Advancements in Chitosan and Cellulose Nanoparticles for Stem Cell-Based Tissue Engineering.

Stem cell-based tissue engineering offers transformative solutions for regenerating damaged tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and neural tissues. Chitosan and cellulose nanoparticles have emerged as promising biomaterials for enhancing stem cell delivery and scaffold performance due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunable properties. Chitosan, with its antimicrobial and bioadhesive properties, supports stem cell adhesion and differentiation in soft tissue scaffolds.

Insights Into the Almond Domestication History.

Understanding crop domestication offers crucial insights into the evolutionary processes that drive population divergence and adaptation. It also informs the identification of genetically diverse wild germplasm, which is essential for breeding and conservation efforts. While domestication has been extensively studied in many Mediterranean fruit trees, the evolutionary history of the almond () remains comparatively underexplored.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic tumors: Current status and future perspectives.

Pancreatic neoplasms present a significant therapeutic challenge due to their complex anatomy and poor prognosis. In recent years, endoscopic ultrasound guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) has emerged as a promising minimally invasive therapeutic option, aiming to provide targeted treatment with improved patients' outcomes. This review aims to shed light on current evidence about the efficacy, safety, and clinical outcomes of EUS-RFA in the management of pancreatic neoplasms.

Improved optical characteristics of PEO polymer integrated with graphene oxide.

In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized via a modified low-temperature Hummer's method and incorporated into a poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) matrix to fabricate PEO/GO nanocomposite thin films using a casting technique. This work explores how GO incorporation affects the structural and optical properties of PEO, with emphasis on its suitability for optical switching and other optoelectronic applications. The films were prepared with varying GO concentrations and characterized using XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and other standard techniques.

Paediatric digestive endoscopy: From conventional endoscopy to endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Digestive endoscopy is widely performed in clinical practice, including in children, and has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of many gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Interventional procedures are increasingly utilized, particularly for hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases. However, only a limited number of gastroenterologists are trained and experienced to perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound in pediatric patients.

THE IMPACT OF DISEASE-MODIFYING MEDICATIONS ON THE LIPID PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE.

Background: Ischemic heart diseases (IHD) refer to narrowing of coronary artery resulting in partial or complete stenosis making patients susceptible to myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke challenging the healthcare provider due to high risk of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was directed to identify the role various disease-modifying medications (DMMs) in the treatment of IHD-associated risk factors, including statins, sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT2) inhibitors, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors.

Methods: A total of 500 patients recruited from multicentre were enrolled in this randomized controlled clinical trial.

THE IMPACT OF HYALURONIC ACID ON GINGIVITIS AND PERIODONTAL HEALTH.

Gingivitis is a reversible inflammatory condition of the gingival tissues, primarily initiated by microbial plaque accumulation. The present study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of 1% hyaluronic acid (HA) gel as an adjuvant remedy to standard scaling and polishing procedures (SPP) in the management of gingivitis. Twenty systemically healthy adults diagnosed with gingivitis were randomly assigned into two parallel groups (n = 10 each).

Effects of planting date and zinc oxide nano fertilizer on growth and yield of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) in two agroecological zones.

This study examined how using zinc oxide, time, and place of planting influence important biochemical and physiological characteristics that affect crop yield. Zinc is an essential micronutrient that increases enzyme activity, regulates plant hormones, and enhances stress tolerance under varying environmental conditions, so it is important to supplement with zinc. The results of the study found that the optimum planting time (October), seed yield is highest with moderate zinc oxide levels (2.

Influence of Various Chelating Irrigating Solutions and Protocols on the Micro-hardness and Surface Roughness of Root Dentin.

Aim: Effective irrigants and chemo-mechanical debridement are critical for successful endodontic therapy. However, use of irrigating solutions can significantly alter the physical properties of root canal dentin, particularly its micro-hardness (MH) and surface roughness (SR). This study evaluated and compared the effects of three final chelating irrigants-0.

An improved mathematical model for hypothetical oil reservoir for optimum oil recovery using magnetic nanomaterials.

In the oil and gas industry, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) strategies for unconventional reservoirs, characterized by complex geometries, differ significantly from those used in conventional reservoirs. This research focuses on the impact of 3D hexagonal prism geometries on EOR in hypothetical oil reservoirs using silicon dioxide (SiO₂) magnetic nanoparticles under liquid-phase flow conditions, a topic not extensively explored in existing literature. We developed an improved magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mathematical models to simulate oil recovery processes in these geometries, using ANSYS Fluent for finite volume analysis.

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Background: Plummer-Vinson syndrome (PVS) is a rare disorder characterized by post-cricoid dysphagia, iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and upper esophageal web formation. Despite its clinical significance and potential progression to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), data on PVS remain limited. This study aims to analyze the demographic, clinical, imaging characteristics, and treatment outcomes of PVS across multiple centers.

Deciphering autophagy signaling in cancer: A paradigm shift from molecular classifications to clinical innovations.

The intracellular breakdown process known as autophagy occurs when cells experience adverse conditions, such as organelle damage, the presence of abnormal proteins, hypoxia stress, low energy levels, or nutritional deprivation. The autophagic process begins by forming autophagosomes, which then merge with lysosomes to recycle degraded materials. Autophagy functions in multiple ways to affect cancer development and treatment outcomes.

From cell cycle control to cancer therapy: exploring the role of CDK1 and CDK2 in tumorigenesis.

The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family comprises one of the most common types of serine/threonine kinases responsible for controlling many cellular processes through the action of the dynamics of these enzymes. The CDKs are regulators of cellular processes, ranging from cell cycle progression, an integral step of cellular lifespan involved in its division and growth, to the expression of genes and the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA. CDK-related pathology is primarily based on the dysregulation of CDK, resulting in improper coordination of the cell cycle and leading to uncontrolled proliferation.

Epidemiological profile of substance abuse in Iraq: Retrospective study.

Background: The excessive and prolonged use of any relevant material is known as substance abuse. The study's objective is to determine the epidemiology of substance abuse's growth in Iraq over the 4 years between 2020 and 2023.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was applied for the purpose of collecting the sample, as the study was epidemiological and related to substance abuse among Iraqis for 4 years from the beginning of 2020 to 2023.

mRNA vaccines for gastrointestinal cancers: a paradigm shift in treatment.

Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are notable for their high global health burden, bringing the toll of more than two million deaths every year and the evolution of the treatment paradigm. In this review, we discuss mRNA-based vaccines as an emerging treatment modality for both of these cancers and their transformative potential. We discuss the rapid development of mRNA as a platform technology, focusing on its unique versatility for customizable neoantigen targeting, its promising safety history, and its anticipated role in the field of immuno-oncology for the future.

Eco-Friendly Approaches to Low-Calorie Jam Formulation Using Tomato Waste: An Innovative and Sustainable Strategy.

This study developed a low-caloric jam using tomato peels and pomace and characterized their antioxidant properties. Extracts were obtained using water, ethanol, and methanol solvents at 55°C for 30, 60, and 90 min. Antioxidant analysis revealed that ethanol was the most effective solvent, followed by methanol and water.

Navigating Cellular Stress: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response in the Molecular Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide, characterized by a complex and not yet fully understood pathophysiology. This paper examines the increasingly important roles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the pathogenesis of PE. The ER, vital for protein folding, calcium homeostasis, and lipid synthesis, responds to cellular stressors via the UPR pathway.

CircRNA-Based Therapeutics: a New Frontier in Neuroinflammation Treatment.

Neuroinflammation is a complicated and multifactorial reaction in the central nervous system (CNS) that contributes to the pathophysiology of many neurological illnesses, such as neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injury. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified to play important regulatory roles in neuroinflammatory diseases, making for novel therapeutic concerns. This review provides an overview of recent studies targeting the modulation of circRNA to aid in neuroinflammation, utilizing both silencing and overexpression strategies to facilitate possible neuron protection from neuroinflammatory insults.

Gemifloxacin ameliorates acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis via modulation of inflammatory, oxidative, and adhesive biomarkers and histopathological changes in rats.

Ulcerative colitis is a Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by mucosal damage, oxidative stress, and elevated inflammatory mediators, necessitating innovative strategies. While sulfasalazine remains a standard treatment, alternative agents with dual antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects are of growing interest. The goal of this study is to determine the ameliorative impact of gemifloxacin in comparison to sulfasalazine on inflammatory, oxidative, and histopathological alterations in a rat model of experimentally evoked ulcerative colitis.

THE INFLUENCE OF COCONUT OIL ON GINGIVITIS FOR 18-22 YEARS OLD DENTAL STUDENTS.

Aim: To find the efficacy of virgin coconut oil mouthwash on gingivitis in 18-22 years old dental students.to compare the efficacy between once or twice daily wash and also to compare the efficacy between males and females.

Methods: This study was undertaken in Mosul city during the academic year 2023-2024.

Evaluation of Endoscopic Cartilage Myringoplasty Using Push-Through Technique.

Endoscopic push-through cartilage myringoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure for repairing tympanic membrane perforations that eliminates the requirement for canal wall incision and tympanomeatal flap elevation. The study aims to evaluate hearing improvement, graft uptake rate, operative time, and the need for postoperative analgesia in cartilage myringoplasty using push-through technique. This case series study included twenty-eight patients with different sizes of tympanic membrane perforations who underwent cartilage myringoplasty by push-through technique.

Assessment of Cancer biomarkers and biochemical parameters across breast Cancer stages: Correlation with age and comorbidities.

Background And Objectives: Breast cancer is a public health concern that threatens women globally. The study aimed to examine the levels of Interleukin-10 (IL-10), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), along with various biochemical parameters (ferritin, hemoglobin (Hb), glutathione (GSH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) at different stages of breast cancer patients. Secondly, to determine the effects of patients' ages and comorbidity on the levels of IL-10 and CEA.

Innovative Approaches to Training in Evidence-Based Neurology.

Background: The training of clinical neurology trainees is an extensive process that requires mastery of core medical sciences alongside the integration of evidence-based clinical practice (EBCP). However, education in neurology and neurosurgery has not kept pace with the growing emphasis on EBCP across various medical specialties.

Objective: This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of innovative training methods in enhancing the teaching and application of evidence-based neurology (EBN) among clinical neurology trainees.

MATERNAL AND NEONATAL OUTCOME ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF ANESTHESIA DURING CAESAREAN SECTION.

Background: The rate of caesarean section has been increased globally all over the world and the type of anesthesia can affect both maternal and fetal health. For years the general anesthesia has been used as a method of choice during caesarean section with many complications especially in emergency caesarean section, were as spinal anesthesia, a type of regional anesthesia, that has been tried in the last two decades may provide anesthesia without these complication.

Methods: A prospective randomized cohort study, performed in women health private hospital between Sep.

THE EFFECT OF SOFT ROBOTIC GLOVE ON THE FLEXION AND EXTENSION OF HAND FOR STROKE PATIENTS: A CLINICAL TRIAL.

Background: Stroke defined by diminished cerebral blood flow, results in brain damage and neurological impairments. It often leads to considerable difficulties, such as limited mobility and compromised hand function, usually manifesting as a weakening in the ability to open and shut the hand.

Objective: The study evaluates the differences between opening and closing hands when utilizing a soft robot.