Matrix games between full siblings in Mendelian populations.

We develop a model that integrates evolutionary matrix game theory with Mendelian genetics. Within this framework, we define the genotype dynamics that describes how the frequencies of genotypes change in sexual diploid populations. We show that our formal definition of evolutionary stability for genotype distributions implies the stability of the corresponding interior equilibrium point in the genotype dynamics.

Diverse marine species convert methylphosphonate to methane.

Unlabelled: Microbial degradation of methylphosphonate (MPn) is an important pathway contributing to the 'methane paradox' in the oxic ocean. spp. are suggested to participate in this process.

variants drive chromosomal fission and accelerate speciation in zokors.

Chromosomal fissions and fusions are common, yet the molecular mechanisms and implications in speciation remain poorly understood. Here, we confirm a fission event in one zokor species through multiple-omics and functional analyses. We traced this event to a mutation in a splicing enhancer of the DNA repair gene in the fission-bearing species, which caused exon skipping and produced a truncated protein that disrupted DNA repair.

pVHL regulates protein stability of the TCF/LEF transcription factor family via ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation.

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays key roles in development and adult tissue homeostasis by controlling cell proliferation and cell fate decisions. TCF/LEF transcription factors play a pivotal role in this pathway, acting as repressors by recruiting co-repressors in the absence of Wnt signals, and as activators via β-catenin binding in the presence of Wnt signaling. While progress has been made in our understanding of Wnt signaling regulation, the underlying mechanism that regulates the protein stability of the TCF/LEF family is far less clear.

The relationship between expelled eggs, morbidity and age in a Schistosoma mansoni endemic setting in Uganda: Implications for current elimination policies.

Direct morbidity assessments are rarely included in monitoring and evaluation of Schistosoma mansoni mass drug administration programmes. This is despite morbidity reduction being the leading objective of control and elimination as a public health problem in the World Health Organization (WHO) targets. Instead, the number of eggs-per-gram (EPG) of faeces are used as a morbidity proxy.

Discovery of 2-(Pyrazol-4-yl)-quinazolin-4(3)-one Derivatives as Subnanomolar BRD4 BD2 Inhibitors with High Selectivity via a Bioisosterism Approach.

BRD4, a bromodomain-containing protein, has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for various diseases. Selective inhibition of the bromodomain is gaining traction as a promising strategy for targeted drug discovery. Based on bioisosterism-guided optimization of RVX-OH (), a pan-BET inhibitor, we designed and synthesized a series of novel quinazolin-4(3)-one derivatives as potent BRD4 inhibitors.

Taxonomy, geographic distribution and molecular phylogeny of two freshwater Frontonia (Ciliophora, Peniculida), including a new cryptic species Frontonia paraleucas sp. nov.

The ciliate genus Frontonia, one of the most species-rich groups of the order Peniculida, is widely distributed across a variety of habitats. However, the definition and identification of isolates are challenging, as there are few reliable characters, and these may overlap among congeners. In the present study, we describe two easily confused species, including a new form F.

Genetic stability in the lower Yangtze River basin from Song to Qing Dynasty.

Background: The lower Yangtze River basin holds a pivotal role in Chinese history. As previous genetic research in this region has primarily focused on modern population datasets, the limited availability of ancient human genomes has hindered our capacity to reconstruct detailed ancient population histories and evaluate the genetic impact of Yellow River-related groups.  RESULTS: Here, we present the first set of ancient human genomes from the lower Yangtze River basin, comprising eight individuals from the Song to Qing Dynasties (960-1921 CE).

Dissecting a peptidergic signaling pathway in Trichoplax adhaerens by gene silencing.

Trichoplax adhaerens, a simple multicellular marine organism from the phylum Placozoa, is one of the most basal metazoan lineages, alongside Ctenophora, Porifera, and Cnidaria. With its remarkably simple body plan,Trichoplax provides valuable insights into the evolution of multicellularity. Interestingly, despite lacking true tissues and organs, Trichoplax has evolved multiple cell types that can perform coordinated, complex behaviors, including feeding.

Whole-genome duplications revealed by macronuclear genomes of five rare species of the model ciliates Paramecium.

Paramecium, a group of ciliates with a long evolutionary history, plays essential roles in freshwater ecosystems and has been model for genetic, cellular, and evolutionary studies for over a century. Despite the valuable contributions of genomic resources such as ParameciumDB, genomic data are still mostly limited to species in and near the P. aurelia group.

The recurrent Spike A222V mutation in SARS-CoV-2 enhances replication in primary deer lung cells.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects humans and animals and is therefore a pathogen of grave concern within a One Health framework. Identifying animal-adaptive mutations is critical to preserving One Health, as these mutations could also lead to the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in animal reservoirs with continual spillover to humans. Therefore, we sought to pair experimental evolution and epidemiological data to identify putative human- and animal-adaptive viral residues and determine their impact on replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 in both human and animal cells.

Cd36 deficiency enhances the immune defence against Grass Carp Reovirus in zebrafish.

CD36, a single-chain transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the class B scavenger receptor family, remains enigmatic in terms of its antiviral immune function, with some conflicting conclusions. This study aims to elucidate the role of Cd36 in antiviral immunity using zebrafish as a model organism. We generated cd36 zebrafish mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and challenged them with Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV), a dsRNA virus.

Structure and function of the ovipositor of the encyrtid wasp Microterys flavus.

Background: Oviposition is crucial for the reproductive success of parasitoid insects and, hence, ovipositor structure and oviposition behaviour have probably played a central role in their adaptive evolution. However, various mechanical and functional aspects of the musculoskeletal ovipositor system are still not fully understood, especially within the enormously diverse parasitoid wasps, e.g.

De novo rates of a -resistant mutation in two human populations.

Mutation rates have long been measured as averages across many genomic positions. Recently, a method to measure the rates of individual mutations was applied to a narrow region in the human hemoglobin subunit beta () gene containing the site of the hemoglobin S (HbS) mutation as well as to a paralogous hemoglobin subunit delta () region, in sperm samples from sub-Saharan African and northern European donors [Melamed ., , 488-498 (2022)].

Identification and Expression Profiling of Scorpion Ionotropic Receptors and Gustatory Receptors Based on the Transcriptomic Analysis.

Chemical signal perception plays a crucial role in arthropod reproduction and survival. The scorpion is one of the oldest terrestrial arthropods; however, its knowledge of the chemosensory genes remains unclear. Based on the transcriptomic analysis of widely distributed Mesobuthus martensii in China, 46 candidate gustatory receptors (GRs) and 80 candidate ionotropic receptors (IRs)/ionotropic Glutamate receptors (iGluRs) overall showed similar expression trends in different tissues between the third-instar and adult scorpions, which suggested that young scorpions possessed a relatively complete chemical perception capability.

Seasonal and bay morphology factors strongly influence temperate coastal zooplankton community structure.

Zooplankton play a vital role in coastal bay food web, yet the impact of bay morphology on these communities remains unclear. We conducted synchronous seasonal sampling in Laoshan Bay and Dingzi Bay using two nets with different mesh sizes (0.505 mm and 0.

Age-dependent response to anthropogenic habitat during migration of an endangered raptor.

Decisions made by migrating animals can impact individual fitness and population dynamics. For avian migrants, these decisions can be affected by environmental and anthropogenic factors and by internal states. However, recent reviews have pointed to multiple gaps in our understanding of these decisions.

Deciphering the response mechanism of microorganisms to green tide outbreaks: Diversity, assembly processes, and co-occurrence patterns.

Green tide, a widespread coastal water environmental issue, significantly impacts the ecology of nearshore microorganisms. Despite extensive research on green tides, the dynamics of microbial communities and their assembly mechanisms throughout the development of these events are still not well understood. To elucidate these responses and underlying mechanisms, we conducted a comprehensive study examining the diversity, composition, and ecological dynamics of prokaryotic and microeukaryotic communities at various phases of green tide events by integrating high-throughput sequencing.

Pollinator-Promoting Interventions in European Urban Habitats-A Synthesis.

Pollinators receive considerable interest due to their fundamental role in ecosystem functioning and human well-being. Unlike farmlands, studies of urban pollinator-promoting interventions are scarce and have not been synthesised, hampering policy implementation. To fill this gap, we compared pollinator-promoting interventions (treatment) with conventionally managed (control) sites regarding vegetation, floral resources, and pollinators.

Nitrogen availability shapes evolution of phage resistance in cyanobacteria.

Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria play a key role in nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical cycles in aquatic ecosystems. Under nitrogen-limited conditions, their ability to fix nitrogen provides an advantage over other species and enables them to form harmful blooms, which are increasing in frequency and negatively impact aquatic environments. Cyanophages (viruses infecting cyanobacteria) impose strong selective pressures on these populations, and although cyanobacteria can rapidly evolve resistance to these phages, there is a tradeoff between phage resistance and nitrogen fixation.

Complete genome sequence of Vibrio sinus, a potential contributor to collagen degradation.

Collagenase is an enzyme that has been shown to be highly effective in the degradation of both native triple-helical collagen and its denatured form (e.g., gelatin).

Distinguishing Short-Term Versus Long-Term Responses in Cover-Class Structured Community Dynamics: A Test With Grassland Drought Response.

Climate change is increasing the magnitude and frequency of precipitation extremes. Consequently, grassland community dynamics are destabilising and becoming harder to predict since models typically simulate long-term (asymptotic) behaviour, potentially neglecting short-term (transient) behaviour. Here, we use cover data from an experiment performed over 8 years to model short- and long-term responses of three functional groups (grasses, legumes, and non-leguminous forbs) to precipitation extremes.

Reassessing deep learning (and meta-learning) computer vision as an efficient method to determine taphonomic agency in bone surface modifications.

Taphonomic research aims at reconstructing processes affecting the preservation and modification of paleobiological entities. Recent critiques of the reliability of deep learning (DL) for taphonomic analysis of bone surface modifications (BSMs), such as that presented by Courtenay . based on a selection of earlier published studies, have raised concerns about the efficacy of the method.

Phylogenomic Analyses Reveal that Panguiarchaeum Is a Clade of Genome-Reduced Asgard Archaea Within the Njordarchaeia.

The Asgard archaea are a diverse archaeal phylum important for our understanding of cellular evolution because they include the lineage that gave rise to eukaryotes. Recent phylogenomic work has focused on characterizing the diversity of Asgard archaea in an effort to identify the closest extant relatives of eukaryotes. However, resolving archaeal phylogeny is challenging, and the positions of 2 recently described lineages-Njordarchaeales and Panguiarchaeales-are uncertain, in ways that directly bear on hypotheses of early evolution.

RNA-Binding Protein Rbm38 as a Multifaceted Post-Transcriptional Regulator in Zebrafish Pancreatic Development.

RNA-binding motif protein 38 (Rbm38), also known as RNPC1, is a major regulator of post-transcriptional gene expression. It represents a potential candidate gene linked to the susceptibility of type 2 diabetes, and decreased RBM38 expression can enhance the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in humans. However, its role in pancreatic development remains elusive.