between and TLE.

Innovative Cross-Shaped SRC Column-RC Slab Connection: Experimental Investigation and Finite Element Analysis of Punching Shear Behavior.

Flat slab structures are extensively utilized in modern construction owing to their efficient load transfer mechanisms and optimized space utilization. Nevertheless, the persistent issue of brittle punching shear failure at connection zones continues to pose significant engineering challenges. This study proposes an innovative cross-shaped steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) column-slab connection.

Effect of copper exposure on the silkworm Bombyx mori: Insights into the changes of metabolism, gut microbial composition and gene expression.

Copper (Cu), a trace element with crucial roles in physiological processes, can exert detrimental effects when imbalanced. Despite growing research on Cu's impacts on biota, its effects on terrestrial organisms, particularly insects, at environmental concentrations remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying Cu-induced damage in silkworms (Bombyx mori L.

Correction: Study adsorbents based on bent-Al-CS-CTA and its application to the removal of CR from wastewater.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D4RA00197D.].

Trends in adult physical fitness in China: an analysis of national monitoring reports (2000-2020).

Background/objectives: To summarize the results of China's five national monitoring reports (CFNMR) on physical fitness (PF) for adults. The Government of China has taken a systematic administrative approach to a creative environment building, and has conducted five national physical fitness monitoring, with a sixth already started in 2024.

Methods: CFNMR included indices, rates, test indicators, and questionnaire indicators collected between 2000 and September 2024.

Comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome implicated in the immune response of Procambarus clarkii to Aeromonas hydrophila.

In order to better understand the immune response of Procambarus clarkii to Aeromonas hydrophila injection, the transcriptome data of the gill tissue of P. clarkii were compared and analyzed. 1008 significant DEGs were identified in A.

Discussion on the change rule of different characteristic parameters with depth in expansion soil graben slopes.

Expansive soil due to wet expansion and dry contraction of engineering properties, resulting in the stability of the riffle slope, has been one of the key issues in the expansion of soil area earthworks; this paper, through the three representative riffle slope site field visits and indoor tests, respectively, from the dry bulk weight, unconfined compressive strength, three-way expansion force and expansion with the change rule of the depth of the law to be explored. The three-way expansion force test shows that the extension and proximity direction of the horizontal expansion force are the same. The vertical direction is greater than the horizontal direction, and its ratio is about 0.

An insight into nitrite-induced reproductive toxicity and the alleviation of injury by selenomethionine through activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in Procambarus clarkii.

Nitrite (NIT) is one of the most common toxic compounds in aquaculture. However, the effects of NIT exposure on the reproductive capabilities of aquatic animals remain largely unknown. This study explored the consequences of NIT exposure on the ovarian tissues of Procambarus clarkii and revealed that it significantly reduced ATP content and gonadosomatic index (GSI), causing metabolic imbalance, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, increased oxidative stress, and altered antioxidant enzyme activity.

The efficient green bio-manufacturing of Vitamin K: design, production and applications.

Vitamin K, also known as methylnaphthoquinone, is a crucial fat-soluble nutrient necessary for the human body. The biological production of Vitamin K has received widespread attention due to its environmental friendliness and maneuverability in recent years. This review provides insights into the modular metabolic pathways of Vitamin K, lays the foundation for microbial metabolic flow balancing, cofactor engineering and dynamic regulation, and realizes the production of Vitamin K by synthesizing artificial cells from scratch.

Constructing Ru-CoP Lewis Acid-Base Pairs to Prompt Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Seawater Electrolyte.

Seawater electrolysis is an ideal approach to generating green hydrogen. Nevertheless, the sluggish kinetics of water dissociation and the detrimental chlorine chemistry environment are serious obstructions for industrial applications. Herein, constructing unique (Co) Lewis acid and (Ru-P) base pair sites in Ru-CoP decorated on nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon (Ru-CoP/NPC) significantly optimizes the energy barrier of water dissociation and enhances the anti-corrosive ability for alkaline seawater splitting.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Immune and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in the after Exposure to Ammonia.

As a key species in freshwater aquaculture, was subjected to ammonia stress to assess its impact on the hepatopancreas. A total of 4007 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between control and treatment groups, comprising 1838 upregulated and 2169 downregulated genes. Following exposure to 300 mg/L of ammonia, the oxidative phosphorylation pathway was activated, while the lysosomal pathway was suppressed, thereby influencing immune functions.

Swimtrans Net: a multimodal robotic system for swimming action recognition driven via Swin-Transformer.

Introduction: Currently, using machine learning methods for precise analysis and improvement of swimming techniques holds significant research value and application prospects. The existing machine learning methods have improved the accuracy of action recognition to some extent. However, they still face several challenges such as insufficient data feature extraction, limited model generalization ability, and poor real-time performance.

Transcriptome analysis provides new insight into the mechanism of Bombyx mori under zinc exposure.

Zinc is a significant source of heavy metal pollution that poses risks to both human health and biodiversity. Excessive concentrations of zinc can hinder the growth and development of insects and trigger cell death through oxidative damage. The midgut is the main organ affected by exposure to heavy metals.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in the Silkworm after Exposure to Lead.

Lead (Pb) is a major source of heavy metal contamination, and poses a threat to biodiversity and human health. Elevated levels of Pb can hinder insect growth and development, leading to apoptosis via mechanisms like oxidative damage. The midgut of silkworms is the main organ exposed to heavy metals.

Effect of fatty acids on intracellular pneumocandin B storage in the fermentation of Glarea lozoyensis.

The natural product pneumocandin B is the precursor of the antifungal drug caspofungin. To explore the relationship between pneumocandin B and oil. We found that the addition of 1 g/L of oil to the fermentation medium is more conducive to the production of pneumocandin B.

Bamboo fiber reinforced poly (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic)/chlorinated polyethylene via compabilization.

In the quest to enhance the performance of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites, achieving optimal dispersion of fiber materials within a polymeric matrix has been identified as a key strategy. Traditional approaches, such as the surface modification of natural fibers, often necessitate the use of additional synthetic chemical processes, presenting a significant challenge. In this work, taking poly (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic) (ASA) and bamboo fiber (BF) as a model system, we attempt to use the elastomer-chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) as a compatibilizer to tailor the mechanical properties of ASA/CPE/BF ternary composites.

[Effect of Tween 20 on enhancing extracellular polysaccharide synthesis by NX-11].

NX-11 exopolysaccharide (PAPS) is a novel microbial biostimulant that enhances crop resistance to salt and drought stress. It is biodegradable and holds promising applications in improving agricultural yield and efficiency. However, the fermentation process of PAPS exhibits a high viscosity due to low oxygen transfer efficiency, which hinders yield improvement and downstream processing.

A temperature-adjustable infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system for catalysts.

We introduce an innovative infrared diffuse reflection rapid detection system, endowed with a temperature regulation function. This system is adept at conducting rapid infrared spectra scanning as well as simulating the catalytic environment of diverse reaction systems. The infrared absorption spectra of four kinds of Pt-based catalysts under vacuum conditions across a wide temperature spectrum ranging from -180 to 300 °C are obtained and analysed through IR correlation spectroscopy.

Interfacial Co-O-Cu bonds prompt electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia in neutral electrolyte.

In this work, the formed interfacial Co-O-Cu bonds in Co-doped Cu(OH) (Co-Cu(OH)) sufficiently expose active sites and improve the reaction kinetics. As a result, the optimal Co-Cu(OH) provides an amazing faradaic efficiency (91.6%), high selectivity (93.

Progress in construction and release of natural polysaccharide-platinum nanomedicines: A review.

Natural polysaccharides are natural biomaterials that have become candidate materials for nano-drug delivery systems due to their excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility. Platinum (Pt) drugs have been widely used in the clinical therapy for various solid tumors. However, their extensive systemic toxicity and the drug resistance acquired by cancer cells limit the applications of platinum drugs.

Localized Ligands Assist Ultrafast Multivalent-Cation Intercalation Pseudocapacitance.

Rechargeable batteries based on multivalent cation (Mv , n>1) carriers are considered potentially low-cost alternatives to lithium-ion batteries. However, the high charge-density Mv carriers generally lead to sluggish kinetics and poor structural stability in cathode materials. Herein, we report an Mv storage via intercalation pseudocapacitance mechanism in a 2D bivalve-like organic framework featured with localized ligands.

Cinacalcet exhibits rapid bactericidal and efficient anti-biofilm activities against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens.

Infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria pose a serious threat to global public health. Drug resistance, dormant persister cells, and biofilm formation are the key challenges affecting the efficacy of antibiotics against Gram-positive bacterial infections. In this study, cinacalcet exhibited good inhibitory activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 3.