Sustainable Solutions From Silkworms: Antheraea assamensis Helfer Oil Regulates Oxidative Stress, Lipid Metabolism, and Liver Health-Navigating Future Food Challenges.

Silkworms are emerging as a sustainable food source to address global food security, with their proteins recognized for nutritional and medicinal benefits. However, the impact of silkworm oil on immunological and pharmacological effects remains unexplored. This study explores the effects of the muga (Antheraea assamensis Helfer) silkworm pupal oil fraction (MP) on palmitic acid (PA) induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress.

Transcriptional Dynamics of Tomato Plants Under Combined Heat and Salt Stress.

The Mediterranean Basin, a hotspot for tomato production, is one of the most vulnerable areas to climate change, where rising temperatures and increasing soil and water salinization represent major threats to agricultural sustainability. Thus, to understand the molecular mechanisms behind plant responses to this stress combination, an RNA-Seq analysis was conducted on roots and shoots of tomato plants exposed to salt (100 mM NaCl) and/or heat (42°C, 4 h each day) stress for 21 days. The analysis identified over 8000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under combined stress conditions, with 1716 DEGs in roots and 2665 in shoots being exclusively modulated in response to this specific stress condition.

Ilimaquinone-induced lipophagy diminishes lipid accumulation via AMPK activation.

Lipid metabolism plays an important role in aging and longevity, and lipophagy-a specialized form of autophagy that targets lipid vesicles-regulates lipid homeostasis and alleviates metabolic diseases such as metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Ilimaquinone (IQ), a sesquiterpene extracted from the sea, is well-known for its various biological effects; however, its effects on lipid metabolism and longevity have not yet been elucidated. In this study, IQ acted in a dose-dependent manner, extending the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans (C.

The helical elongation of π-extended diazahelicenes with amplified circularly polarized luminescence.

Helicenes are circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)-active but suffer from a fundamental tradeoff between fluorescence quantum yield (Φ) and luminescence dissymmetry factor (||). Herein, we present a strategy combining lateral π-extension and helical elongation in carbazole-embedded helicenes to address this challenge. Specifically, π-extended diaza[7]helicene () and diaza[9]helicene () were synthesized and characterized, revealing nearly a 2-fold increase in Φ and a 6-fold enhancement in || from to .

Interactions Between Active Matters and Endogenous Fields.

Active matter, encompassing both natural and artificial systems, utilizes environmental energy to sustain autonomous motion, exhibiting unique non-equilibrium behaviors. Artificial active matter (AAM), such as nano/micromotors, holds transformative potential in precision medicine by enhancing drug delivery and enabling targeted therapeutic interventions. Under the demand for increasing intelligence in AAM, controlling their non-equilibrium processes within complex in vivo environments presents significant challenges.

Ultrathin CoMoS Nanosheets Vertically Grown on a Reduced Graphene Oxide for Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of 4-Methylphenol to Toluene.

Maximizing the exposure of edge sites and achieving sufficient promotion remain arduous tasks for designing efficient bimetallic MoS-based catalysts. Herein, ultrathin CoMoS nanosheets vertically grown on reduced graphene oxide (CoMoS/rGO-DMF) were fabricated by a facile one-pot solvothermal method using dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. The vertically aligned structure and good Co promotion endow CoMoS/rGO-DMF with abundant Co-Mo-S active sites and excellent catalytic performance in the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reaction.

HFIP-Mediated Ring Opening of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with Hydroperoxides for Diastereoselective Access to Peroxycyclobutanes.

A transition-metal-free ring opening of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) using hydroperoxides as nucleophiles in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) resulting in the diastereoselective synthesis of peroxycyclobutanes under mild conditions with a broad scope is demonstrated.

Natural Agents Modulating Ferroptosis in Cancer: Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Perspectives.

Ferroptosis, a controlled cell death influenced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, presents potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment due to its unique molecular pathways and potential drug resistance. Natural compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids, can influence ferroptosis via important signalling pathways, such as Nrf2/Keap1, p53, and GPX4. These are promising for combinational therapy due to their ability to cause ferroptotic death in cancer cells, exhibit tumour-specific selectivity and reduce systemic toxicity.

Floral development and phenolic compounds production in Agastache rugosa through light regulation.

The regulation of photoperiod and light intensity significantly affected Agastache rugosa by enhancing growth, modifying flowering dynamics, and promoting the accumulation of key phenolic compounds. Agastache rugosa is a medicinal and aromatic plant valued for its bioactive compounds, which contribute to its application in the flavoring, perfume, and food industries. However, variability in the composition of the bioactive compounds poses challenges for its commercial utilization.

Genetic Code Expansion-Driven in Situ Click Labeling Enables Rapid Imaging-Based Selection of Functional Nanobody-Dye Conjugates.

Antigen-binding proteins, such as nanobodies, modified with functional small molecules hold great potential for applications including imaging probes, drug conjugates, and localized catalysts. However, traditional chemical labeling methods that randomly target lysine or cysteine residues often produce heterogeneous conjugates with limited reproducibility. Conventional site-specific conjugation approaches, which typically modify only the N- or C-terminus, may also be insufficient to achieve the desired functionalities.

RNAi bioassays targeting bursicon reveal potential targets for pest control of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.

Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata represents a significant economic pest, typically controlled through the use of chemical insecticides. The introduction of RNA interference (RNAi) technology has opened new avenues for biopesticide development, leading to the identification of various genes that are crucial for the growth and development of insects. However, the efficient screening of target genes in H.

Computational investigation of mutations in PfCRT and PfDHFR proteins for Emerging Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to Antimalarial drugs.

The emergence of multidrug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum poses a serious threat to antimalarial treatment, particularly with growing resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) and partner drugs like piperaquine. Mutations in key proteins, such as PfCRT (P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter) and PfDHFR (P.

Decoding the Interactions Between Antibiotics and Microplastics- Chemistry, Environmental Impacts, and Mitigation Approaches- A State-of-the-Art Review.

The coexistence of antibiotics (AB) and microplastics (MP) in the environment has led to the formation of AB-MP complexes, posing several ecological and public health challenges. This review explores the mechanisms driving AB adsorption onto MPs, including diverse interactions (hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and ionic exchange) and their role in maintaining the persistence and mobility of the complexes. These complexes have been reported to serve as reservoirs/vectors for antimicrobial resistance (AMR), disrupt microbial communities, and enhance the bioavailability of ABs, thus posing various threats affecting biodiversity health and ecosystem stability.

Folic acid conjugated magnetic chitosan nanocomposite for the targeted delivery of dual anticancer drugs to breast cancer and hyperthermia therapy.

Increase in breast cancer has led to the search for systems that can enable, targeted, sustained and prolonged release of drugs while simultaneously reducing the side effects posed by them. In light of this, folic acid-conjugated 5-Fluorouracil and doxorubicin loaded chitosan/Fe₃O₄ (FA-dual@CS/Fe₃O₄) nanocomposite has been synthesized using the chemical method for targeted breast cancer therapy in addition to CS/FeO and dual drug encapsulated CS/FeO. FTIR and XPS studies confirm the successful drug encapsulation and FA conjugation.

Charge-dependent localization of Toll-like receptor 5 at the plasma membrane.

Proper subcellular localization of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is essential for initiating appropriate innate immune responses against pathogens while avoiding self-reactivity. UNC93B1 is known to mediate the intracellular trafficking of nucleotide-sensing TLRs such as TLR9 which undergoes rapid internalization into endolysosomes upon reaching the cell surface. We previously demonstrated that UNC93B1 also facilitates the plasma membrane localization of TLR5, a sensor for bacterial flagellin.

A ferroelectrics/oxide heterojunction based memristor for artificial synapse and neuromorphic computing.

The integration of information memory and computing enabled by nonvolatile memristive device has been widely acknowledged as a critical solution to circumvent the von Neumann architecture limitations. Herein, the Au/NiO/CaBiTiO/FTO (CBTi/NiO) heterojunction based memristor with varying film thicknesses are demonstrated on FTO/glass substrates, and the CBTi/NiO-4 sample shows the optimal memristor characteristics with 5 × 10 stable switching cycles and 10-s resistance state retention. The electrical conduction in the low-resistance state is dominated by Ohmic behavior, while the high-resistance state exhibited characteristics consistent with the space-charge-limited conduction (SCLC) model.

Comprehensive LC-MS/MS and HPLC-based profiling of secondary metabolites in Aster incisus from diverse cultivation regions.

Aster incisus is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, known for its pharmacologically active secondary metabolites. In this study, we conducted a comparative profiling and quantification of secondary metabolites in A. incisus extracts cultivated in two regions, Eumseong (AIE) and Inje (AII), using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography with a variable wavelength detector (HPLC/VW).

The efficacy of thoracic duct ligation for post-esophagectomy chylothorax in esophageal cancer: a nationwide inpatient cohort study.

Background: Recently, thoracic duct embolization (TDE) has been increasingly adopted as a first-line minimally invasive therapy for post-esophagectomy chylothorax instead of thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation (TTDL). However, the therapeutic efficacy and advantages of TDE over TTDL are still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical and financial outcomes of TDE and TTDL for post-operative chylothorax after esophagectomy using a national database.

Determination of neonicotinoids in honey and pollen with probabilistic risk assessment for humans and pollinators in South Korea.

Neonicotinoid insecticides have been identified as significant contributors to the decline of pollinators. To evaluate potential exposure of pollinators to neonicotinoids in South Korea, 79 honey samples and 27 pollen samples were obtained from agricultural, mountain, and urban areas. These samples were analyzed for 17 compounds, including neonicotinoids and their metabolites using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.

The pH-responsive regulator PlPacC and GATA transcription factor PlAreB are involved in the regulation of the biosynthesis of the antifungal lipopeptaibols leucinostatins in Purpureocillium lilacinum.

The biocontrol fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum PLBJ-1 produces leucinostatins, a class of non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the optimization of culture conditions for leucinostatin production remain unexplored. Previous research showed that PLBJ-1 synthesizes leucinostatins more effectively in hand-made Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB-M) than in commercially available PDB (PDB-C).

Dual-Mode Hybrid Discharge Plasma-Activated Injectable Hydrosol for Enhanced Immunotherapeutic Cancer Therapy.

Although cold atmospheric plasma is a promising therapeutic technique for tumor immunotherapy via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), the challenges associated with the generation and delivery of these RONS hamper clinical adoption. Herein, a dual-mode hybrid discharge plasma-activated sodium alginate hydrosols (PAH) is proposed to enhance the antitumor immune response. Gaseous highly reactive RONS are generated by dual-mode hybrid plasma produced by mixed O and NO modes, which are converted into aqueous RONS in PAH via gas-liquid reactions between plasma and hydrosols.

Thromboembolic risks after knee arthroplasty in patients with severe obesity: A large-scale analysis using Japanese medical claims data.

Background: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), particularly in Western populations. However, the effect of severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 35 kg/m) on postoperative complications in Japanese patients remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Japan's Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) database, including patients who underwent TKA or UKA between April 2016 and March 2023.