Transmission energy dispersive X-ray diffraction as a tool for the laboratory study of fast processes in metals.

In this work, an in-situ study of phase transitions in low-carbon steel is presented. The phase changes were monitored by the transmission energy dispersive X-ray diffraction technique during the heating, annealing and quenching cycle of the sample under standard laboratory conditions. During energy dispersive X-ray diffraction, the sample volume was transmitted with a pencil beam generated by a standard polychromatic X-ray tube without any spectral filtering.

OpenSpindleNet: An open-source deep learning network for reliable sleep spindle detection in scalp and intracranial EEG.

Sleep spindles, an oscillatory brain activity occurring during light non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, are important for memory consolidation and cognitive functions. Accurate detection is important for understanding the role of spindles in sleep state physiology and brain health and for better understanding sleep and neurological disorders. However, manual spindle labeling of electroencephalography (EEG) data is time-consuming and impractical for most clinical and research settings and intracranial EEG (iEEG) presents additional challenges for spindle identification due to its unique signal characteristics and recording environment.

Sexual Desire Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Czech Republic: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: This study aimed to examine sexual desire among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Czech Republic using the Sexual Desire Inventory-2 (SDI-2) and to identify differences based on sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics.

Methods: Data were collected via an online survey between 2021 and 2022. The SDI-2 was administered to 410 MSM aged 18 to 60 (M = 29.

Unveiling the molecular mechanisms of the stress resilience of High Arctic Klebsormidium flaccidum: A multifaceted study.

The green alga Klebsormidium is found worldwide in terrestrial and freshwater habitats. A novel strain was isolated from biological soil crusts on Breinosa Mountain in Svalbard (High Arctic, 78°N) to investigate its adaptation to extreme Arctic conditions, characterized by low temperatures and short periods of snow-free ground. Genetic analyses confirmed the strain's identity as Klebsormidium flaccidum, showing high genetic similarity to strains from polar and temperate habitats.

Assessment of measurement uncertainty of immunoassays and LC-MS/MS methods for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

Objectives: Accurate 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)D) assays are essential for defining vitamin D status and ensuring appropriate clinical decisions. Standardization efforts, including the Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP), aim to minimize assay variability. This study evaluates the measurement uncertainty (MU) of various 25-(OH)D assays and their ability to detect physiologically relevant changes over time.

Sensitivity analysis of digital twin model for energy community PV system.

The current energy situation in Ukraine is researched, considering the analysis of damages from missile attacks during the war. One of the ways to improve Ukrainian energy security is defined as decentralization of energy resources comprised with digitalization, decarbonization, democratization and deregulation (5D) increasing flexibility of the sector. The objectives are to examine in detail the 5D strategy.

Chitosan and its derivatives as nanotheranostics in multiple diseases management: a clinical perspective.

Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin, has garnered substantial scrutiny in recent times, attributable to its versatile properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. These characteristics make it an ideal candidate for various medical applications, particularly in the field of nanomedicine. This review explores the emerging role of chitosan and its derivatives in nanotheranostics, which combines therapeutic and diagnostic modalities for the treatment of multiple diseases.

Integrating 3D Printing with Injection Molding for Improved Manufacturing Efficiency.

This study investigates a hybrid manufacturing approach that combines 3D printing and injection molding to extend the limitations of each individual technique. Injection molding is often limited by high initial tooling costs, long lead times, and restricted geometric flexibility, whereas 3D-printed molds tend to suffer from material degradation, extended cooling times, and lower surface quality. By integrating 3D-printed molds into the injection-molding process, this hybrid method enables the production of complex geometries with improved cost-efficiency.

Structural and Psychometric Properties of Neck Pain Questionnaires Through Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: A Systematic Review.

: Questionnaires are patient-reported outcome measures that require a validation process to assess their reliability and replicability. Over time, questionnaires have not only focused on a single health condition, such as neck pain, but also expanded their assessment spectrum to other areas in order to gather additional and relevant information from the patient. The main objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the different structural and psychometric characteristics of neck pain questionnaires.

The influence of substitution decisions made by national team coaches on final match outcomes at UEFA EURO 2024.

Introduction: Coaches leading national football teams during championship tournaments make decisions about tactical substitutions of players in critical match phases. This may be an attempt to change or defend a favorable score. This study focused on the time of decision-making of forced and planned substitutions, considering its characteristics: neutral, offensive, and defensive.

One step laser-induced synthesis of a bimetallic iron-cobalt sulfide for efficient solar light driven, Fenton-like and electrochemical catalysis.

Pulsed laser irradiation of an equimolar mixture of FeS and CoS onto a Ta substrate results in the one-step formation of bimetallic iron cobalt sulfide. The use of complementary analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, high-resolution electron microscopy, and electron diffraction, confirmed the presence of nanocrystalline cobaltpentlandite [FeCoS] and maghemite [γ-FeO]. The mechanism by which this occurs involves the reactive interaction of laser-ionized Fe, Co, and S species, which subsequently undergo rapid non-equilibrium cooling and deposition.

Efficiency of aluminium refining on a foundry degassing unit depending on the rotor geometry and the degree of its wear.

The article studies the issues involved in refining aluminium alloys when introducing small gas bubbles. A good level of dispersion throughout the entire volume of the degassing unit is achieved by using appropriate rotor geometry and selecting optimal process parameters. This study uses physical modelling employing a water model of a foundry degassing unit.

Virtual reality locomotion methods differentially affect spatial orientation and cybersickness during maze navigation.

Virtual reality (VR) is widely used in training, simulations, and industrial applications, yet effective locomotion remains challenging due to its impact on spatial orientation and cybersickness. This study investigates the effects of three locomotion methods-hand-tracking (HTR) with teleportation, traditional VR controllers (CTR), and the mechanical interface Cybershoes (CBS)-on navigation performance, perceived usability, and cybersickness during navigation tasks in virtual mazes of three increasing difficulty levels. The experiment involved 15 participants (M = 22.

Trait reward sensitivity and behavioral motivation shape connectivity between the default mode network and the striatum during reward anticipation.

Individuals vary substantially in their responses to rewarding events and their motivation to pursue rewards. The ventral striatum (VS) plays a key role in reward anticipation, and connectivity between the VS and the default mode network (DMN)-a network associated with self-referential and evaluative processes-has been implicated in reward processing. However, the relationship between these neural mechanisms and reward-related individual differences remains unclear.

Comprehensive Experimental Analysis of the Effect of Drilled Material on Torque Using Machine Learning Decision Trees.

This article deals with drilling, the most common and simultaneously most important traditional machining operation, and which is significantly influenced by the properties of the machined material itself. To fully understand this process, both from a theoretical and practical perspective, it is essential to examine the influence of technological and tool-related factors on its various parameters. Based on the evaluation of experimentally obtained data using advanced statistical methods and machine learning decision trees, we present a detailed analysis of the effects of technological factors (, ) and tool-related factors (, , , ) on variations in torque () during drilling of two types of engineering steels: carbon steel (C45) and case-hardening steel (16MnCr5).

From Local Crafts to Market Niches: The Marketing Potential of Artisanal Foods in Ukraine.

This study explores the marketing potential of artisanal agri-food products in Ukraine by examining their structural, regional, and consumer dimensions. Amid growing interest in sustainable and locally rooted food systems, the research addresses how artisanal production can evolve from informal crafts to market-recognized value. This study is based on an analysis of official statistical data and an analysis of registered artisanal food producers in specific areas in Ukraine.

Birth satisfaction in different social contexts and the challenges of ensuring measurement validity.

Background: Birth satisfaction is shaped by social context, yet its assessment faces methodological challenges, particularly in marginalized populations. This study examines birth satisfaction among incarcerated and non-incarcerated women, considering both experiential disparities and potential measurement biases.

Methods: A nested retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 55 incarcerated women who had given birth prior to incarceration and 79 women from the general population in the Czech Republic.

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids.

Laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) in liquids has gained widespread applications in producing nanomaterials of different classes of solids. While the technical processes in different cases of ablation, fragmentation or colloidal fusion may look macroscopically different in each application, the underlying fundamental mechanisms are always the same cascade of laser interaction with matter, non-thermal or thermal energy deposition, phase transitions, and the subsequent structure formation processes. Disentangling these mechanisms represents a veritable challenge, as ultrafast and structurally sensitive experimental methods are required.

Effects of physical activity on symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.

Introduction: Rapid urbanization and constant technological progress contribute to a change in lifestyle in terms of physical activity. Lack of free time and reluctance to engage in physical activity may lead to impaired functioning of internal organs, including the digestive system.

Aim: In the present study, by creating an exercise regimen, an attempt was made to demonstrate the impact of this activity on the symptoms of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Efficient sleep apnea detection using single-lead ECG: A CNN-Transformer-LSTM approach.

Background: Sleep apnea (SA), a prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder, disrupts normal respiratory patterns during sleep. This disruption can have a cascading effect on the body, potentially leading to complications in various organs, including the heart, brain, and lungs. Due to the potential for these complications, early and accurate detection of SA is critical.

Revealing electronic correlations in YNiBC using photoemission spectroscopy.

The low-energy electronic structure of materials is crucial to understanding and modeling their physical properties. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is the best experimental technique to measure this electronic structure, but its interpretation can be delicate. Here we use a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and one-step model of photoemission to decipher the soft x-ray ARPES spectra of the quaternary borocarbide superconductor YNiBC.

Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation Using CeFeO and CeO for Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrate Remediation.

In the pursuit of sustainable ammonia synthesis and nitrate remediation, electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia (eNORR) emerges as a promising alternative to the carbon-intensive Haber-Bosch process, which emits 1.6-2.0 tons of CO per ton of ammonia.

Smart injectable hydrogels for periodontal regeneration: Recent advancements in biomaterials and biofabrication strategies.

Periodontitis is a globally prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that leads to periodontal pocket formation and eventually destroys tooth-supporting structures. Hence, the drastic increase in dental implants for periodontitis has become a severe clinical issue. Injectable hydrogel based on extracellular matrix (ECM) is highly biocompatible and tissue-regenerative with tailor-made mechanical properties and high payload capacity for delivery of bioactive molecules to treat periodontitis.

Kramers nodal lines in intercalated TaS superconductors.

Kramers degeneracy is one fundamental embodiment of the quantum mechanical nature of particles with half-integer spin under time reversal symmetry. Under the chiral and noncentrosymmetric achiral crystalline symmetries, Kramers degeneracy emerges respectively as topological quasiparticles of Weyl fermions and Kramers nodal lines (KNLs), anchoring the Berry phase-related physics of electrons. However, an experimental demonstration for ideal KNLs well isolated at the Fermi level is lacking.