The pursuit of 1.5°C endures as a legal and ethical imperative in a changing world.

As the world nears 1.5°C of global warming, near-term emissions reductions and adequate adaptation become ever more important to ensure a safe and livable planet for present and future generations.

Irreversible glacier change and trough water for centuries after overshooting 1.5 °C.

Exceeding 1.5 °C of global warming above pre-industrial levels has become a distinct possibility, yet the consequences of such an overshoot for mountain glaciers and their contribution to raising sea levels and impacting water availability are not well understood. Here we show that exceeding and then returning to below 1.

Global efforts addressing methane emissions is a key factor to further reducing ozone-induced yield losses of crops in Europe.

This study has shown that there is a large potential to avoid wheat production losses through global efforts to reduce emissions of non-methane ozone precursors. In addition, global efforts to reduce methane concentrations could avoid additional wheat production losses due to the role of methane as an ozone precursor. Ex-post analysis on scenarios used within the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme Meteorological Synthesizing Centre - West (EMEP-MSC-West) model revealed that within the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) region (excluding North America and Israel) in 2050 using the LOW future emission scenario, the reduction in ozone as a consequence of reducing global non-methane precursor emissions showed avoided wheat production losses of 6.

Mycorrhizal symbioses and tree diversity in global forest communities.

Unraveling the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of species diversity is a central pursuit in ecology. It has been hypothesized that ectomycorrhizal (EcM) in contrast to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can reduce tree species diversity in local communities, which remains to be tested at the global scale. To address this gap, we analyzed global forest inventory data and revealed that the relationship between tree species richness and EcM tree proportion varied along environmental gradients.

Subnational survey data reveal persistent gaps in living standards across 75 low and middle-income countries.

Many households worldwide face substantial gaps in decent living standards (DLS), universal and essential material preconditions for achieving well-being and inclusive development. Here, we use subnational Demographic and Health Survey data from 75 low and middle-income countries (1990-2021) to explore the distribution and trends of ten living standards. We estimate that 94.

Gaps and strategies for accurate simulation of waterlogging impacts on crop productivity.

With the changing climate, soil waterlogging is a growing threat to food security. Yet, contemporary approaches employed in crop models to simulate waterlogging are in their infancy. By analysing 21 crop models, we show that critical deficiencies persist in accurately simulating capillary rise, crop resistance to transient periods of waterlogging, crop recovery mechanisms, and the effects on soil nitrogen processes, phenology and yield components.

Integrated carbon and nitrogen management for cost-effective environmental policies in China.

Carbon and nitrogen are central elements in global biogeochemical cycles. To effectively manage carbon and nitrogen in China, we developed a comprehensive model for quantifying their fluxes, investigating their interplay across 16 human and natural subsystems. Between 1980 and 2020, nitrogen losses in China increased 2.

Analyzing the use of fact-checking tools in disaster-risk reduction in Europe through the lens of the heuristic-systematic model.

Journalists, emergency responders, and the general public facing natural and anthropogenic disasters frequently disseminate emergency information via social media. The spread of fake news during disasters can, however, disrupt the crisis management process and increase victim numbers. Identifying false information can curb its spread and reduce its impact on people's attitudes and behaviors.

The nature-based solution implementation gap: A review of nature-based solution governance barriers and enablers.

Nature-based solutions (NbS) represent a critical umbrella concept encompassing measures that employ nature's properties to systemically address societal challenges, potentially providing benefits for biodiversity, climate and people. NbS are accordingly emerging on an ever-expanding number of policy agendas, such as the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and multiple European Union strategies. However, despite this increasing political traction, NbS implementation (that is, the design, planning, construction, monitoring and maintenance of NbS) remains fragmented and is often too context-specific for their wider upscaling and mainstreaming, creating an 'NbS implementation gap' between ambitions and on-the-ground operationalization.

Unveiling socio-psychological determinants behind residential treated greywater adoption: Integrating theory of planned behavior and norm activation model.

Persistent water scarcity and resource degradation threaten urban water security, driving water utilities to promote alternative sources such as residential treated greywater (RTG) as a sustainable solution. However, public resistance remains the primary barrier to the long-term and widespread implementation of any water reuse initiative. Hence, it is paramount to gain exhaustive insights into the motivations and mechanisms behind voluntary RTG adoption behavior, contributing to devising more impactful strategies for promoting such initiatives.

Managing nitrogen to achieve sustainable food-energy-water nexus in China.

Nitrogen holds a crucial place in sustaining the food-energy-water (FEW) nexus, which underpins human society. Its importance spans food production, energy generation, and water quality preservation. Here we show that comprehensive nitrogen management strategies offer the dual benefits of satisfying China's food requirements and boosting nitrogen energy production from straw by 1 million tonnes (26%) compared to 2020.

Development and validation of a gridded emissions inventory for HFC-134a in China.

1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), a potent greenhouse gas, breaks down to form trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Lack of its gridded emissions inventories makes it difficult to analyze the spatial distribution of emissions. This study developed a framework for national and gridded HFC-134a bank and emission calculations, validation and environmental impact assessments.

Traceable and Scalable Food Balance Sheets from Agricultural Commodity Supply and Utilization Accounts (2010-2022).

The Food Balance Sheets (FBS), compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), serve as a cornerstone dataset for studies on agricultural development, food security, and dietary health, providing a broad overview of global and regional food systems. However, its limited transparency and scalability hinder its application in empirical analysis and multisector dynamic modeling. Here, we present a traceable Food Balance Sheets (T-FBS) dataset, developed from detailed Supply Utilization Accounts (SUA) using a novel Primary Commodity equivalent (PCe) aggregation approach.

Who pays more? Exploring cost disparities in medication abortion access across socio-demographic groups in Ghana.

Background: Medication abortion (MA) may be accessed covertly in private pharmacies and clinics due to abortion-related stigma. Stigmatization may lead to information asymmetry, resulting in price discrimination. The existing literature on abortion in Ghana has primarily focused on factors associated with abortion stigma.

Promoting health through climate change mitigation in Europe.

Several EU climate change mitigation policies have the potential to deliver health co-benefits. However, existing frameworks guiding research in this area lack important details that are needed to understand how evidence of health co-benefits can be used to support the ambition and acceptability of EU climate policy. In this Personal View, we propose an integrated framework for advancing the state-of-the-science on health co-benefits of climate change mitigation and realising the societal effect of evidence documenting co-benefits.

Modeling supports the implementation of urban greening as a response to the challenges of sustainable spatial planning.

Urban greening is critical for sustainable urban development, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation. However, the effectiveness of urban greening varies depending on the specific goals (e.g.

Assessing the Need and Demand for a Community Emergency Paramedic Strategy in the Ambulance Rescue System of Hamburg, Germany.

Demand for Hamburg's ambulance rescue system (ARS) in Germany, which is managed by the fire service, increased by more than 10% between 2019 and 2021. This increase was mainly driven by a more than 20% increase in non-critical ambulance rescues, while critical rescues decreased over the same period. Factors contributing to this trend include demographic changes, longer waiting times in primary care and declining quality in out-of-hospital care.

An oversampling-undersampling strategy for large-scale data linkage.

Effective record linkage in big data, particularly in imbalanced datasets, is a critical yet highly challenging task due to the inherent complexity involved. This article utilizes an oversampling-undersampling strategy to address linkage imbalances, enabling more accurate and efficient record linkage within large-scale datasets. It tries to increase the instances of the minority class and decrease the dominance of the majority classes to try to reach a more balanced dataset that can be used for training and testing.

Geography and availability of natural habitat determine whether cropland intensification or expansion is more detrimental to biodiversity.

To mitigate biodiversity loss from agriculture, intensification is often promoted as an alternative to farmland expansion. However, its local impacts remain debated. We assess globally the responses of three biodiversity metrics-species richness, total abundance and relative community abundance-weighted average range size (RCAR), a proxy for biotic homogenization-to land conversion and yield increases.

Plant diversity dynamics over space and time in a warming Arctic.

The Arctic is warming four times faster than the global average and plant communities are responding through shifts in species abundance, composition and distribution. However, the direction and magnitude of local changes in plant diversity in the Arctic have not been quantified. Using a compilation of 42,234 records of 490 vascular plant species from 2,174 plots across the Arctic, here we quantified temporal changes in species richness and composition through repeat surveys between 1981 and 2022.

Measuring global migration flows using online data.

Existing estimates of human migration are limited in their scope, reliability, and timeliness, prompting the United Nations and the Global Compact on Migration to call for improved data collection. Using privacy protected records from three billion Facebook users, we estimate country-to-country migration flows at monthly granularity for 181 countries, accounting for selection into Facebook usage. Our estimates closely match high-quality measures of migration where available but can be produced nearly worldwide and with less delay than alternative methods.

Meeting European Union biodiversity targets under future land-use demands.

The European Union is committed to achieving ambitious area-based conservation and restoration targets in the upcoming decade. However, there is concern that these targets risk conflicting with socioeconomic needs, particularly for food, timber and bioenergy production. Here we develop an integrated spatial planning approach to identify where restoration, conservation and production allocation could maximize benefits to species conservation and climate mitigation, while acknowledging future land demands of the bio-economy.

Opportunities and challenges for people-centered multi-hazard early warning systems: Perspectives from the Global South.

This perspective critically examines the challenges and opportunities of implementing people-centered multi-hazard early warning systems (MHEWS) in the Global South. Despite global initiatives, such as the Early Warnings for All initiative, operational realities lag behind. By exploring the needs of the most vulnerable and how core concepts of multi-hazard thinking (e.

Harmonizing nature's timescales in ecosystem models.

Modeling complex, nonlinear ecosystem processes across different timescales presents a significant challenge. We identify two key issues: selecting a representative timestep that captures interconnected processes across various timescales, and simulating these processes in an appropriate sequence. By synthesizing existing ecosystem frameworks, we find shared compromises between biological realism and computational performance.