Research on Cold Start of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Based on Model Predictive Control.

The cold start of fuel cells limits their wide application. Since the water produced by fuel cells takes up more space when it freezes, it may affect the internal structure of the stack, causing collapse and densification of the pores inside the catalytic layer. This paper mainly analyzes the influence of different startup strategies on the stack cold start, focusing on the change in the stack temperature and the ice volume fraction of the catalytic layer.

TRAP1 Is Expressed in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and Is Required to Maintain their Energetic Status.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe vision loss and blindness in elderly people worldwide. The damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) triggered by oxidative stress plays a central role in the onset and progression of AMD and results from the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced mainly by mitochondria. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) is a mitochondrial molecular chaperone that contributes to the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity by decreasing the production and accumulation of ROS.

Assessing Learner Engagement and the Impact on Academic Performance within a Virtual Learning Environment.

Background: The objective of this pilot study was to examine student engagement with weekly self-paced learning materials in a virtual therapeutics course, and how sub-factors in the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) may have influenced academic performance.

Methods: Students within a diabetes module of a therapeutics course were provided with weekly asynchronous optional self-directed learning activities. Student submissions, on-time rates, self-reported weekly study time, and exam performance were collected.

Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

A stressor-related disorder wherein traumatic experience precipitates protracted disruptions to mood and cognition, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with wide-ranging abnormalities across the body. While various methods have investigated these deviations, only proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H MRS) enables noninvasive measurement of small-molecule metabolites in the living human. H MRS has correspondingly been employed to test hypotheses about the composition and function of multiple brain regions putatively involved in PTSD.

Abnormal linear dichroism transition in two-dimensional PdPS.

The linear dichroism (LD) conversion shows promising applications for polarized detectors, optical transition and light propagation. However, polarity reversal always occurs at a certain wavelength in LD materials, which can only distinguish two wavelength bands as wavelength-selective photodetectors. In this study, the multi-degree-of-freedom of optical anisotropy based on 2D PdPS flakes is carefully described, in which four critical switching wavelengths are observed.

Multiple sclerosis diagnosis and phenotype identification by multivariate classification of in vivo frontal cortex metabolite profiles.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease for which diagnosis continues to rely on subjective clinical judgment over a battery of tests. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H MRS) enables the noninvasive in vivo detection of multiple small-molecule metabolites and is therefore in principle a promising means of gathering information sufficient for multiple sclerosis diagnosis and subtype classification. Here we show that supervised classification using H-MRS-visible normal-appearing frontal cortex small-molecule metabolites alone can indeed differentiate individuals with progressive MS from control (held-out validation sensitivity 79% and specificity 68%), as well as between relapsing and progressive MS phenotypes (held-out validation sensitivity 84% and specificity 74%).

Coherent helicity-dependent spin-phonon oscillations in the ferromagnetic van der Waals crystal CrI.

The discovery of two-dimensional systems hosting intrinsic magnetic order represents a seminal addition to the rich landscape of van der Waals materials. CrI is an archetypal example, where the interdependence of structure and magnetism, along with strong light-matter interactions, provides a new platform to explore the optical control of magnetic and vibrational degrees of freedom at the nanoscale. However, the nature of magneto-structural coupling on its intrinsic ultrafast timescale remains a crucial open question.

Do nurses document all discussions of patient problems and nursing interventions in the electronic health record? A pilot study in home healthcare.

Objective: To assess the overlap of information between electronic health record (EHR) and patient-nurse verbal communication in home healthcare (HHC).

Methods: Patient-nurse verbal communications during home visits were recorded between February 16, 2021 and September 2, 2021 with patients being served in an organization located in the Northeast United States. Twenty-two audio recordings for 15 patients were transcribed.

Decoding the role of macrophages in periodontitis and type 2 diabetes using single-cell RNA-sequencing.

Macrophages are resident myeloid cells in the gingival tissue which control homeostasis and play a pivotal role in orchestrating the immune response in periodontitis. Cell heterogeneity and functional phenotypes of macrophage subpopulations in periodontitis remain elusive. Here, we isolated gingival tissue from periodontitis-affected and healthy sites of patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Social and Emotional Development in a Telehealth-Based Ambulatory Care Skills Course.

To determine the impact of telehealth-based simulations on students' social and emotional development. First-year pharmacy students enrolled in a professional skills course were eligible to participate in the study. Before and after the course, students completed the Personal-Interpersonal Competence Assessment, which codes onto eight subcategories: situation monitoring, inspire others, intimacy, awareness of one's aptitude, initiative to pursue leadership, empathy, sociability, and awareness of one's emotions.

Resequencing of 388 cassava accessions identifies valuable loci and selection for variation in heterozygosity.

Background: Heterozygous genomes are widespread in outcrossing and clonally propagated crops. However, the variation in heterozygosity underlying key agronomic traits and crop domestication remains largely unknown. Cassava is a staple crop in Africa and other tropical regions and has a highly heterozygous genome.

Collaboration on evidence synthesis in Africa: a network study of growing research capacity.

Background: Evidence-based practice in medicine and social policy relies heavily on evidence synthesis. To translate evidence into practical guidelines for low- and middle-income countries, local expertise is essential. The objectives of this study are to assess the change in capacity for conducting evidence synthesis in Africa and to identify key African institutions for regional capacity-building.

Low-Resolution ADCs for Two-Hop Massive MIMO Relay System under Rician Channels.

This paper works on building an effective massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) relay system by increasing the achievable sum rate and energy efficiency. First, we design a two-hop massive MIMO relay system instead of a one-hop system to shorten the distance and create a Line-of-Sight (LOS) path between relays. Second, we apply Rician channels between relays in this system.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a Risk Factor for Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A US Population Study.

Objectives: The goal of this study is to determine if chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in a national database.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: National sample of the United States population.

Monitoring Antihypertensive Medication Adherence by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Method Establishment and Clinical Application.

Proper medication compliance is critical for the integrity of clinical practice, directly related to the success of clinical trials to evaluate both pharmacological-based and device-based therapies. Here, we established a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to accurately detect 55 chemical entities in the human urine sample, which accounting for the most commonly used 172 antihypertensive drugs in China. The established method had good accuracy and intraday and interday precision for all analyses in both bench tests and validated in 21 hospitalized patients.

Concentration of Gallbladder Phosphatidylcholine in Cholangiopathies: A Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Pilot Study.

Background: Biliary phosphatidylcholine (PtdC) concentration plays a role in the pathogenesis of bile duct diseases. In vivo phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( P-MRS) at 7 T offers the possibility to assess this concentration noninvasively with high spectral resolution and signal intensity.

Purpose: Comparison of PtdC levels of cholangiopathic patient groups to a control group using a measured T relaxation time of PtdC in healthy subjects.

Hippocampal single-voxel MR spectroscopy with a long echo time at 3 T using semi-LASER sequence.

The hippocampus is one of the most challenging brain regions for proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) applications. Moreover, quantification of J-coupled species such as myo-inositol (m-Ins) and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) is affected by the presence of macromolecular background. While long echo time (TE) MRS eliminates the macromolecules, it also decreases the m-Ins and Glx signal and, as a result, these metabolites are studied mainly with short TE.

Are Cramér-Rao lower bounds an accurate estimate for standard deviations in in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy?

Due to inherent time constraints for in vivo experiments, it is infeasible to repeat multiple MRS scans to estimate standard deviations on the desired measured parameters. As such, the Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) have become the routine method to approximate standard deviations for in vivo experiments. Cramér-Rao lower bounds, however, as the name suggests, are theoretically a lower bound on the standard deviation and it is not clear if and under what circumstances this approximation is valid.