A simplified framework for assessing waste prevention and minimisation in developing countries within the context of CE, SDGs and ESG principles.

Waste minimisation and prevention are crucial for the circular economy (CE), sustainable development goals (SDGs) and environmental, social and governance (ESG) principles, focusing on waste elimination and resource efficiency. However, there are significant gaps in implementing effective waste minimisation strategies, mainly due to the lack of standardised waste prevention terminologies and indicators. This article introduces a novel simplified and comprehensive framework for assessing waste prevention and minimisation measures tailored to developing countries. The primary contribution of this study lies in proposing relevant indicators aligned with the SDGs, ESG standards, and CE principles, while addressing data scarcity through proxy indicators to enable effective assessment in resource-limited settings. Six key indicators were proposed: Zero Waste Index, Food Loss Index, Extended producer responsibility, Education and awareness programmes for waste minimisation, Waste prevention and Plastic Bag Reduction Ratio. Eleven countries were selected as case studies to demonstrate the framework's applicability. The findings reveal that while these countries are progressing in enacting legislation and recognising the importance of waste prevention, compliance in practice is lacking, as indicated by poor quantitative results in actual waste reduction and diversion. The framework evaluates the environmental, social and economic implications of waste prevention measures, showing wide variations among countries. Each country faces unique challenges, but strengthening policy frameworks, investing in infrastructure, promoting public awareness and fostering collaboration are key steps towards advancing sustainable waste management practices. The study highlights the necessity for tailored policies addressing specific weaknesses while ensuring economic viability. The integrated framework provides actionable insights and forward-thinking solutions that can be adapted, scaled and replicated to address developing nations' unique challenges.