Effect of superstimulation with follicle-stimulating hormone on behaviour and performance in Holstein cows.

This research communication hypothesizes that superstimulation with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) would not impact behavior and performance of Holstein cows. The objectives were to investigate the effect of FSH superstimulation on follicular dynamics, animal behaviour, body surface temperature and milk yield of Holstein cows. Cows were blocked by parity and body condition score (BCS), and within a block, they were assigned randomly to receive either normal saline (CON = 7) or 500 IU of FSH ( = 8).

Comparative Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Assessment of Methylparaben and Propylparaben on Allium cepa Root Tips by Comet and Allium cepa Assays.

Parabens (PBs) are alkyl esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid and are widely used in pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, and cosmetics due to their antimicrobial properties. Parabens are also known as "Endocrine disruptors" and can cause toxicity in different organisms. Parabens, especially methylparaben and propylparaben are also present in many environmental matrices, such as water sources and soil, and can cause cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in different organisms.

Antidiabetic potential of Roxb. leaf extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, lipid profile, and histopathological analysis of pancreas.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an onset metabolic illness in which hyperglycemia occurs due to acquired or inherited impaired insulin production and ineffective action. Diabetes is frequently managed with the use of drugs, which may have adverse consequences even though they are good at regulating blood glucose levels. Herbal remedies are therefore being investigated as a substitute because of their reduced toxicity and fewer adverse effects.

Integrated Process for Mycoprotein and Enzyme Production during Solid-State Fermentation of Lignocellulosic Materials Using Medicinal Mushrooms.

This study evaluated the potential of Ganoderma lucidum BCC447 and Pleurotus ostreatus BCC2191 to enrich plant materials with mycoproteins and cellulases through solid-state fermentation (SSF) of wheat bran, shredded wheat, and soybean meal for the use of the fermented product as a natural food additive in poultry and livestock feed formulations. The maximum protein accumulation in plant substrates was detected after 12 d of mushroom cultivation. An additional carbon source, glycerol at a concentration of 80 mg/g substrate, provided an increase in protein compared with the control medium by 52.

NAV3 Missense Variant in a Homozygous State: Strengthening Links to Neurodevelopmental Disorder.

Introduction: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) represent a diverse and heterogeneous group of conditions, including neurodevelopmental delay (NDD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and neurodevelopmental encephalopathy with epilepsy (NDEE). While these disorders often share phenotypic similarities, their underlying genetic causes can vary widely, making clinical diagnosis challenging.

Methods: In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on a family having an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder.

Prognostic Significance of Lymph Node Yield on Disease-Free Survival and Overall Survival in Patients With Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Background Small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SB-NETs) are increasingly recognized gastrointestinal neoplasms with distinct biological behavior and a high tendency for lymphatic spread. Accurate pathological staging, particularly lymph node yield (LNY), plays a pivotal role in determining prognosis and guiding treatment strategies. Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of lymph node yield and other clinicopathological features in relation to disease-free and overall survival in patients with SB-NETs.

Functional impact of c.V15M variation in LHβ gene on silent oestrus behaviour in river buffalo of Pakistan.

Buffalo are shy breeders and poor fertility traits are a major hindrance in exploiting the production potential of the animal. This study hypothesizes that polymorphisms in the luteinizing hormone beta (LHβ) gene can affect oestrus behaviour in buffaloes. A total of 100 animals were screened by calculating the heat index (threshold-50) and animals were categorized into two groups (Group1 > 50, Group2 < 50).

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) antagonizes gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in larval zebrafish and mammalian models.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of synthetic chemicals detected ubiquitously in the environment, humans, and wildlife. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is one prevalent chemical previously shown to cause adverse effects on nervous system function across in vivo and in vitro models, including dark-phase hyperactivity in larval zebrafish. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABARs), GABAAR and GABABR, as mediators of dark-phase hyperactivity in PFOS-exposed larval zebrafish.

Barley resistance and susceptibility to fungal cell entry involve the interplay of ROP signaling with phosphatidylinositol-monophosphates.

Rho-of-plant small GTPases (ROPs) are regulators of plant polar growth and of plant-pathogen interactions. The barley ROP, RACB, is involved in susceptibility toward infection by the barley powdery mildew fungus Blumeria hordei (Bh) but little is known about the cellular pathways that connect RACB signaling to disease susceptibility. Here we identify novel RACB interaction partners of plant or fungal origin by untargeted co-immunoprecipitation of constitutively active (CA) RACB tagged by green fluorescent protein from Bh-infected barley epidermal layers and subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry.

Identification of as a potential source of antimycobacterial components.

is a medicinal plant from the Solanaceae family, having medicinal properties and some toxic effects. It is widely distributed across Asia, Africa, Europe, the Americas, and other tropical and subtropical regions, where it is utilized by local pharmaceutical industries. In this study, bioassay-guided fractionation and LC-MS/MS analysis were used for the identification of secondary metabolites with anti-tuberculosis activity in methanolic leaf extracts of .

Cyto-genotoxic assessment of bisphenol P through expression of DNA damage/repair genes in MDBK cell line.

Bisphenol P (BPP) is a recognized endocrine disruptor with detrimental effects on human health. This study aimed to evaluate BPP's cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells by examining changes in gene expression, genotoxicity, and cell survival. Various assays were employed, including the MTT assay, comet assay, micronucleus assay, and real-time PCR for gene expression analysis.

Self-supervised learning for generalizable particle picking in cryo-EM micrographs.

We present cryoelectron microscopy masked autoencoder (cryo-EMMAE), a self-supervised method designed to overcome the need for manually annotated cryo-EM data. cryo-EMMAE leverages the representation space of a masked autoencoder to pick particle pixels through clustering of the MAE latent representation. Evaluation across different EMPIAR datasets demonstrates that cryo-EMMAE outperforms state-of-the-art supervised methods in terms of generalization capabilities.

Urea adulteration alters raw milk composition and induces renal tissue damage: a molecular and histopathological study.

This study investigates the impact of urea adulteration in raw milk on milk quality, safety, and renal tissue integrity, addressing a significant public health concern, particularly in low-to-middle-income countries where over 76.6% of milk samples have compromised quality and 77.89% are adulterated.

In silico screening of a designed focused chemical space identifies novel alkyl hydrazides as potent HDAC11 inhibitors.

The therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibitors containing a hydroxamic acid moiety as a zinc-binding group (ZBG) is limited in clinical use due to their potential mutagenicity. In addition, hydroxamic acids often exhibit off-target effects that can lead to undesirable toxicity. Therefore, the development of HDAC inhibitors with alternative ZBGs has proven to be a promising approach to overcome these drawbacks.

Research Note: Effect of exogenous enzyme supplementation on standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of guar korma meal in sexed broilers.

Guar korma meal (GKM), a byproduct of the guar gum industry, has emerged as a potential alternative protein source in poultry nutrition, particularly the Indian subcontinent. This study aimed to investigate the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in GKM and assess the effects of two exogenous enzymes, mannanase and protease, on mitigating its antinutritional factors in male and female broilers. A total of 600 one-day-old broiler chicks (equally distributed between males and females) were assigned to eight dietary treatments plus two nitrogen-free diet groups for each sex, in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, sex (male and female) × dietary β-mannanase (0 and 500 gm/ton) × dietary protease (0 and 500 gm/ton).

Genomic and phylogeographical analysis revealed CTX-M-55 producing ST10 and ST2325 clones of One Health concern from dairy farm waste in Gansu, China.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing resists broad-spectrum cephalosporins, considered as a critical priority pathogen, and its presence in animals, humans, and the environment highlights its significance as a One Health issue. Dairy farm waste is a potential environmental contaminant and can serves as a significant reservoir for the emergence and spread of ESBL-producing , which belongs to One Health clones and poses a serious global threat. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and genomic characteristics of ESBL-producing clones of One Health concern from dairy farm waste in Gansu, China.

Age-related changes in the proteome and mitochondrial metabolism of rabbit adipose-derived stromal/stem cells.

Adipose tissue is continuously regenerated by stromal mesenchymal stem cells throughout life. This study hypothesises that early age-related changes in the proteome and metabolic properties of subcutaneous (s) and visceral (v) adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) from young and old rabbits contribute to a loss of stem cell plasticity and function. To test this, the proteome and metabolic properties of ASCs from young and old rabbits were analysed using mass spectrometry-based label-free quantification and mitochondrial respiration measurements (Seahorse Mito Cell Stress Test).

Discovery of antitubercular potential of trans-3-indoleacrylic acid and its derivatives targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A combined in vitro and in silico investigation.

The persistent global health challenges posed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) underscore the urgent need to identify novel antitubercular agents from natural origin. The objective of this research is to assess the antitubercular potential of phytocompounds from Datura innoxia against Mtb through in vitro and in silico methods. Eleven natural compounds were screened for antitubercular activity.

A beginners guide to Sf9 and Sf21 insect cell line culture and troubleshooting.

Recombinant proteins are not only a crucial research tool but are also widely implemented in biomedicine. There are a number of expression systems used for recombinant protein production. Among them Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf) insect cell system is a powerful tool for multiprotein expression.

Metal oxide-polymer hybrid composites: a comprehensive review on synthesis and multifunctional applications.

A diverse family of metal oxide (MO )-integrated conducting polymer (CP) composites with special physicochemical properties can be used in a variety of cutting-edge technologies. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis approaches for these hybrid composites, focusing on the synergistic integration of metal oxides with CPs to enhance their structural framework as well their electrical and catalytic properties. The multifunctional applications of these materials are explored, particularly in the areas of biomedical sensing, energy retention modules, and water splitting technologies.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry bioactive compounds profiling, potential of microbial resistance, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic of leaf extracts from Roxb.

The rapid increase in incidences of antibiotic resistance, as well as the severity of side effects associated with the synthetic drugs, have directed the researchers to focus on the natural reservoirs as an alternative to the available drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity assay, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling potential of leaf extracts. Aqueous and ethanolic extract of the leaf was prepared by the maceration process.

Radiation-induced senescent melanoma cells secrete soluble factors that trigger bystander senescence.

Purpose: Senescence is a key cellular response to ionizing radiation. Senescent cells experience irreversible growth arrest while remaining metabolically active and secrete a distinct set of proteins, collectively referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These secreted factors influence neighboring non-irradiated cells through a mechanism known as the bystander effect.

Efficient Crystallization of Apo Sirt2 for Small-Molecule Soaking and Structural Analysis of Ligand Interactions.

The selectivity pocket is a key binding site for inhibitors of the NAD-dependent lysine deacylase Sirtuin 2 (Sirt2), a promising drug target in diseases like cancer. While small-molecule soaking can advance inhibitor development, the selectivity pocket is absent in available Sirt2 apo structures, and existing soaking systems like Sirt2-ADPribose (ADPR) suffer from unfavorable crystal packing that hinders ligand binding. We developed a method to rapidly generate high-quality Sirt2 apo crystals with an open selectivity pocket, suitable for high-throughput soaking.

Impacts of -loaded chitosan nanoparticles against indomethacin induced peptic ulcer in rats: promising therapy with enhanced bioavailability and gastro-protective activity.

Peptic ulcer is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting large portion of population with difficulty in treatment. Treatment options include inhibition of gastric acid secretion, histamine inhibitors, eradication of infection and tissue lining protection. These therapeutic options have several side effects, low bioavailability and bio-distribution.

The protein deacetylase HDAC10 controls DNA replication in malignant lymphoid cells.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) comprise a family of 18 epigenetic modifiers. The biologically relevant functions of HDAC10 in leukemia cells are enigmatic. We demonstrate that human cultured and primary acute B cell/T cell leukemia and lymphoma cells require the catalytic activity of HDAC10 for their survival.