Panel survey data on the investment and risk behavior of Neobroker users in Germany.

This paper presents data consisting of three waves of a longitudinal panel survey conducted among Neobroker users in Germany. The panel survey spans over 14 months with data collected in December 2022, August 2023, and February 2024. This staggered timing allows for the examination of both individual and collective longitudinal effects of trading apps on investment behavior by observing changes and trends over time.

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids.

Laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) in liquids has gained widespread applications in producing nanomaterials of different classes of solids. While the technical processes in different cases of ablation, fragmentation or colloidal fusion may look macroscopically different in each application, the underlying fundamental mechanisms are always the same cascade of laser interaction with matter, non-thermal or thermal energy deposition, phase transitions, and the subsequent structure formation processes. Disentangling these mechanisms represents a veritable challenge, as ultrafast and structurally sensitive experimental methods are required.

Super-resolution upgrade for deep tissue imaging featuring simple implementation.

Deep tissue imaging with high contrast close to or even below the optical resolution limit is still challenging due to optical aberrations and scattering introduced by dense biological samples. This results in high complexity and cost of microscopes that can facilitate such challenges. Here, we demonstrate a cost-effective and simple to implement method to turn most two-photon laser-scanning microscopes into a super-resolution microscope for deep tissue imaging.

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor.

Nutraceuticals provide health benefits and particularly profit from a sensitive, high-purity production process. Microparticle laser fragmentation in liquids is an emerging technique for the contamination-free comminution of organic drugs and nutraceuticals aiming at solubility enhancements. However, current discontinuously operated fragmentation setups suffer from chemical degradation by multipulse laser excitation at high fluence and do not allow for systematic studies of the fragmentation mechanisms.

Visual nudging of navigation strategies improves frequency discrimination during auditory-guided locomotion.

Perception in natural environments requires integrating multisensory inputs while navigating our surroundings. During locomotion, sensory cues such as vision and audition change coherently, providing crucial environmental information. This integration may affect perceptual thresholds due to sensory interference.

Fabrication of shallow EUV gratings on silicon by irradiation with helium ions.

To accurately achieve structure height differences in the range of single digit nanometres is of great importance for the fabrication of diffraction gratings for the extreme ultraviolet range (EUV). Here, structuring of silicon irradiated through a mask by a broad beam of helium ions with an energy of 30 keV was investigated as an alternative to conventional etching, which offers only limited controllability for shallow structures due to the higher rate of material removal. Utilising a broad ion beam allows for quick and cost effective fabrication.

Extracting the Young's Modulus of Native Murine Pulmonary Basement Membranes from Atomic Force Microscopy derived Force Maps.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) allows the characterization of the mechanical properties of a sample with a spatial resolution of several tens of nanometers. Because mammalian cells sense and react to the mechanics of their immediate microenvironment, the characterization of biomechanical properties of tissues with high spatial resolution is crucial for understanding various developmental, homeostatic, and pathological processes. The basement membrane (BM), a roughly 100 - 400 nm thin extracellular matrix (ECM) substructure, plays a significant role in tumor progression and metastasis formation.

Improved Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vector Production via Molecular Evolution of the Viral Rep Protein.

In the dynamic field of gene therapy, recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) have become leading viral vectors due to their safety, long-term expression, and wide-ranging cell and tissue tropism. With numerous FDA approvals and commercial products underscoring their potential, there is a critical need for efficient production processes to achieve high vector titers and quality. A major challenge in rAAV production is the efficient packaging of the genome into the viral capsid, with empty or partially filled capsids often representing over 90% of the produced material.

Interaction Between Strain and Phase Formation in HfZrO Thin Films.

HfZrO thin films have excellent complementary metal-oxide semiconductor compatibility and scalability compared to other ferroelectric materials. This makes them a promising candidate for non-volatile memory applications. However, the polymorphism of the materials presents a challenge in stabilizing the ferroelectric properties.

A Representative Analysis of Nonparticipation in Workplace Health Promotion in Germany Using Multivariable Methods.

Objectives: Studies have identified sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors that promote participation in workplace health promotion activities. The present study therefore focuses on what influences nonparticipation within a representative sample of the German population.

Methods: In the analysis of possible factors influencing nonparticipation, company characteristics are accounted for in addition to sociodemographic and health behaviour-related variables.

Computed tomography employing sensing of high energy particle current.

. We demonstrate High Energy Current Computed Tomography (HEC-CT) employing megavoltage linac x-rays..

The high-resolution molecular portrait of coffee: A gateway to insights into its roasting chemistry and comprehensive authenticity profiles.

The direct-infusion of 130 coffee samples into a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometer (FT-ICR-MS) provided an ultra-high resolution perspective on the molecular complexity of coffee: The exceptional resolving power and mass accuracy (± 0.2 ppm) facilitated the annotation of unambiguous molecular formulas to 11,500 mass signals. Utilizing this molecular diversity, we extracted hundreds of compound signals linked to the roasting process through guided Orthogonal Partial Least Squares (OPLS) analysis.

Physical activity through place attachment: Understanding perceptions of children and adolescents on urban places by using photovoice and walking interviews.

Public urban places and their environmental characteristics impact youth's physical activity (PA) through perceptions. The objective of this study was to use a qualitative participatory approach with children and adolescents to understand how their attachment to urban places perceived as PA-friendly or unfriendly is related to their PA behaviour. Ninety-three participants aged six to 17 from six neighbourhoods with varying objective walkability engaged in photovoice and walking interviews.

A multi-stage lithium-ion battery aging dataset using various experimental design methodologies.

This dataset encompasses a comprehensive investigation of combined calendar and cycle aging in commercially available lithium-ion battery cells (Samsung INR21700-50E). A total of 279 cells were subjected to 71 distinct aging conditions across two stages. Stage 1 is based on a non-model-based design of experiments (DoE), including full-factorial and Latin hypercube experimental designs, to determine the degradation behavior.

Interplay between disorder and electronic correlations in compositionally complex alloys.

Owing to their exceptional mechanical, electronic, and phononic transport properties, compositionally complex alloys, including high-entropy alloys, represent an important class of materials. However, the interplay between chemical disorder and electronic correlations, and its influence on electronic structure-derived properties, remains largely unexplored. This is addressed for the archetypal CrMnFeCoNi alloy using resonant and valence band photoemission spectroscopy, electrical resistivity, and optical conductivity measurements, complemented by linear response calculations based on density functional theory.

Elementary Observations: Building Blocks of Physical Information Gain.

In this paper, we are concerned with the process of experimental information gain. Building on previous work, we show that this is a discontinuous process in which the initiating quantum-mechanical matter-instrument interactions are being turned into macroscopically observable events (EOs). In the course of time, such EOs evolve into spatio-temporal patterns of EOs, which allow conceivable alternatives of physical explanation to be distinguished.

mSLAb - An open-source masked stereolithography (mSLA) bioprinter.

3D bioprinting is a tissue engineering approach using additive manufacturing to fabricate tissue equivalents for regenerative medicine or medical drug testing. For this purpose, biomaterials that provide the essential microenvironment to support the viability of cells integrated directly or seeded after printing are processed into three-dimensional (3D) structures. Compared to extrusion-based 3D printing, which is most commonly used in bioprinting, stereolithography (SLA) offers a higher printing resolution and faster processing speeds with a wide range of cell-friendly materials such as gelatin- or collagen-based hydrogels and SLA is, therefore, well suited to generate 3D tissue constructs.

Velocimetry of GHz elastic surface waves in quartz and fused silica based on full-field imaging of pump-probe reflectometry.

This study reports an imaging method for gigahertz surface acoustic waves in transparent layers using infrared subpicosecond laser pulses in the ablation regime and an optical pump-probe technique. The reflectivity modulations due to the photoelastic effect of generated multimodal surface acoustic waves were imaged by an sCMOS camera illuminated by the time-delayed, frequency-doubled probe pulses. Moving the delay time between , image stacks of wave field propagation were created.

Two-photon microscopy of acoustofluidic trapping for highly sensitive cell analysis.

We combine two-photon-excited fluorescence microscopy and acoustofluidic trapping in a spherical microchamber to study cells and cell clusters three-dimensionally close to conditions. The two-photon microscopy provides the in-depth 3D analysis of the spherical microchamber dimensions as well as the positions of trapped samples therein with high spatial precision and high temporal resolution enabling even tracking of the fast moving particles. Furthermore, optical sectioning allows to gather information of individual cells in trapped cell clusters inside the chamber.

Feeding strategies for Sporosarcina pasteurii cultivation unlock more efficient production of ureolytic biomass for MICP.

The bacterium Sporosarcina pasteurii is the most commonly used microorganism for Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) due to its high urease activity. To date, no proper fed-batch cultivation protocol for S. pasteurii has been published, even though this cultivation method has a high potential for reducing costs of producing microbial ureolytic biomass.

Events as Elements of Physical Observation: Experimental Evidence.

It is argued that all physical knowledge ultimately stems from observation and that the simplest possible observation is that an event has happened at a certain space-time location X→=x→,t. Considering historic experiments, which have been groundbreaking in the evolution of our modern ideas of matter on the atomic, nuclear, and elementary particle scales, it is shown that such experiments produce as outputs streams of macroscopically observable events which accumulate in the course of time into spatio-temporal patterns of events whose forms allow decisions to be taken concerning conceivable alternatives of explanation. Working towards elucidating the physical and informational characteristics of those elementary observations, we show that these represent hugely amplified images of the initiating micro-events and that the resulting macro-images have a cognitive value of 1 bit and a physical value of Wobs=Eobsτobs≫h.

Profiling native pulmonary basement membrane stiffness using atomic force microscopy.

Mammalian cells sense and react to the mechanics of their immediate microenvironment. Therefore, the characterization of the biomechanical properties of tissues with high spatial resolution provides valuable insights into a broad variety of developmental, homeostatic and pathological processes within living organisms. The biomechanical properties of the basement membrane (BM), an extracellular matrix (ECM) substructure measuring only ∼100-400 nm across, are, among other things, pivotal to tumor progression and metastasis formation.

Kinetics of RNA-LNP delivery and protein expression.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) employing ionizable lipids are the most advanced technology for delivery of RNA, most notably mRNA, to cells. LNPs represent well-defined core-shell particles with efficient nucleic acid encapsulation, low immunogenicity and enhanced efficacy. While much is known about the structure and activity of LNPs, less attention is given to the timing of LNP uptake, cytosolic transfer and protein expression.

Squalene production under oxygen limitation by Schizochytrium sp. S31 in different cultivation systems.

The triterpene squalene is widely used in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries due to its antioxidant, antistatic and anti-carcinogenic properties. It is usually obtained from the liver of deep sea sharks, which are facing extinction. Alternative production organisms are marine protists from the family Thraustochytriaceae, which produce and store large quantities of various lipids.