Multi-omic analysis reveals a key BCAT1 role in mTOR activation by B-cell receptor and TLR9.

B-lymphocytes play major adaptive immune roles, producing antibody and driving T-cell responses. However, how immunometabolism networks support B-cell activation and differentiation in response to distinct receptor stimuli remains incompletely understood. To gain insights, we systematically investigated acute primary human B-cell transcriptional, translational and metabolomic responses to B-cell receptor (BCR), Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), CD40-ligand (CD40L), interleukin-4 (IL4) or combinations thereof.

Lymphotoxin beta receptor mice display altered B- and T-cell subpopulations in the bone marrow and peritoneal cavity after infection.

Lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR/TNFRSF3) signaling plays a crucial role in immune defense. Notably, LTβR-deficient (LTβR) mice exhibit severe defects in innate and adaptive immunity against various pathogens and succumb to infection. Here, we investigated the bone marrow (BM) and peritoneal cavity (PerC) compartments of LTβR mice during infection, demonstrating perturbed B-cell and T-cell subpopulations in the absence of LTβR signaling.

Cell death pathways in response to and other mycobacterial infections.

Cell death mechanisms play a fundamental role in mycobacterial pathogenesis. We critically reviewed 94 research manuscripts, 44 review articles, and 4 book chapters to analyze important discoveries, background literature, and potential shortcomings in the field. The focus of this review is the pathogen (Mtb) and other Mtb and complex microorganisms.

Effect of Infection with Taenia Pisiformis on Immune Cells Recruitment and Uterine Mucosa Histomorphometry of Pregnant Rabbits.

Purpose: Taenia pisiformis cysticerci have been reported in the female reproductive tract of rabbits, and this parasitosis is known to alter reproductive behavior and reduce embryo implantation; however, tissue-based studies relating the immune system to the implantation site during infection have not been previously addressed. Therefore, our research provides new information on the interaction between pregnancy and parasitic infection.

Methods: This study evaluated the recruitment of immune cells in uterine tissue during T.

Enolase-1 Is a Key Regulator of Neutrophil Recruitment During Acute Inflammation.

Enolase-1 (ENO1) is a moonlighting protein with multiple functions. When expressed on the cell surface, ENO1 binds plasminogen (PLG) and promotes cell migration by facilitating plasmin (PLM)-mediated extracellular matrix degradation. Here, we observed that inflammatory stimulation significantly upregulated ENO1 expression on the neutrophil surface, both in vitro and in vivo.

Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and In Silico Studies of New Nitazoxanide Derivatives: Toward Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents.

Nitazoxanide (NTZ), an FDA-approved drug, served as the framework for synthesizing 22 new broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents from 4-aminosalicylic acid via protection-deprotection, Staudinger reduction, Clauson-Kaas pyrrole synthesis, and nucleophilic substitution. These compounds were evaluated for antibacterial, antimycobacterial, and antitrypanosomal activities. Several compounds, particularly 10, 11, 13, and 22, surpassed the antibacterial activity of NTZ and its active metabolite tizoxanide (TIZ) against all tested pathogens, with MICs ranging from 1.

Hyperglycemia and ZIKV infection cause physiological, immune, and oxidative testicular dysregulation.

In Brief: Chronic hyperglycemia prolongs ZIKV infection and exacerbates testicular damage in mice. The combined condition severely impairs spermatogenesis through oxidative stress and inflammation.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, with a rapid increase in its prevalence worldwide, particularly in developing countries.

The immune receptor SLAMF5 regulates myeloid-cell mediated neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS), leading to a broad spectrum of physical and cognitive impairments. Myeloid cells within the CNS, including microglia and border-associated macrophages, play a central role in the neuroinflammatory processes associated with MS. Activation of these cells contributes to the local inflammatory response and promotes the recruitment of additional immune cells into the CNS.

Assessing the impact of tungiasis on children's quality of life in Kenya.

Tungiasis is a neglected tropical skin disease caused by the sand flea, Tunga penetrans which penetrates the skin causing considerable pain and itching. In this cross-sectional study we aimed to assess its impact on the quality of life of school children in Kenya. School pupils (198) aged 8-14 years with tungiasis were randomly selected and interviewed using a tungiasis-specific quality of life instrument (TLQI).

sp. nov., isolated from the upper respiratory tract of duck.

Five bacterial strains, designated as RCAD1438, RCAD1439, RCAD1670, RCAD1671 and RCAD1672, were isolated from the upper respiratory tract of ducks in Anhui, Shaanxi and Sichuan, China. All strains are Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and capsulated. They grow optimally at 37 °C and pH 7.

In Vitro Evaluation of Amide-Linked Coumarin Scaffolds for the Inhibition of α‑Synuclein and Tau Aggregation.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders characterized by continuous loss of functional neurons. The numbers of AD and PD patients will likely double by 2060 and 2040, reaching 13.9 and 1.

Identification of galectin-9 and its antibacterial function in Yellow River carp ().

Introduction: Galectin-9 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that functions as a critical pattern recognition receptor (PRR) in the host immune system, initiating immune defense responses by recognizing and binding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the surface of microorganisms. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel galectin-9 cDNA, designated CcGal-9, from Yellow River carp ().

Methods: The full-length CcGal-9 cDNA was cloned and sequenced, and its structural features were analyzed.

Characteristics of induced lung inflammation in C57BL/6 mice.

Toxocariasis, a neglected zoonotic disease caused by parasites of the genus, represents a significant public health concern, with an estimated global seroprevalence of 19%. Despite the well-known respiratory symptoms associated with toxocariasis, the immune response in the lungs during toxocariasis is still poorly understood. This study analyzes both local lung and systemic immune response to infection and excretory-secretory antigens (TES) intranasal application in C57BL/6J mice.

Novel ultrafine Pt@Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme enables robust aflatoxin B1 immunoassay in diverse marine and agricultural systems.

Background: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) stands among the most toxic naturally occurring substances, with its acute toxicity characterized by the induction of acute hepatic necrosis, hemorrhage, and even fatal outcomes, thereby posing a profound threat to human health. Contamination of AFB1 in food commodities can arise at multiple stages throughout the production cycle, including cultivation, storage, and processing. This contamination cascade permeates the entire food supply chain, encompassing primary agricultural products as well as a diverse range of processed food items.

Tick extracellular vesicles alter epidermal keratinocyte function.

Wound healing has been extensively studied through the lens of inflammatory disorders and cancer, but limited attention has been given to hematophagy and arthropod-borne diseases. Hematophagous ectoparasites, including ticks, subvert the wound healing response to maintain prolonged attachment and facilitate blood-feeding. Here, we unveil a strategy by which extracellular vesicles (EVs) ensure blood-feeding and arthropod survival in three medically relevant tick species.

B cell dysregulation during acute COVID-19 is transient.

Background: COVID-19 is still a significant health concern worldwide. B cell responses to COVID-19 have been extensively studied in acute severe disease, but less so during extended follow-up or mild disease. Persisting immunological changes together with herpesvirus reactivations during acute COVID-19 have been suggested as contributing factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).

Remodeling the sarcoma microenvironment by simultaneous targeting of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptors and epidermal growth factor receptors to promote antitumor activity.

We evaluated the antitumor effects of remodeling the MC17 mouse sarcoma microenvironment (SME) by targeting urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)- and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-expressing cells. Specifically, we used eBAT (a bispecific ligand-targeted toxin directed to EGFR and uPAR), and its mouse counterpart, meBAT, to ablate uPAR- and/or EGFR-expressing cells. We chose the MC17 model because the cells are resistant to eBAT, allowing us to exclusively evaluate the role of uPAR- and EGFR-expressing cells in the SME.

Sensory neurons shape local macrophage identity via TGF-β signaling.

Resident macrophages play integral roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis and function. In the skin, prenatally seeded, specialized macrophages patrol sensory nerves and contribute to their regeneration after injury. However, mechanisms underlying the long-lasting postnatal commitment of these nerve-associated macrophages remain largely elusive.

Paraspeckle protein NONO regulates active chromatin by allosterically stimulating NSD1.

Nuclear receptor binding set domain protein 1 (NSD1) is a key histone methyltransferase that catalyzes di-methylation of lysine 36 of histone H3 (H3K36me2), essential for active chromatin domains. While the loss of NSD1 activity halts embryonic development and its aberrant gain drives oncogenesis in leukemia and glioma, the regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we uncover that NSD1 requires allosteric activation through the aromatic pocket of its Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro 2 (PWWP2) domain.

Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Three Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Strains from Dogs and Humans in Egypt.

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen that is largely associated with canine hosts but is becoming more widely recognized as a zoonotic pathogen. Understanding its genetic and phenotypic properties, such as virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles, is critical for infection control and vaccine development. In this study, we isolated and molecularly characterized three S.

Qdenga-induced dengue caused by minor DENV-2 subvariant(s) in the vaccine, with two amino acid substitutions in the E protein.

We describe a Qdenga-induced DENV-2-infection in a Swedish traveler. Comparative sequencing suggests that the vaccine contained a small fraction of identical virus as detected in the patient, suggesting a selection of a DENV-2-substrain with unusual amino acid substitutions. Further research on selection of, and possible effects of, Qdenga-substrain-infections is warranted.