Quinic acid and its derivatives protect against phytohaemagglutinin-induced Alzheimer's-like neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by down-regulating p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia with a complex pathobiology. The clinically approved treatments against AD attempt to provide only symptomatic relief. Therefore, the current findings highlighted the neuroprotective effect and the potential signaling mechanism of quinic acid (1) and its amide derivatives (2-4) against phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced neurotoxicity.

Natural Products, Synthesis, and Biological Activities of Quinolines (2020-2024).

Quinoline is a biologically important bicyclic scaffold found in many natural products and medicinally relevant molecules. Quinoline-containing compounds continue to feature prominently in recent literature on hit identification and hit-to-lead campaigns targeting various biological pathways, underscoring the need for a review of the latest progress. This review presents recently reported quinoline-containing natural products, various synthetic methods for producing quinoline derivatives, and an overview of their diverse biological activities.

Metabolomic insights into ultrasound-assisted fermentation of grape juice.

Numerous studies have demonstrated that both lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation and ultrasound-assisted fermentation can enhance the antioxidant activity of fruit juices; however, the effects of these two treatments on metabolites and antioxidant activity in grape juice (GJ) have yet to be investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the specific effects of LAB fermented grape juice (FGJ) and ultrasound-assisted fermented grape juice (UFGJ) on the antioxidant activity and metabolite production, while also conducting a preliminary investigation into the potential mechanisms underlying the antioxidant action of UFGJ using network pharmacology and molecular docking. The results indicated that UFGJ significantly enhanced the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of both FGJ and GJ (P < 0.

Cumulative Hepatoprotective, Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Methanolic Seeds Extract of , , , and With GC-MS Profile.

The complex pathophysiological mechanism of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) disease has made the prevention and treatment of the disease problematic. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the cumulative hepatoprotective, antihyperlipidemic as well as antioxidant actions of methanolic seed extracts of (CL), (CM), (CS), and (CuM) in NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet along with 20% fructose water in a rat model. A total of 40 male Wistar rats were kept in five groups.

Coltsfoot ( L.; Asteraceae): modern methods of extraction, phytochemistry, nanoparticles synthesis, ethnopharmacology, and biological activities.

L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as coltsfoot, is a widely recognised medicinal plant, traditionally used for treating respiratory, digestive, and circulatory ailments. Its therapeutic potential is attributed to a diverse phytochemical profile comprising alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, which contribute to its reported neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.

Piperonal-derived Schiff base molecules as potential multi-target therapeutic agents against Alzheimer's and diabetes.

Background: The dual burden of diabetes and Alzheimer's highlights the urgent need for multifunctional therapeutic agents. This study explores piperonal-derived Schiff base derivatives as potential dual-action enzyme inhibitors against -amylase (AA), -glucosidase (AG), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), offers a promising strategy for managing both conditions.

Methods: Schiff base derivatives of piperonal (heliotropin) were synthesized, structurally characterized, and explored against established drug targets of diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Eco-physiological and growth responses of two halophytes to saline irrigation and soil amendments in arid conditions.

In dry-land regions, salinity stress and poor soil structure can cause significant challenges to agricultural productivity, posing a growing threat to global food security. This study explores the performance of two halophytic plant species Sweet Clover (Melilotus officinalis) and Salt-bush (Atriplex canescens) under both fresh water and saline water irrigation, combined with four soil amendment treatments: manure + sandy, compost + sandy, clay + sandy, and sandy soil. Saline irrigation led to a marked decline in key chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, such as chlorophyll content (SPAD), the quantum efficiency of photochemical processes (Φ), apparent electron transport rate (ETR), and maximal photochemical efficiency (F/F) in sandy soil.

A comprehensive water buffalo pangenome reveals extensive structural variation linked to population-specific signatures of selection.

Background: Water buffalo is a cornerstone livestock species in many low- and middle-income countries, yet major gaps persist in its genomic characterization-complicated by the divergent karyotypes of its two subspecies (swamp and river). Such genomic complexity makes water buffalo a particularly good candidate for the use of graph genomics, which can capture variation missed by linear reference approaches. However, the utility of this approach to improve water buffalo has been largely unexplored.

Molecular dynamics study of M-Trifluoromethyl diphenyl diselenide binding to the μ-opioid receptor: A computational perspective on morphine-induced tolerance.

Chronic pain is a maladaptive state where pain signals persist beyond the expected resolution of injury or illness. Morphine and related compounds, acting as µ-opioid receptor (µOR) agonists, are effective analgesics for managing this condition. However, chronic morphine administration can disrupt µOR trafficking and activate β-arrestin-mediated pathways, leading to opioid tolerance.

CRISPR in Neurodegenerative Diseases Treatment: An Alternative Approach to Current Therapies.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) pose a major challenge to global healthcare systems owing to their devastating effects and limited treatment options. These disorders are characterized by progressive loss of neuronal structure and function, resulting in cognitive and motor impairments. Current therapies primarily focus on symptom management rather than on targeting the underlying causes.

-(Pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine analogues as potent CDK2 inhibitors: an investigative approach.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) dysregulation is a significant contributor to the onset of several cancer types. Recently, -(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine (NPPA) analogues have been identified as potent candidates for the inhibition of overexpressed CDK2 in cancers. This study examines how the NPPA analogues are endowed with remarkable inhibitory potencies against CDK2.

A Multilamellar, Thermoreversible, Phase-Selective Galactose-Triazole Organogelator: Role of Noncovalent Interactions and Porous Nanostructure in Environmental Remediation.

This article describes the design and synthesis of an efficient galactose-triazole-based reversed N-nucleoside as a thermoreversible, low molecular weight organogelator 8a. The gelator 8a shows a phase-selective behavior toward ethyl acetate with respect to water. Powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV results show that the xerogel has a multilamellar structure due to supramolecular forces identified as H-bonding, van der Waals interactions, and π-π stacking.

Vulnerability analysis and sustainable rehabilitation strategies for mangrove ecosystems in Bedono coastal area, Central Java.

Mangrove ecosystems in Bedono Village, Demak Regency, Central Java, are seriously degraded due to aggressive coastal abrasion, extreme soil salinity (45‰-80‰), and failure of previous rehabilitation programmes. This study aims to assess the level of vulnerability of mangrove habitat and formulate an integrated rehabilitation strategy that includes ecological and institutional aspects. Data were collected through tidal analysis, measurement of sediment texture and soil salinity, identification of plankton and macrobenthos diversity, and analysis of mangrove species community structure.

Rapid Dereplication of Bioactive Compounds in Plant and Food Extracts Using Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

High-throughput screening and identification of common phytochemicals are crucial for lead optimization, drug development and investigation of metabolic pathways in complex herbal extracts. The available databases contain a huge number of compounds, making it challenging and time-consuming to dereplicate valuable compounds. Therefore, the current study aimed to develop an in-house mass spectral library for the rapid dereplication of 31 commonly occurring natural products from different classes using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS).

Introduction of a new ZnMgAl-LTH@GCN nanosorbent in dispersive solid phase microextraction (dSP-μ-E) procedure for Pb(II) extraction.

Graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) and layer triple hydroxide (LTH) were used in the development of a dispersive solid phase microextraction (dSP-μ-E) method for preconcentration of Pb(II). The new nanocomposite sorbent ZnMgAl-LTH@GCN was synthesized using a hydrothermal co-precipitation process, and characterized using various methods such as FT-IR, FE-SEM, XRD, and EDX. Analytical parameters were optimized; including pH, adsorbent amount, elute concentration/volume/time, and sample volume, which were found to be respectively, 8 pH, 5 mg, 1 mol/L, 1.

Pollution indices of brackish water and sediments of major mangrove sites along Arabian Sea coast of Pakistan.

Heavy metal (HM) contamination poses a significant environmental threat to Mangrove ecosystems, particularly in industrial and urban-influenced regions. This study has investigated the spatial and seasonal distribution of HM in water and sediment samples from three major mangrove sites along the Arabian Sea coast of Pakistan, Indus Delta, Sandspit and Miani Hor. Ten heavy metals (HM)- aluminum (Al), arsenic (Ar), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) were assessed using multiple pollution indices to evaluate the contamination levels and ecological risks.

RETRACTED: Qureshi et al. Synthesis and Evaluation of Anti-HIV Activity of Mono- and Di-Substituted Phosphonamidate Conjugates of Tenofovir. 2022, , 4447.

The journal retracts the article entitled "Synthesis and Evaluation of Anti-HIV Activity of Mono- and Di-Substituted Phosphonamidate Conjugates of Tenofovir" [...

Ultrasonically enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by Nano-CoFeO-immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast composite as a photo-Fenton catalyst: A central composite design study.

In this study, a novel nano-CoFeO-immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast nanobiocomposite (CFO-yeast) was synthesized by a physical immobilization method for ultrasonically enhanced photo-Fenton degradation of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous medium. CFO-yeast was comprehensively characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, BET, pH and XRD before and after immobilization that revealed pure nano-CoFeO (CFO) possessed cubic spinel crystal system having 19.0 nm average crystallite size whereas after immobilization the size reduced to 14.

Unveiling Ligand-Induced Conformational Changes in Mutant AR-LBD: Molecular Dynamics Insights into the Androgen Receptor-Coactivator Mechanism.

The androgen receptor (AR) is a nuclear receptor involved in regulating gene expression, maintaining the sexual phenotype, and contributing to the development of prostate cancer (PCa). The binding of agonists, such as dihydrotestosterone (DHT), triggers conformational changes in the AR, affecting coactivator interactions, and regulates downstream signaling pathways. Although AR activation depends on interactions between its ligand-binding domain (LBD) and coactivators, the precise impact of ligand binding on these interactions remains unclear.

Sargassum-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles induce salt tolerance in maize plants through enhanced physiological and biochemical mechanisms.

Salinity is one of the biggest limitations of agriculture in semi-arid regions of the world. It negatively impacts the growth and yield of Zea mays L. Especially the seedling stage is extremely sensitive to salt stress.

Subnational malaria burden in Sindh, Pakistan: over a decade of evidence for tailored strategies.

Background: Accurate estimates of malaria burden are crucial for allocating resources and designing effective control strategies. However, global reports often underestimate the burden in low- and middle-income countries, especially beyond the African region. This study addresses this gap by providing a longitudinal time-series analysis of malaria burden and spatio-temporal distribution in Sindh province, Pakistan.

Revealing the Bacterial HslV Protease Activation Potential with Triazine Derivatives via Experimental and Computational Approaches.

The bacterial HslVU enzyme complex consists of two components: the HslV protease and the HslU ATPase. This complex share both structural and sequence similarities with the eukaryotic proteasome. HslV becomes functionally active upon engagement with HslU, which inserts its C-terminal helix into a conserved groove within the HslV dimer.

Exploring the mutational spectrum of key kinase genes PIK3CA, BRAF, EGFR, ALK and ROS1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most aggressive type of oral cancer. Mutations in cancer-driving genes such as protein kinase are well known in cancer progression. We selected candidate genes (PIK3CA, BRAF, EGFR, ALK, and ROS1) for mutations exploration in the OSCC patients belonging to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) through Next Generation-Whole Exome Sequencing (NG-WES) using Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks (27 tumor and 7 paired normal) for the 1st time followed by in-silico characterization.

A novel approach to urease inhibition and antioxidant therapeutics by using AgNPs-doped TiONPs stabilized by short chain pyrazole carbothioamide derivatives.

This study details our approach to the synthesis, characterization and applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiONPs). Prior to doping both the nanoparticles AgNPs and TiONPs were stabilized by a new small chain 5-(3-Nitrophenyl) Hydrazono-2-Pyridine-4,5-Dihydro-1H-Pyrazole-1-Thioamide (PDPC). The PDPC's small alkyl chain demonstrated efficient modulation over the growth dynamics and structural characteristics of AgNPs doped TiO2NPs system.

The effect of metformin on the motor activity and hippocampal dopamine metabolism in rats subjected to repeated immobilization stress.

The present study investigates the impact of metformin treatment on motor activity and hippocampal dopamine metabolism in rats subjected to recurring immobilization stress. The experiment was conducted on male Albino Wistar rats, which have been exposed to repeated immobilization stress (2hrs; for 6 days) and administered with metformin on the dose of 50mg/kg. Motor activities were assessed in open field, dopamine and its metabolites were estimated in the hippocampal samples by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC).