Advancements in Chitosan and Cellulose Nanoparticles for Stem Cell-Based Tissue Engineering.

Stem cell-based tissue engineering offers transformative solutions for regenerating damaged tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and neural tissues. Chitosan and cellulose nanoparticles have emerged as promising biomaterials for enhancing stem cell delivery and scaffold performance due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunable properties. Chitosan, with its antimicrobial and bioadhesive properties, supports stem cell adhesion and differentiation in soft tissue scaffolds.

Ferroptosis and non-coding RNAs in breast cancer: insights into CAF and TAM interactions.

Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides, has emerged as a crucial player in cancer biology, particularly in breast cancer. This review article explores the intricate regulation of ferroptosis by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) within the breast cancer tumor microenvironment (TME). We delve into the mechanisms through which various classes of ncRNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, modulate the ferroptotic response in breast cancer cells.

Enhancement solar dryer performance and collector efficiency of paraffin PCM/copper fin featured solar dryer.

The increasing adoption of renewable solar energy sources offers significant opportunities for sustainable energy applications due to their economic benefits and the conservation of natural resources with eco-friendly and reduced drying time. Solar dryers play an important role in drying agricultural products; however, it found the challenges of heat loss, instability in varying weather conditions, and limited efficiency during periods of insufficient solar radiation. This study aims to enhance the thermal performance of solar dryers that incorporate paraffin phase change material (PCM) into a fin collector absorber for drying agricultural products, specifically banana and potato slices cut to 2 mm thickness.

Influence of Ligand's Electronic Effect vs Temperature on Solvent Free Catalytic CO Fixation and Noncovalent Interactions in Molecular Architecture of Zn-Complexes.

A series of mononuclear bis-ligated Zn(II) octahedral complexes [Zn(L)] (Zn), [Zn(L)] (Zn), [Zn(L)] (Zn), and [Zn(L)] (Zn) have been synthesized using tridentate N/N/N donors, maleonitrile tethered, half-reduced Schiff base ligands, ((2-(benzylamino)-3-((E)-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)amino)maleonitrile) derivatives, HL, HL, HL and HL). All the compounds were well characterized by spectroscopy and structurally. The noncovalent interactions present in the lattice of Zn-complexes were studied in detail to explain the origin of molecular architecture using Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis.

A unified multifield formulation for analysis of a sandwich graphene origami reinforced composite curved structure.

The present paper investigates influence of the graphene origami's characteristics and multi-load of piezoelectric materials on the frequency responses of a sandwich curved composed of a Graphene Origami (Gori) reinforced core. The Gori reinforced core is sandwiched with piezoelectric/piezomagnetic layers. A novel higher-order flexible model with thickness stretch-ability is employed for extension of the kinematic relations.

Exploring SLAMF5/CD84 in Cancer: Advancing the Frontiers of Tumor Immunology.

The Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule (SLAM) family receptors play essential roles in regulating immune cell activation, differentiation, and communication. SLAMF5, also known as CD84, has drawn increasing attention in cancer immunology due to its involvement in both tumor progression and immune modulation. This review explores the expression patterns, signaling mechanisms, and functional roles of SLAMF5/CD84 within the tumor microenvironment.

Advancement in modeling of Alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive review of preclinical screening platforms.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative condition that worsens with time and causes memory loss and cognitive impairment. For prompt intervention and management of AD, early detection is essential. Screening models play a crucial role in identifying individuals at risk of developing AD before the onset of noticeable clinical symptoms.

The effects of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on T lymphocytes: From autoimmune diseases to cancer.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are the microbial metabolites that have significant functions in host immune modulation, especially T lymphocyte function. Implication by recent evidence indicates SCFAs regulate T-cell growth, differentiation, metabolism, effector function, and apoptosis through histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition, G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, and metabolic reprogramming processes. Butyrate, for example, enhances regulatory T cell (Treg) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10)-producing T helper 1 (Th1) cell differentiation as well as context-dependent regulation on T helper 17 (Th17) cell development.

Developing a urea biosensor and safe blood cleaning method utilizing a novel high throughput La-doped CeO nanosized artificial urease with high biocompatibility and enzyme-like activity.

Herein, a urea biosensor and safe blood cleaning method utilizing a novel high throughput La-doped CeO nanosized artificial urease with high biocompatibility and enzyme-like activity were developed. The urease-like activity, stability composition, morphological characteristics, size, biocompatibility, and crystalline characteristics of the artificial urease were assessed. Considering its high urease-like activity, it is applied for both urea biosensing and safe blood cleaning.

Enhancing cellulose-rich polylactic acid (PLA)-rice residue-reinforced sustainable biocomposites: Influence of chemical pretreatments on strengthening the thermomechanical properties of biocomposite materials.

A systematic study was conducted to optimize chemical pretreatments of rice husk (RH) and rice straw (RS) fibers for reinforcing polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites. Using a Central Composite Design (CCD), the effects of NaOH, HCl, and H₂SO₄ treatments were evaluated over a range of concentration (0.35 to 0.

Understanding the influence of TLR-mediated immune system on necroptosis-induced neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.

Neurodegeneration is a hallmark of various neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), stroke, and neurotropic viral infections. Although the precise etiology remains unclear, multiple pathological mechanisms contribute to disease progression, including mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation, calcium excitotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, immune system activation, and neuroinflammation. Among these, the immune response plays a crucial role in disease pathogenesis, acting as a defense mechanism against damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and toxic molecular species.

From cell cycle control to cancer therapy: exploring the role of CDK1 and CDK2 in tumorigenesis.

The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family comprises one of the most common types of serine/threonine kinases responsible for controlling many cellular processes through the action of the dynamics of these enzymes. The CDKs are regulators of cellular processes, ranging from cell cycle progression, an integral step of cellular lifespan involved in its division and growth, to the expression of genes and the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA. CDK-related pathology is primarily based on the dysregulation of CDK, resulting in improper coordination of the cell cycle and leading to uncontrolled proliferation.

CircRNA-Based Therapeutics: a New Frontier in Neuroinflammation Treatment.

Neuroinflammation is a complicated and multifactorial reaction in the central nervous system (CNS) that contributes to the pathophysiology of many neurological illnesses, such as neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injury. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified to play important regulatory roles in neuroinflammatory diseases, making for novel therapeutic concerns. This review provides an overview of recent studies targeting the modulation of circRNA to aid in neuroinflammation, utilizing both silencing and overexpression strategies to facilitate possible neuron protection from neuroinflammatory insults.

Natural bioactive compounds as modulators of autophagy: A herbal approach to the management of neurodegenerative diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Polyglutamine (polyQ), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease are a significant health concern that affects millions of people every year worldwide. The main pathological hallmark of various NDs is the formation of misfolded protein aggregation and accumulation of inclusion bodies. These protein aggregates are mainly responsible for producing toxic effects and initiating neuronal cell death, ultimately promoting various NDs.

Stromal reprogramming in solid tumors by nanoparticles: A review.

The field of tumor stromal reprogramming utilizing nanoparticles is rapidly advancing and shows immense potential in cancer treatment. The stroma has a critical position in tumor expansion and therapy resistance, with tumor stromal cells being vital components. Nanoparticles have materialized as a powerful tool for precisely delivering various products, drugs, and gene therapies to these cells, enabling precise modulation of this environment.

Evaluation and DFT Analysis of In Vitro Anticancer Activity of , , and Plant Extracts in Colorectal Cancer.

: Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths today. Crucial research continues for the ideal chemotherapy. In this context, natural compounds of plant origin play an important role in the development of new anticancer drugs.

Reliable estimation via hybrid gradient boosting machine for mud loss volume in drilling operations.

Mud loss during drilling operations poses a significant problem in the oil and gas industry due to its contributions to increased costs and operational risks. This study aims to develop a reliable predictive model for mud loss volume using machine learning techniques to improve drilling efficiency and reduce non-productive time. The dataset consists of 949 field records from Middle Eastern drilling sites, incorporating variables such as borehole diameter, drilling fluid viscosity, mud weight, solid content, and pressure differential.

Recent advances in the bioremediation of wastewater pollutants by using bacterial magnetic nanoparticles and magnetotactic bacteria.

The potential of bacterial magnetic nanoparticles and magnetotactic bacteria has increased significantly in wastewater treatment. Magnetotactic bacteria and their magnetosomes exhibit unique magnetic and structural properties that facilitate the efficient removal of pollutants, including heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, and radionuclides. Unlike chemically synthesized nanoparticles, bacterial magnetosomes are biocompatible, recyclable, and can be manipulated using external magnetic fields, making them suitable for repeated use in treatment systems.

Exosomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review of Current Research and Future Directions.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common form of liver cancer that is deadly and offers limited possible treatment options. This short review explored the role of exosomes (small vesicles released by cells) in HCC as either diagnostic or therapeutic possibilities. Exosomes facilitate tumour growth by carrying tumour-supportive material to promote angiogenesis and metastasis.

Molecular regulation by ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) in HCC: cell cycle, oncogenic signaling, and beyond.

Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) are a large family of deubiquitinating enzymes that all serve the important function of removing ubiquitin moieties from target proteins, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis. Post-translational modifications, including ubiquitin modifications, play a crucial role in regulating protein stability, localization, and function, thereby profoundly influencing cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and the response to DNA damage. Increasingly extensive evidence indicates that altered USP activity creates dysfunction of these fundamental cellular pathways and initiates and promotes multiple cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Four-hour voiding observation: Normative data from term Indian neonates.

Background: The four-hour voiding observation is an important non-invasive urodynamic test for infants and young children before toilet training. The study was performed to generate normative data for term Indian neonates.

Methods: The study was a descriptive study performed in the Department of Paediatrics of a secondary care hospital in South India with patients having nationwide representation from August 2018 to August 2020.

Interplay between circadian rhythm, ageing and neurodegenerative disorder.

Circadian rhythm, as a homeostatic tool of biological life, plays a vital role in regulating human physiology, metabolism, endocrinology, and emotional and cognitive behaviour. A disrupted circadian rhythm, marked by age-related alterations such as decreased variation in sleep-wake patterns and instability in the timing of these patterns, can worsen age-related problems such as increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Advancing age is associated with anomalies in the redox balance, gradual alterations in physiological functions and deregulation of various metabolic pathways.

Quercetin as a multi-targeted therapeutic agent in breast cancer: molecular targets and therapeutic potential.

Breast cancer is a worldwide serious health issue with constantly recurring issues of drug resistance, toxicity, and recurrence. These limitations have prompted research on various drug compounds, particularly those derived from plants. Quercetin is one such compound, a flavonol dietary component.

The Significance of Prolonged Physical Activity in Neurogenesis and Neural Regeneration: Comparing Clinical Studies With Proposed AI-Based Framework.

Background: Adult neurogenesis is the biological process whereby neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiate into neurons and glial cells in specific areas of the adult brain. Impairments in neurogenesis may lead to many complications, including neurodegenerative illnesses and psychiatric problems. In the adult brain, new neurons are generated from neural stem or progenitor cells (NPCs) through a meticulously controlled process that governs both cell proliferation and the specification of neuronal identity.