Oxidation and Corrosion Evaluation of β‑NiAl Coatings Deposited onto Pure Nickel and Superalloy Substrates.

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) play a crucial role in protecting aeroengine turbine blades in high-temperature environments. An essential component in these multilayer systems is the bond coat, which guarantees the adhesion of the ceramic topcoat and superalloys. This study employs a high-activity pack aluminizing method to form a coating.

Synthetic Orthopantomography Image Generation Using Generative Adversarial Networks for Data Augmentation.

Objective: To overcome the scarcity of annotated dental X-ray datasets, this study presents a novel pipeline for generating high-resolution synthetic orthopantomography (OPG) images using customized generative adversarial networks (GANs).

Methods: A total of 4777 real OPG images were collected from clinical centres in Pakistan, Thailand, and the U.S.

Processing and Characterization of Aerospace Composites for Advanced Radome Applications.

This research presents the development and characterization of innovative composite materials for aerospace radome applications. Radomes, which protect radar and antenna systems in hostile environmental conditions, must maintain structural integrity while minimizing signal attenuation, especially in the high-frequency Ku-band (10-14.5 GHz).

Conformal Patterns in the Growth of Human Skulls.

In 1917, over a century ago, D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson published his groundbreaking book "On Growth and Form", in which he proposed various mathematical transformations between the shapes of organisms. This paper explores one of the transformations he suggested the conformal pattern-specifically in the context of the ontogenetic growth of human skulls. We applied two alternative algorithms to construct conformal transformations and used them to investigate the growth of human skulls.

Subnational malaria burden in Sindh, Pakistan: over a decade of evidence for tailored strategies.

Background: Accurate estimates of malaria burden are crucial for allocating resources and designing effective control strategies. However, global reports often underestimate the burden in low- and middle-income countries, especially beyond the African region. This study addresses this gap by providing a longitudinal time-series analysis of malaria burden and spatio-temporal distribution in Sindh province, Pakistan.

A novel approach to urease inhibition and antioxidant therapeutics by using AgNPs-doped TiONPs stabilized by short chain pyrazole carbothioamide derivatives.

This study details our approach to the synthesis, characterization and applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiONPs). Prior to doping both the nanoparticles AgNPs and TiONPs were stabilized by a new small chain 5-(3-Nitrophenyl) Hydrazono-2-Pyridine-4,5-Dihydro-1H-Pyrazole-1-Thioamide (PDPC). The PDPC's small alkyl chain demonstrated efficient modulation over the growth dynamics and structural characteristics of AgNPs doped TiO2NPs system.

Cellulose nanofibers as anti-sagging agents in water-based drilling fluids.

To maintain wellbore stability and counteract the high formation pressure in oil and gas wells, barite is widely used as a weighting agent in high-density water-based drilling fluids. However, under high-temperature formation conditions, barite particles tend to settle, leading to barite sag, which compromises drilling efficiency, increases operational risks, and jeopardizes well integrity. Herein, three types of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), i.

How mode of evacuation, roadway environment, and traffic conditions relate to injury severity score? Untangling the role of pre-hospital time in road crashes.

This study explores the effects of some of the key factors, including emergency response measures, roadway and environment, traffic-related attributes, and crash-specific factors, on the Injury Severity Score (ISS) of Road Traffic Crashes' (RTCs) victims, both directly and through pre-hospital time (PHT), using rigorous path analysis. Data for 298,654 crashes, compiled by the Road Traffic Injury Research and Prevention Center (RTIRPC) in Karachi (Pakistan), were used for analyses. Owing to the corner-solution distribution of the response variables (PHT and ISS), two Tobit regression models are estimated after accounting for missing values through synthetic data generation.

Identification of the seven critical residues that control ZIKV-DENV cross-reactivity to engineer a non-cross-reactive ZIKV vaccine.

The development of a Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine is complicated by the high homology between ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV) envelope (E) proteins, resulting in immunological cross-reactivity that can exacerbate disease through antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Here, we screen 121 anti-DENV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for cross-reactivity with ZIKV E proteins. We identify 70 cross-reactive mAbs, 66 of which have epitopes that included at least one of seven E protein residues conserved among DENV1-DENV4 and ZIKV (R73, E79, W101, L107, F108, K110, and W212), establishing these residues as the key determinants of DENV-ZIKV cross-reactivity.

Thermodynamic analysis and intelligent modeling of statin drugs solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide.

Evaluating the solubility of various drugs in supercritical CO is a fundamental step in developing a supercritical process for formulating new pharmaceuticals. Atorvastatin, Lovastatin, and Simvastatin are statin drugs with limited solubility and low bioavailability. Their solubility in supercritical CO has already been experimentally measured.

Integrated Spatial Mapping and Arsenic Remediation for Improved Groundwater Quality in Larkana.

Groundwater quality in Larkana, Pakistan, was comprehensively assessed using a systematic grid-based approach ( = 112), standardized American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)/American Public Health Association (APHA) methods, and advanced GIS techniques. Key physicochemical parameters were measured, with pH values ranging from 6.8 to 8.

PRMT5:MEP50 Are Mediators of Treatment-Induced Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Prostate Cancer.

Background: Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a lethal subtype of prostate cancer responsible for an estimated 20%-30% of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) deaths. While NEPC can arise spontaneously, the majority of these cases emerge as treatment-induced NEPC (tNEPC). Our clinical and computational analyses identified increased expression of protein methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and its cofactor methylosome protein 50 (MEP50) in tNEPC.

The potential of machine learning to personalized medicine in Neurogenetics: Current trends and future directions.

Neurogenetic disorders (NeD) are a group of neurological conditions resulting from inherited genetic defects. By affecting the normal functioning of the nervous system, these diseases lead to serious problems in movement, cognition, and other body functions. In recent years, machine learning (ML) approaches have proven highly effective, enabling the analysis and processing of vast amounts of medical data.

An enzyme-responsive hydrogel functionalized with mesoporous silica nanoparticles for co-delivery of cisplatin and shRNA to overcome chemotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer.

Chemoresistance poses a critical challenge in cancer therapy across diverse tumor types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where chemotherapy-induced neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of tumor cells plays a pivotal role in acquiring treatment resistance. This process significantly reduces chemotherapy efficacy, accelerates tumor progression, and ultimately worsens patient survival outcomes. The complex mechanisms underlying chemoresistance involve multiple factors, including enhanced DNA repair pathways, increased drug efflux capacity, and alterations in gene expression.

Photobiomodulation effects of 808 nm and 915 nm diode lasers on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of Buccal fat pad stem cells.

Aim: Photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) is a promising adjunct in tissue engineering due to its ability to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation. This study evaluated the effects of PBM on buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (BFPSCs) using two diode laser wavelengths.

Methods: BFPSCs were divided into seven groups: six received laser irradiation and one served as control.

Survival strategies of imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa: a comparative analysis of surface-bound biofilms and unbound aggregates.

This study investigated imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) isolates recovered from various ready-to-eat food items. Isolates were identified as P.

Cellulose Nanofibers and Xanthan Gum as Stabilizers in Pickering Foam Drilling Fluids for Enhanced Coalbed Methane Development.

The growing global energy demand has elevated coalbed methane (CBM) as a crucial unconventional energy source, yet its efficient extraction faces challenges like low formation pressure and borehole instability. Foam drilling fluids, offering advantages such as low density, reduced reservoir damage, and effective cuttings transport, are hindered by thermodynamic instability under complex geological conditions. This study explores the development of a novel Pickering foam drilling fluid for CBM extraction, utilizing dodecyl dimethyl betaine (BS-12) and α-olefin sulfonate (AOS) as foaming agents, and mechanically disintegrated cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with xanthan gum (XG) as stabilizers.

Physicomechanical Properties of Tissue Conditioner Reinforced with Glass Fibers.

Tissue conditioners are temporary lining materials applied to dentures to soothe and cushion inflamed or traumatized oral tissues, typically resulting from ill-fitting dentures. This laboratory study aimed to evaluate the physicomechanical properties of a clinical tissue conditioner with 0.5 and 1 wt.

Novel Crown Ether-Functionalized Fusidic Acid Butyl Ester: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, In Silico ADMET, and Molecular Docking Studies.

Crown ethers have gained importance in the field of medicine because of their resemblance to natural ionophores like valinomycin. With the goal of developing new pharmacologically important crown ethers, a novel series of crown ethers linked with Fusidic acid butyl ester - were synthesized and characterized by means of their H NMR, C NMR DEPT-135, FT-IR, and mass spectrometry. In vitro antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition activities of all crown ethers along with the precursor Fusidic acid butyl ester were examined and compared to the standard butylated hydroxyanisole and acarbose, respectively.

Fuzzy quantum machine learning (FQML) logic for optimized disease prediction.

Quantum computing, based on quantum mechanics, has evolved due to the cross-pollination of concepts, methods, and strategies. The fusion of quantum computing with machine learning (ML) algorithms has shown satisfactory results in the case of low dimensionality spaces. However, in high dimensionality spaces, the computational complexity increases, thus leading to average accuracy and computation time.

Characteristics of Friction Stir Welding of 3 mm thick ABS and PC thermoplastic polymers: An experimental approach.

The utilization of thermoplastics is extensively prevalent in modern industrial sectors owing to their distinctive mechanical features. Friction stir welding is recognized as a distinctive joining technology that addresses the weaknesses of heat-induced fusion welding. This friction-stirred solid-state welding technology can be effectively employed to join various difficult-to-weld polymeric materials.

Enhanced vehicle localization with low-cost sensor fusion for urban 3D mapping.

This research paper presents the design and development of an indigenous low cost Mobile Mapping System (MMS) for urban surveying applications. The MMS is comprised of economical Hokuyo-30LX 2D laser scanners, vision sensors, Global Positioning System (GPS) and various odometric sensors that can be installed on car like moving platform. The run time sensorial data is interfaced, processed and recorded using Robot Operating System (ROS).

Microbial Community Structure of Mesophilic and Low-temperature Partial Nitrification-anammox Reactors: Distribution and Functional Roles of the Core Microbiome.

Microbial community structures in mesophilic and low-temperature anammox and partial nitrification-anammox reactors were exami-ned by a 16S rRNA-gene amplicon sequencing ana-lysis. The anammox bacterium, Jettenia sp., was dominant, and nitrifying bacteria, including Nitrosomonas sp.

Does Play a Role in Parkinson's Disease Susceptibility Across Diverse Ancestral Populations?

Background: The catechol-O-methyltransferase () gene is involved in brain catecholamine metabolism, but its association with Parkinson's disease (PD) risk remains unclear.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between genetic variants and PD risk across diverse ancestries.

Methods: We analyzed variants in 2,251 PD patients and 2,835 controls of European descent using whole-genome sequencing from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership-Parkinson Disease (AMP-PD), along with 20,427 PD patients and 11,837 controls from 10 ancestries using genotyping data from the Global Parkinson's Genetics Program (GP2).

Level-Set field re-initialization: A computational model with finite element method on complicated domains.

This paper introduces a proficient re-initialization method for the Level-Set (LS) field with the Finite Element Method (FEM) framework on unstructured meshes. The technique can retain the LS field's signed distance (SD) property but exploits the Eulerian-Lagrange multiplier technique. The scheme is based on geometric re-initialization and integrated with the FEM to higher-degree polynomials on complex domains.