Exact Nonequilibrium Steady State of XXZ Circuits Boundary Driven with Arbitrary Resets or Fields.

We propose a spatially inhomogeneous matrix product Ansatz for an exact many-body density operator of a boundary-driven XXZ quantum circuit. The Ansatz has formally infinite bond dimension and is fundamentally different from previous constructions. The circuit is driven by a pair of reset quantum channels applied on the boundary qubits, which polarize the qubits to arbitrary pure target states.

Matrix games between full siblings in Mendelian populations.

We develop a model that integrates evolutionary matrix game theory with Mendelian genetics. Within this framework, we define the genotype dynamics that describes how the frequencies of genotypes change in sexual diploid populations. We show that our formal definition of evolutionary stability for genotype distributions implies the stability of the corresponding interior equilibrium point in the genotype dynamics.

Maximum likelihood estimation of log-affine models using detailed-balanced reaction networks.

A fundamental question in the field of molecular computation is what computational tasks a biochemical system can carry out. In this work, we focus on the problem of finding the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) for log-affine models. We revisit a construction due to Gopalkrishnan of a mass-action system with the MLE as its unique positive steady state, which is based on choosing a basis for the kernel of the design matrix of the model.

Minimally Invasive or Conventional Sternotomy for Mitral Valve Surgery With Concomitant Surgical Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Comparative Systematic Review.

Background: Presently, the availability of single-stage surgical correction of mitral valve disease combined with atrial fibrillation (AF) via a mini-access approach remains limited. Moreover, the comparative effectiveness of this procedure versus conventional sternotomy (CS) remains poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to conduct a comparative assessment of the efficacy and safety of concomitant mitral valve surgery and AF ablation via a minimally invasive approach (minimally invasive cardiac surgery, MICS group) versus the standard sternotomy approach (CS group).

Integration of Diamagnetic and Paramagnetic Ni Ions and Atmospheric CO Fixation in NiLn Complexes: Exploring Slow Magnetic Relaxation and Sustainable Catalysis for Epoxide Cycloaddition.

We report the synthesis and characterization of a new Schiff base ligand (HL), derived from 2-picolylamine and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde. Its reaction with Ni(NO)·6HO and Ln(NO)·HO (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy) in the presence of triethylamine affords a carbonato-bridged family of heterobimetallic NiLn complexes: [NiLn(L)(L')(μ-CO)(NO)]·MeOH·HO (). During the complexation reaction, ligand HL undergoes an oxidation, followed by C-C coupling to generate a secondary ligand (HL').

RNA-binding proteins mediate the maturation of chromatin topology during differentiation.

Topologically associating domains (TADs) and chromatin architectural loops impact promoter-enhancer interactions, with CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) defining TAD borders and loop anchors. TAD boundaries and loops progressively strengthen upon embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation, underscoring the importance of chromatin topology in ontogeny. However, the mechanisms driving this process remain unclear.

A multi-model longitudinal assessment of ChatGPT performance on medical residency examinations.

Introduction: ChatGPT, a generative artificial intelligence, has potential applications in numerous fields, including medical education. This potential can be assessed through its performance on medical exams. Medical residency exams, critical for entering medical specialties, serve as a valuable benchmark.

Energy entropy vector: a novel approach for efficient microbial genomic sequence analysis and classification.

With the rapid development of genomic sequencing technologies, there is an increasing demand for efficient and accurate sequence analysis methods. However, existing methods face challenges in handling long, variable-length sequences and large-scale datasets. To address these issues, we propose a novel encoding method-Energy Entropy Vector (EEV).

The GFB Tree and Tree Imbalance Indices.

Tree balance plays an important role in various research areas in phylogenetics and computer science. Typically, it is measured with the help of a balance index or imbalance index. There are more than 25 such indices available, recently surveyed in a book by Fischer et al.

Using reinforcement learning in genome assembly: in-depth analysis of a Q-learning assembler.

Genome assembly remains an unsolved problem, and de novo strategies (i.e., those run without a reference) are relevant but computationally complex tasks in genomics.

Effective Dynamics of Local Observables for Extended Fermi Gases in the High-Density Regime.

We give a rigorous derivation of the Hartree equation for the many-body dynamics of pseudo-relativistic Fermi systems at high density , on arbitrarily large domains, at zero temperature. With respect to previous works, we show that the many-body evolution can be approximated by the Hartree dynamics locally, proving convergence of the expectation of observables that are supported in regions with fixed volume, independent of . The result applies to initial data describing fermionic systems at equilibrium confined in arbitrarily large domains, under the assumption that a suitable local Weyl-type estimate holds true.

Immersed isogeometric analysis with boundary conformal quadrature for finite deformation elasticity.

Numerical simulation of complex geometries can be an expensive and time-consuming undertaking, in particular due to the lengthy preparation of geometry for meshing and the meshing process itself. To tackle this problem, immersed boundary and fictitious domain methods rely on embedding the physical domain into a Cartesian grid of finite elements and resolving the geometry only by adaptive numerical integration schemes. However, the accuracy, robustness, and efficiency of immersed or cut cell approaches depends crucially on the integration technique applied on trimmed cells.

High-precision machine learning identifies a reproducible functional connectivity signature of autism spectrum diagnosis in a subset of individuals.

Background: Discovery of predictive biomarkers is essential for understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of autism spectrum diagnosis (ASD) and improving identification. Resting-state functional connectivity analyses of individuals with ASD have established sensitivity of brain connectivity at the group level. However, the extensive heterogeneity in ASD limits the translation of these findings into reliable individual-level biomarkers.

A meta-population model of malaria with asymptomatic cases, transmission blocking drugs, migration and screening.

We consider a two-Patch malaria model, where the individuals can freely move between the patches. We assume that one site has better resources to fight the disease, such as screening facilities and the availability of transmission-blocking drugs (TBDs) that offer full, though waning, immunity and non-infectivity. Moreover, individuals moving to this site are screened at the entry points, and the authorities can either refuse entry to infected individuals or allow them in but immediately administer a TBD.

Metaconcepts of Rooted Tree Balance.

Measures of tree balance play an important role in many different research areas such as mathematical phylogenetics or theoretical computer science. Typically, tree balance is quantified by a single number which is assigned to the tree by a balance or imbalance index, of which several exist in the literature. Most of these indices are based on structural aspects of tree shape, such as clade sizes or leaf depths.

Mating versus alternative blood sources as determinants to mosquito abundance and population resilience.

A deterministic nonlinear ordinary differential equation model for mosquito dynamics in which the mosquitoes can quest for blood either within a human population or within non-human/vertebrate populations is derived and studied. The model captures both the mosquito's aquatic and terrestrial forms and includes a mechanism to investigate the impact of mating on mosquito dynamics. The model uses a restricted form of homogeneous mixing based on the idea that the mosquito has a blood-feeding habit determined by its blood-feeding preferences and its gonotrophic cycle.

Introducing Fast Fourier Convolutions into Anomaly Detection.

Anomaly detection is inherently challenging, as anomalies typically emerge only at test time. While reconstruction-based methods are popular, their reliance on CNN backbones with local receptive fields limits discrimination and precise localization. We propose FFC-AD, a reconstruction framework using Fourier Feature Convolutions (FFCs) to capture global information early, and we introduce Hidden Space Anomaly Simulation (HSAS), a latent-space regularization strategy that mitigates overgeneralization.

Robust Stability and Robust Stabilization of Discrete-Time Markov Jump Linear Systems Under a Class of Stochastic Structured Nonlinear Uncertainties.

Robust stability/stabilization for discrete-time time-varying Markovian jump linear systems subject to block-diagonal stochastic parameter perturbations is addressed in this paper. Using a scaling technique, we succeed in effectively addressing the multi-perturbations case. We obtain an estimation of the lower bound of the stability radius in terms of the unique bounded and positive semidefinite solutions of adequately defined backward Lyapunov difference equations.

Tight Bounds Between the Jensen-Shannon Divergence and the Minmax Divergence.

Motivated by questions arising at the intersection of information theory and geometry, we compare two dissimilarity measures between finite categorical distributions. One is the well-known Jensen-Shannon divergence, which is easy to compute and whose square root is a proper metric. The other is what we call the minmax divergence, which is harder to compute.

The Significance of CEA and CA 19-9 Levels in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid in Colorectal Cancer Patients in the Context of Peritoneal Metastases and Cytology Results.

Background/objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) frequently metastasizes to the peritoneum, significantly worsening patient prognosis. While serum tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) are routinely measured, their diagnostic or prognostic role in peritoneal fluid remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the relationship between CEA and CA 19-9 levels in both serum and peritoneal fluid, and the clinical stage of CRC, particularly focusing on the presence of peritoneal metastases and positive cytology.

Correction: Garmaa et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of microRNA Profiling Studies in Chronic Kidney Diseases. 2024, , 30.

[...

Driving after stroke: A trichotomous logistic regression model to support decision making in uncertain cases.

Background: Assessing fitness to drive after stroke is a complex clinical task, as even mild cognitive deficits can undermine safety. Due to the substantial overlap in cognitive test results between safe and unsafe drivers, binary classification models inevitably carry a risk of misclassification. This study aimed to develop and validate a logistic regression model that introduces a third, indeterminate category - leaving room for clinicians to withhold judgment in uncertain cases and thereby support more cautious, evidence-based decisions.

Exposure of Domestic Cats () to Rodenticidal Compounds.

Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are highly effective, but can be of environmental concern due to primary and secondary non-target exposure, with the latter possible being relevant to domestic cats. Therefore, liver residues of ARs and an alternative rodenticide, α-chloralose, were systematically monitored in domestic cats for the first time in the current study. In 2021 and 2022, the carcasses of 99 cats were collected in Slovenia and liver residues were measured by using solid supported liquid-liquid extraction and LC-MS/MS.

A theoretical analysis of mass scaling techniques.

Mass scaling is widely used in finite element models of structural dynamics for increasing the critical time step of explicit time integration methods. While the field has been flourishing over the years, it still lacks a strong theoretical basis and mostly relies on numerical experiments as the only means of assessment. This contribution thoroughly reviews existing methods and connects them to established linear algebra results to derive rigorous eigenvalue bounds and condition number estimates.

Model-informed exploration of the boundaries of safe aluminium exposure from allergen immunotherapy in children.

Background: The safety of aluminium (Al) exposure from medicinal products for subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) is still under debate due to their administration in many doses over years. Especially for children, model-informed risk assessment is urgently needed in the absence of clinical study data.

Methods: We applied a physiologically-based toxicokinetic Al model for simulation of Al exposure from various SCIT scenarios in children (5 and 10 years) compared to adults (35 years) in addition to continuous Al exposure from dietary intake.