G-protein coupled receptors in neuroinflammation, neuropharmacology, and therapeutics.

The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent one of the most pharmacologically targeted classes of seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors, identified through whole genome sequencing of humans. GPCRs transduce extracellular stimuli and signals into intracellular responses, enabling precise cellular communication for physiology and homeostasis. Given their ability to sense a variety of ligands, GPCRs regulate a plethora of physiological functions, such as sensory perception, hormonal regulation and metabolism, growth and development, cardiovascular and reproductive regulation.

Investigating lightweight and interpretable machine learning models for efficient and explainable stress detection.

Stress is a common human reaction to demanding circumstances, and prolonged and excessive stress can have detrimental effects on both mental and physical health. Heart rate variability (HRV) is widely used as a measure of stress due to its ability to capture variations in the time intervals between heartbeats. However, achieving high accuracy in stress detection through machine learning (ML), using a reduced set of statistical features extracted from HRV, remains a significant challenge.

l‑Proline-Carboxylic Acid-Based Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents: Thermophysical Properties and DFT Structural Insights.

Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) are emerging as potential substitutes for traditional organic solvents. Their distinctive features, namely, low aqueous solubility and tunable structures, make them suitable for diverse uses. The present work describes the synthesis and spectroscopic (H NMR, C NMR, and FTIR) characterization of l-proline-carboxylic acid-based HDESs.

Phase behavior of catenated-linear DNA mixtures.

Understanding the phase behavior of multicomponent systems is crucial in condensed matter physics, both for practical applications and fundamental exploration. Regardless of chemical composition, topology stands out as a crucial parameter in this context. We studied herein the phase behavior of a 2D catenated network of DNA rings called a kinetoplast in the presence of linear DNA.

Modulation instability control via evolutionarily optimized optical seeding.

Controlling nonlinear pulse propagation in optical fibers is paramount for applications spanning spectroscopy and optical communication networks. However, the inherent complexity of laser pulse evolution in matter, shaped by the interplay of nonlinearity and dispersion, poses significant challenges in experimental situations. Modulation instability, a fundamental process in nonlinear fiber optics, illustrates such experimental issues due to its noise-driven nature, leading to unpredictable dynamics and thus requiring advanced control strategies.

2D borophene: An emerging material for supercapacitor applications.

The progress of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes based on emerging 2D materials has garnered tremendous attention due to their high power density (>10 kW kg) and long charge-discharge cycle life (>10 cycles). Having been discovered in 2015, 2D borophene has emerged as a unique material among the Xenes due to its excellent electron mobility, metallic behaviour, thermal conductivity, Dirac nature, strength, and flexibility, compared to graphene. Theoretical studies show that borophene possesses a high electron density near the Fermi level which contributes to enhanced charge storage capability and quantum capacitance.

Transforming surgical planning and procedures through the synergistic use of additive manufacturing, advanced materials and artificial intelligence: challenges and opportunities.

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a powerful approach in healthcare to augment the functionalities of patient-specific medical products and surgical tools. One such area of the healthcare industry is surgical planning and procedures, where the benefits of AM can revolutionize the industry. AM technologies, commonly known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, can change the conventional surgical methodology from the "open-detect-operate-close" mode to the "detect-open-operate-close" mode.

Interaction of Phosphorylated C5aR1 With β-Arrestin1: A Comparative Structural Modeling Study.

The complement system is an essential element of the immune response, significantly contributing to the body's defense against pathogens by augmenting inflammation, opsonizing pathogens, and promoting cell lysis. The C5aR1 and C5aR2, which interact with the highly potent complement fragment C5a, are a crucial part of this system. C5aR1, a classical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), activates G-proteins upon binding C5a and triggers the proinflammatory signaling cascades.

Resolving atomic-scale stick-slip and sub-moiré frictional modulation in twisted bilayers with variable tip sizes.

The nanoscale frictional properties of moiré superlattices in twisted MoSbilayers are governed by tip-sample interactions and the tunable moiré potential, modulated by twist angle (0°-6°) and strain, enabling tailored frictional responses. However, discrepancies between sharp-tip and larger-tip friction force microscopy measurements obscure lattice-scale dynamics, with theoretical models offering limited insight into tip-size and interlayer displacement effects on frictional amplitude. This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to probe the frictional behaviour of MoSbilayers across tip sizes (0.

Investigating the Role of Various Substitution Strategies in CsAgBiI Double Perovskite Toward the Enhancement of Its Optoelectronic Properties.

Halide double perovskites (HDPs) have emerged as promising non-toxic alternatives to lead-based perovskites for optoelectronic applications. Their electronic and optical properties, particularly the bandgap, can be tuned through elemental doping. In this study, first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) are employed using periodic boundary conditions to investigate the effects of Cu and Na doping on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of the CsAgBiI HDP.

RETRACTED: Thiyagarajan, J.S. Non-Destructive Testing Mechanism for Pre-Stressed Steel Wire Using Acoustic Emission Monitoring. 2020, 5029.

The journal retracts the article "Non-Destructive Testing Mechanism for Pre-Stressed Steel Wire Using Acoustic Emission Monitoring" [...

study of precipitate stability in an Mg-Zn-Zr-Y alloy and its effects on corrosion, antimicrobial and biocompatibility.

Magnesium (Mg) alloy has long been projected as a degradable biomaterial with a special focus on its corrosion behaviour, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In this study, we developed an Mg-5Zn-0.5Zr-0.

Beat of sound generated from NACA0012 airfoil on application of suction-blowing excitation.

The present numerical study explores the effect of periodic suction-blowing excitation (SBE) on sound generation in the flow over a NACA0012 airfoil, with a focus on inducing beats in the resulting sound signals. Simulations are conducted at a Reynolds number (Re) of 5000 and an angle of attack of 5° using direct numerical simulation (DNS) approach where compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved to compute both flow and sound fields directly. At low Re, vortex-shedding generates tonal noise at the Strouhal frequency (St).

Wrapping nonspherical vesicles at bio-membranes.

The wrapping of particles and vesicles by lipid bilayer membranes is a fundamental process in cellular transport and targeted drug delivery. Here, we investigate the wrapping behavior of nonspherical vesicles, such as ellipsoidal, prolate, oblate, and stomatocytes, by systematically varying the bending rigidity of the vesicle membrane and the tension of the initially planar membrane. Using the Helfrich Hamiltonian, triangulated membrane models, and energy minimization techniques, we predict multiple stable-wrapped states and identify the conditions for their coexistence.

Extraction of kaolin and tribo informative analysis of the Al-kaolin composite through machine learning approaches.

Microwave fabrication of aluminium composites has emerged as a novel and trending technique in the current industrial landscape due to its efficiency and energy-saving potential. In this study, Al-kaolin composites were fabricated using microwave energy techniques, focusing on predictive modelling of the microwave-assisted Al-kaolin composite's wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF). The fabricated composites were evaluated for hardness, wear rate, and coefficient of friction (COF) under varying parameters.

Ion beam modification of one-dimensional nano materials: A review.

The distinctive properties in a variation of aspects of one dimensional (1D) nano materials, like the well-known carbon nanotubes, metal oxide nanorods (& tubes), hBN nanotubes etc. have piqued the interest of researchers from both fundamental research and industry. The ability to efficiently modify the properties of 1D nanomaterials has a lot of practical uses.

Predicting gene expression changes from chromatin structure modification.

Spatial organization of chromatin plays a critical role in gene transcription, but connecting population-averaged HiC data to functional outcomes remains a challenge. We present a computational framework linking HiC contact map to gene transcription. Utilizing a bead-spring polymer model informed by HiC contact maps, we generate an ensemble of 3D conformations for a given genomic locus.

Deciphering the Mechanism of Action of a Short, Synthetic Designer AMP Against Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), produced in various organisms, including plants, as a first line of defense, are potent, functionally versatile, fast-acting small peptides with a net charge and diverse structures. Most AMPs demonstrate potent antibacterial activity, and AMPs with multimodal actions can potentially delay the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one of the top 10 global public health challenges categorized by the WHO. Notably, the FDA has already approved several AMPs (Mol.

MXene-transition metal chalcogenide hybrid materials for supercapacitor applications.

The rapid growth of technologies and miniaturization of electronic devices demand advanced the use of high-powered energy storage devices. The energy storage device are utilized in modern wearable electronics, stretchable screens, and electric vehicles. Due to their favorable electrochemical properties, nanomaterials have been used as electrodes for supercapacitors (SCs) with high power density, but they generally suffer from lower energy density than batteries.

Complete genome sequence, metabolic profiling and functional studies reveal is a promising biofilm-forming probiotic with significant antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm potential.

Background: Probiotics restore microbial balance and prevent gut-inflammation. Therefore, finding out novel probiotic strains is a demand. As gut-microbe, benefits of are established.

A simplified framework for assessing waste prevention and minimisation in developing countries within the context of CE, SDGs and ESG principles.

Waste minimisation and prevention are crucial for the circular economy (CE), sustainable development goals (SDGs) and environmental, social and governance (ESG) principles, focusing on waste elimination and resource efficiency. However, there are significant gaps in implementing effective waste minimisation strategies, mainly due to the lack of standardised waste prevention terminologies and indicators. This article introduces a novel simplified and comprehensive framework for assessing waste prevention and minimisation measures tailored to developing countries.

Decoding Anti-Amyloidogenic and Fibril Neutralizing Action of Gut Microbiota-Derived Indole 3-Acetic Acid on Insulin Fibrillation through Multispectroscopic, Machine Learning, and Hybrid Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Approaches.

Insulin fibrillation inflicts both economic and clinical challenges by causing bioactivity loss, inflammation, and adverse effects during storage, transport, and injection. The present study explores antiamyloidogenic and fibril-disaggregating effects of a gut microbiota-derived indole metabolite, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on insulin fibrillation. According to Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assays and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), IAA significantly inhibited both primary and seed-induced fibrillation of insulin.

Understanding the structural and functional implications of lysine succinylation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein 16.3.

Heat shock protein 16.3 (Hsp16.3), a major immunodominant antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, exhibits molecular chaperone function that is essential for pathogen's survival and slow growth inside hosts, as well as for enhancing the efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine.

Mycobacterial Small Heat Shock Proteins: Dissecting Their Roles in Pathogenesis and Development of Therapeutics.

Small heat shock proteins are a ubiquitous family of molecular chaperones. This class of proteins has a conserved α-crystallin domain. , the etiological agent that causes tuberculosis (TB), harbors two α-crystallin-related (Acr) small heat shock proteins, Acr1 (Hsp16.

Relationship between Laterality and Theory of Mind among Typical Adults - A Systematic Literature Review.

Theory of Mind (ToM) is a fundamental social-cognitive ability that enables individuals to comprehend the thoughts, intentions, desires, emotions, and beliefs of others, facilitating effective communication. Any behavior can be explained by laterality; hence, ToM has been extensively examined to determine hemispheric dominance. However, empirical evidence on hemispheric dominance in ToM ability is mixed, with some studies supporting right hemisphere dominance while others suggest left hemisphere dominance.