Real 2D Galvanostatic Model: Encoding Physicochemical Heterogeneity into a Full Battery.

The propagation of physicochemical heterogeneity from particles to electrodes under galvanostatic cycling conditions largely determines battery performance but is often computationally unreachable. We formulate a Real 2D (R2D) full-battery model via an electrode-adaptive mathematical framework that addresses the electrochemically correlated nonlinear current-potential responses of the electrodes. This allows us to quantify the impact of multiphysics coupling on cycling performance in emerging solid-state batteries.

The processes generating quantum entanglement in DNA.

The migration processes of a positive quasi-particle generating quantum entanglement in DNA are investigated. The study was performed on the short DNA strands. It has been shown that the entanglement migrates along the nitrogenous bases chain as a result of the tunnel effect.

Overweight risk in early adolescence according to children's BMI growth channelling changes in international growth standard/references.

Objective: To compare the international BMI standard/references of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), MULT and the WHO and to analyse the association between changes in BMI growth channelling (BMI-GC) during childhood and the risk of being overweight in early adolescence.

Design: Participant data from the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), young lives (YL) and Generation XXI (G21) cohorts were obtained at three time points. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and the weighted Kappa coefficient were used to assess the agreement among the BMI standard/references.

Use of Google Trends to investigate "Pain" Searches Over 24 Hours.

Background: The Google Trends tool can be used in medical research to monitor and analyze health trends and patient behavior, but no studies analyzing diurnal patterns in queries related to pain have been done so far.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the temporal pattern of daily and weekly pain information searches in selected European countries. We measured the search for information about pain by analyzing the search volume for the term "pain" in the Google search engine, depending on the time of day.

A study on the optimal design of isothermal experiments in predictive microbiology.

This study addresses from the Optimal Experimental Design perspective the use of the isothermal experimentation procedure to precisely estimate the parameters defining models used in predictive microbiology. Starting from a case study set out in the literature, and taking the Baranyi model as the primary model, and the Ratkowsky square-root model as the secondary, D- and c-optimal designs are provided for isothermal experiments, taking the temperature both as a value fixed by the experimenter and as a variable to be designed. The designs calculated show that those commonly used in practice are not efficient enough to estimate the parameters of the secondary model, leading to greater uncertainty in the predictions made via these models.

Decoding how higher-order network interactions shape contagion dynamics.

Complex contagion models that involve contagion along higher-order structures, such as simplicial complexes and hypergraphs, yield new classes of mean-field models. Interestingly, the differential equations arising from many such models often exhibit a similar form, resulting in qualitatively comparable global bifurcation patterns. Motivated by this observation, we investigate a generalised mean-field-type model that provides a unified framework for analysing a range of different models.

Navigating Eukaryotic Genome Annotation Pipelines: A Route Map to Using BRAKER, Galba, and TSEBRA.

Annotating the structure of protein-coding genes represents a major challenge in the analysis of eukaryotic genomes. This task sets the groundwork for subsequent genomic studies aimed at understanding the functions of individual genes. BRAKER and Galba are two fully automated and containerized pipelines designed to perform accurate genome annotation.

Monitoring and investigation to control the brain network disease under immunotherapy by using fractional operator.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the well-known neurodegenerative diseases. The main reason is the death of dopaminergic neurons that release dopamine in the brain region known as the Substantia Nigra pars Compacta (SNc). In this study, we developed a mathematical model of Parkinson's disease incorporating a fractal-fractional operator with the Mittag-Leffler kernel to capture the complex, memory-dependent dynamics of the disease.

Early-stage health technology assessment of a curative gene therapy for multiple sclerosis.

Aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with significant early morbidity, reduced life expectancy and substantial healthcare and societal costs. The primary objective of this study is to assess the early cost-effectiveness potential of a novel gene therapy, IMMUTOL, for MS compared with current high-efficacy treatment sequences. The secondary objective is to explore value-based pricing thresholds in line with Dutch health economic guidelines.

Finite element analysis of stem migration after total hip replacement.

After total hip replacement, the primary and secondary implant stability is critical to ensure long-term success. Excessive migration of the femoral stem can cause implant loosening. In this work, a novel approach for the simulation of the femoral stem migration using the finite element method is presented.

Computational analysis of entropy generation in EMHD micropolar dusty fluid flow incorporating esterification process.

This article investigates the steady, two-dimensional electro-magneto-hydrodynamic (EMHD) flow of a micropolar dusty fluid across a linearly stretched surface, subjected to electroosmotic forces, buoyancy-driven convection, and both reversible and irreversible chemical reactions. Electrokinetic effects are modeled using the modified Helmholtz-Smoluchowski formulation. At the same time, micropolar fluid theory accounts for microstructural characteristics.

Varying anion coordination in new families of dinuclear NiLn complexes: zero-field slow relaxation of magnetization and theoretical validations.

Herein, we report the room-temperature synthesis, structural characterization, and magnetic performances of two new families of dinuclear Ni-Ln complexes, [NiLn(HL)(NO)]·HO·CHCN (1a-1c) ( = 1 for Ln = Tb, and = 1.5 for Dy and Ho) and [NiLn(HL)(OAc)(HO)]Cl·5HO (2a-2c) (Ln = Tb, Dy, and Ho), developed utilizing the ligand HL (2-methoxy-6-[()-2'-hydroxymethyl-phenyliminomethyl]-phenol). Partial deprotonation of HL in the reaction medium provided HL, ideally suited for trapping Ni and selected 4f ions in its two adjacent pockets.

Development of a Lentiviral Vector for High-Yield Production of Synthetic and Recombinant GCase for Gaucher Disease Therapy.

Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by the deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Although enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) remains the standard of care for non-neuropathic GD patients, its high cost significantly limits accessibility. To enhance production efficiency, we developed a lentiviral system encoding a codon-optimized GCase gene driven by the human elongation factor 1a (hEF1α) promoter for stable production in human cell lines.

Effectiveness of a Case Management Intervention Combined with Physical Exercise Compared to Physical Exercise Alone in Older People with High Risk of Falls: A Protocol Study of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

: There is a need for randomized clinical trials with higher quality, especially for older people at high risk of falls, with interventions that consider individual needs, comprehensiveness of care, and connection with primary health care. We designed a randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of a case management intervention combined with a physical exercise protocol on risk factors for falls, falls data, adherence, satisfaction, costs, and implementation in community-dwelling older adults with high risk of falls. : A minimum of 60 community-dwelling older people with high falls risk will participate in the randomized controlled assessor-blinded trial (MAGIC-v.

AI-Assisted Tools for Scientific Review Writing: Opportunities and Cautions.

The evolution of large language models (LLMs) is reshaping the landscape of scientific writing, enabling the generation of machine-written review papers with minimal human intervention. This paper presents a pipeline for the automated production of scientific survey articles using Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and modular LLM agents. The pipeline processes user-selected literature or citation network-derived corpora through vectorized content, reference, and figure databases to generate structured, citation-rich reviews.

Y-mer: a k-mer based method for determining human Y chromosome haplogroups from ultra-low sequencing depth data.

Determining genetic ancestry of an individual is challenging from poorly preserved or mixed samples that permit only ultra-low coverage sequence at depths less than 0.1 × at target loci. Leveraging recent advances in telomere-to-telomere sequencing of whole genomes with long reads, we develop a new k-mer based method, Y-mer, and show how information from hundreds of thousands of k-mers in distance-based models enables accurate inference of chrY haplogroup from whole-genome sequence at depth less than 0.

Evaluating the effectiveness of international travel controls to identify MPXV-infected travelers: a simulation study.

Background: In August 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a public health emergency due to the rapid spread of mpox in Africa and beyond. International travel controls (ITCs), such as health screening and viral testing, could help avoid/delay the global spread of MPXV, fostering preparedness and response efforts. However, it is not clear whether the viral tests at immigration are sufficient to avoid introduction of MPXV and which samples should be used on the viral tests.

Efficacy and Safety of Radiotherapy and Systemic Treatments in Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Context: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with a high recurrence and mortality rate even after complete resection. Therefore, intensification of adjuvant therapies is crucial, though their effectiveness remains controversial.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of available treatments by considering the prognostic factors affecting disease outcomes.

How drought and ploidy level shape gene expression and DNA methylation in Phragmites australis.

Key drought-response genes regulate saccharopine, mevalonate, water-stress pathways, and cell wall remodeling. Ploidy level influences gene expression under drought and non-stress conditions. Octoploids overall exhibit lower methylation than tetraploids.

Genome-wide study of somatic symptom and related disorders identifies novel genomic loci and map genetic architecture.

Somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRD) are characterized by a mixture of neurological and psychiatric features and include functional neurological (FND) and somatic symptom disorders (SomD). While these complex neuropsychiatric disorders show evidence of genetic susceptibility, there are no genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of SSRD, and the heritability is unknown. We did a GWAS of a total of 22,203 patients with SSRD, and 1,831,107 controls of European ancestry.

Vehicular ad hoc networks verification scheme based on bilinear pairings and networks reverse fuzzy extraction.

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) have facilitated the massive exchange of real-time traffic and weather conditions, which have helped prevent collisions, reduce accidents, and road congestions. This can effectively enhance driving safety and efficiency in technology-driven transportation systems. However, the transmission of massive and sensitive information across public wireless communication channels exposes the transmitted data to a myriad of privacy as well as security threats.

Qualitative assessment of sex-stratified human papillomavirus transmission dynamics in South Korea.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, primarily targeting females aged 9-14 years, is pivotal in preventing HPV infections. This case study evaluates the effects of HPV vaccination in South Korea within the primary target group using incidence data and proposes optimal intervention strategies for maximizing the effectiveness of HPV mitigation programs.

Methods: We developed a mathematical model to simulate HPV transmission dynamics in South Korea, incorporating sex-stratified groups.

Cross-species comparison reveals therapeutic vulnerabilities halting glioblastoma progression.

The growth of a tumor is tightly linked to the distribution of its cells along a continuum of activation states. Here, we systematically decode the activation state architecture (ASA) in a glioblastoma (GBM) patient cohort through comparison to adult murine neural stem cells. Modelling of these data forecasts how tumor cells organize to sustain growth and identifies the rate of activation as the main predictor of growth.

Cross-cultural analysis of eye-movement patterns in visual scene perception: a comparison of seven cultural samples.

This eye-tracking research investigates cross-cultural similarities and differences in visual attention in complex scenes free-viewing perception. The study utilizes 70 real-world photos with one or two focal objects as stimulus materials. The study examines the amount of time spent on focal objects, saccadic lengths, temporal changes in saccadic lengths and factors that influence these metrics.

The Minha Casa Minha Vida social housing programme and leprosy in Brazil: an analysis of the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort (2010-2015).

Background: Ensuring housing interventions can contribute to improved living conditions which are strong socioeconomic determinants of leprosy. We estimated the association between the social housing programme Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMVP) and leprosy new cases.

Methods: We followed families registered in the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort linked with MCMVP receipt and nationwide registries of leprosy between 2010 and 2015.