Influence of Neuromuscular Training Interventions on Jump-Landing Biomechanics and Implications for ACL Injuries in Youth Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Various exercise interventions are recommended to reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in females. However, the extent to which these training interventions influence lower-limb landing biomechanics in youth female remains unclear.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively summarise the effectiveness of various training interventions on jump-landing biomechanics in youth females.

Visualizing functional network connectivity differences using an explainable machine-learning method.

. Functional network connectivity (FNC) estimated from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging showed great information about the neural mechanism in different brain disorders. But previous research has mainly focused on standard statistical learning approaches to find FNC features separating patients from control.

Thalamic feedback shapes brain responses evoked by cortical stimulation in mice and humans.

Cortical stimulation with single pulses is a common technique in clinical practice and research. However, we still do not understand the extent to which it engages subcortical circuits that may contribute to the associated evoked potentials (EPs). Here we show that cortical stimulation generates remarkably similar EPs in humans and mice, with a late component similarly modulated by the state of the targeted cortico-thalamic network.

CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for Modifying Immune Checkpoint in CAR-T Cell Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies.

Hematologic malignancies, which arise from dysregulation of hematopoiesis, are a group of cancers originating in cells with diminished capacity to differentiate into mature progeny and accumulating immature cells in blood-forming tissues such as lymph nodes and bone marrow. Immune- targeted therapies, such as Immune Checkpoint Blockade (ICB), chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, and the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) system, a precise, popular, and versatile genome engineering tool, have opened new avenues for the treatment of malignancies. Targeting immune checkpoints has revolutionized FDA approval in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), PD-1 (programmed death-1), and PDL1.

Combination radiation and αPD-L1 enhance tumor control by stimulating CD8+ PD-1+ TCF-1+ T cells in the tumor-draining lymph node.

Combination radiotherapy (RT) and αPD-L1 therapy has potential to enhance local and distant (abscopal) tumor control, however, clinical results in humans have been variable. Using murine melanoma models, we found RT + αPD-L1 increases intra-tumor progenitor CD8+ PD-1+ TCF-1+ T cells. This increase depends on trafficking of the PD-1+ TCF-1+ cells from the tumor-draining lymph node (TdLN) to the tumor.

Nanoparticle delivery of a prodrug-activating bacterial enzyme leads to anti-tumor responses.

Most cancer patients diagnosed with late-stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are treated with chemoradiotherapy, which can lead to toxicity. One potential alternative is tumor-limited conversion of a prodrug into its cytotoxic form. We reason this could be achieved by transient and tumor-specific expression of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), an Escherichia coli enzyme that converts fludarabine into 2-fluoroadenine, a potent cytotoxic drug.

Empowering artificial muscles with intelligence: recent advancements in materials, designs, and manufacturing.

Drawing on foundational knowledge of the structure and function of biological muscles, artificial muscles have made remarkable strides over the past decade, achieving performance levels comparable to those of their natural counterparts. However, they still fall short in their lack of inherent intelligence to autonomously adapt to complex and dynamic environments. Consequently, the next frontier for artificial muscles lies in endowing them with advanced intelligence.

Beneath the surface: revealing deep-tissue blood flow in human subjects with massively parallelized diffuse correlation spectroscopy.

Significance: Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) allows label-free, non-invasive investigation of microvascular dynamics deep within tissue, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in DCS limits its effective cerebral sensitivity in adults, in which the depth to the brain, through the scalp and skull, is substantially larger than in infants.

Aim: Therefore, we aim to increase its SNR and, ultimately, its sensitivity to CBF through new DCS techniques.

Altered functional connectivity and spatiotemporal dynamics in individuals with central disorders of hypersomnolence.

Introduction: Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a sleep disorder characterized by highly disruptive symptoms. Like narcolepsy type 1, a well-characterized sleep disorder, individuals with IH suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness, though there is little overlap in metabolic or neural biomarkers across these two disorders. This lack of common pathophysiology, combined with the clear overlap in symptoms presents an ideal paradigm for better understanding the impact of IH on an individual's functional activity and organization, and potentially, the underlying pathophysiology.

Motion artifact-controlled micro-brain sensors between hair follicles for persistent augmented reality brain-computer interfaces.

Modern brain-computer interfaces (BCI), utilizing electroencephalograms for bidirectional human-machine communication, face significant limitations from movement-vulnerable rigid sensors, inconsistent skin-electrode impedance, and bulky electronics, diminishing the system's continuous use and portability. Here, we introduce motion artifact-controlled micro-brain sensors between hair strands, enabling ultralow impedance density on skin contact for long-term usable, persistent BCI with augmented reality (AR). An array of low-profile microstructured electrodes with a highly conductive polymer is seamlessly inserted into the space between hair follicles, offering high-fidelity neural signal capture for up to 12 h while maintaining the lowest contact impedance density (0.

Multifunctional Janus Nanoparticles Capable of Anchoring to the Cell Membrane and Serving as "Cellular Backpacks" for Advanced Theranostics.

A cell-based theranostic system can be fabricated by attaching nanomedicines to the surface of carrier cells, but it remains a challenge to achieve the attachment without involving endocytosis. Herein, we address this challenge by developing multifunctional Janus nanoparticles with orthogonal surface properties for the two opposite halves. When incubated with carrier cells, the hydrophobic half made of polystyrene readily inserts into the plasma membrane, whereas the hydrophilic SiO half grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) protrudes away from the cell surface.

Understanding Onset, Dynamic Transitions, and Associated Inequality Risk Factors for Adverse Posttraumatic Neuropsychiatric Sequelae After Trauma Exposure.

Objective: Several gaps remain in the understanding of the onset, dynamic transitions, and associated risk factors of adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS) in the acute post-trauma window. Based on serial assessments of symptoms from a large cohort study, we identified homogeneous statuses across multiple APNS symptom domains and investigated the dynamic transitions among these statuses during the first 2 months after trauma exposure. Furthermore, we studied how symptom onset and transitions are affected by equity-relevant characteristics.

Injectable organic-inorganic hybrid hydrogels for bone defect repair.

Bone defects caused by trauma, tumor resection, and surgery present significant clinical challenges, often resulting in complications such as delayed union, nonunion, and even long-term functional impairment. Current treatments, including autografts and allografts, are limited by donor site morbidity, immune rejection, and pathogen transmission, highlighting the need for developing reliable synthetic alternatives. To address these challenges, we report a binary composite hydrogel combining gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and κ-Carrageenan, reinforced with calcium phosphate cements (CPC).

Lysyl-tRNA synthetase 1 promotes atherogenesis via autophagy-related secretion and inflammation.

Lysyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (KARS1), an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, was recently identified as a secreted pro-inflammatory agent. However, the vascular secretion and functions of KARS1 have not been characterized. This study investigated the secretion mechanisms of KARS1 and explored its functional roles in vascular biology.

Childhood adversity is associated with longitudinal white matter changes after adulthood trauma.

Background: Childhood adversity is associated with susceptibility to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adulthood. Both PTSD and adverse experiences in childhood are linked to disrupted white matter microstructure, yet the role of white matter as a potential neural mechanism connecting childhood adversity to PTSD remains unclear. The present study investigated the potential moderating role of previous childhood adversity on longitudinal changes in white matter microstructures and posttraumatic stress symptoms following a recent traumatic event in adulthood.

Recursive Clustering of Cellular Diversity in scRNA-Seq Data.

In scRNA-seq analysis, cell clusters are typically defined by a single round of feature extraction and clustering. This approach may miss phenotypic differences in cell types that are characterized by genes not sufficiently represented in the feature set derived using all cells, such as rare cell types. This work explores an alternative approach, where cell clusters are identified by recursively performing feature extraction and clustering on previously identified clusters, such that each subclustering step uses features that are more specific to distinguishing the higher-resolution subclusters.

Analysis of systemic effects of dioxin on human health through template-and-anchor modeling.

Dioxins are persistent environmental pollutants known for their multiple health effects, from skin rashes to liver dysfunction, reproductive toxicity and cancer. While the hazards of dioxins have been well documented, the challenge of developing a comprehensive understanding of the overall health impact of dioxins remains. We propose to address this challenge with a new approach methodology (NAM) consisting of a novel adaptation of the Template-and-Anchor (T&A) modeling paradigm.

Two-Dimensional, Chiral Colloidal Superlattices Engineered with DNA Origami.

Colloidal crystal engineering is widely recognized as a superior method for creating novel materials in multiple fields. However, achieving chiral superlattices of nanoparticles remains a considerable challenge so far. Here, we spread a two-dimensional (2D), microscale DNA origami array on substrate surfaces to maintain its planar conformation onto which DNA-encoded metal nanoparticles are attached to designated positions, thereby creating 2D chiral superlattices.

ADAM: automated digital phenotyping and morphological texture analysis of bone biopsy images using deep learning.

Histomorphometric analysis of undecalcified bone biopsy images provides quantitative assessment of bone turnover, volume, and mineralization using static and dynamic parameters. Traditionally, quantification has relied on manual annotation and tracing of relevant tissue structures, a process that is time-intensive and subject to inter-operator variability. We developed ADAM, an automated pipeline for digital phenotyping, to quantify tissue and cellular components pertinent to static histomorphometric parameters such as bone and osteoid area, osteoclast and osteoblast count, and bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) area.

Deep learning informed multimodal fusion of radiology and pathology to predict outcomes in HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: We aim to predict outcomes of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), a subtype of head and neck cancer characterized with improved clinical outcome and better response to therapy. Pathology and radiology focused AI-based prognostic models have been independently developed for OPSCC, but their integration incorporating both primary tumour (PT) and metastatic cervical lymph node (LN) remains unexamined.

Methods: We investigate the prognostic value of an AI approach termed the swintransformer-based multimodal and multi-region data fusion framework (SMuRF).

Continuous real-time detection and management of comprehensive mental states using wireless soft multifunctional bioelectronics.

Quantitatively measuring human mental states that profoundly affect cognition, behavior, and recovery would revolutionize personalized digital healthcare. Detecting fatigue, stress, and sleep is particularly important due to their interdependence: persistent fatigue can induce cognitive stress, while chronic stress impairs sleep quality, creating a harmful feedback loop. Here, we introduce a wireless, soft, multifunctional bioelectronic system offering the continuous real-time detection and management of comprehensive mental states.

Longitudinal Associations Between Peritraumatic Oestradiol and Fear Responding in Women and Men.

PTSD is more prevalent in women than men and associated with autonomic dysfunction. Higher oestradiol levels have been associated with decreased PTSD severity, however, the impact of oestradiol on autonomic function is not well characterised. We examined associations among peritraumatic oestradiol levels and autonomic function in the multi-site AURORA study.

Establishing the feasibility and reliability of broadband absorption spectroscopy for measuring cerebral water content in adults.

Broadband absorption spectroscopy (BAS) has the potential to fill an unmet need for a non-invasive monitor of cerebral edema. In this work, we demonstrated the feasibility of BAS to measure water content in the adult human head by quantifying measurement reliability and the influence of ambient light on BAS-measured parameters. We observed strong inter-operator reliability of BAS-measurement of water (R = 0.

Light-Induced Welding of Electrospun Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanofibers in a Nonwoven Mat by Leveraging the Photothermal Effect of Gold Nanocages.

Nonwoven mats of electrospun nanofibers are widely used in an array of applications, including those related to filtration, textiles, and tissue engineering. The performance of the mats is often plagued by their relatively weak mechanical strength due to the lack of bonding at the junction points between fibers. To address this issue, here a controllable technique is demonstrated for welding a nonwoven mat of poly(ε-caprolactone) fibers into an interconnected network by leveraging the photothermal effect of Au nanocages under the irradiation of a near-infrared laser.