Untargeted metabolomic genome-wide association study reveals genetic and biochemical insights into polyphenols of apple fruit.

Apple () is one of the most popular fruits grown and consumed worldwide, contributing to human health with significant amounts of polyphenols and other bioactive compounds, and providing positive impacts to the economy and society. Understanding the diversity and inheritance of health-active compounds in apple can provide novel selection criteria for future breeding and cultivar development, as consumers increasingly prioritize the health benefits of their food choices. We therefore conducted an untargeted metabolomic analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) to investigate thousands of semipolar chemicals, mainly phenolic compounds, in 439 diverse apple accessions, and quantified 2066 features in positive ion mode.

Better together: Subgenomes for allotetraploid potato wild relative Solanum acaule Bitt. reveal origins in Petota Clade 3 and 4.

Potato wild relatives (Solanum section Petota) are a source of genetic diversity for climate-smart improvement of modern cultivars (Solanum tuberosum). The allotetraploid Solanum acaule Bitter. has been previously used to introgress frost tolerance into potato cultivars such as Yukon Gold and Viking.

High plant diversity alleviates the negative effects of nitrogen deposition on soil nitrogen cycling multifunctionality.

Introduction: Changes in plant diversity and increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition independently influence soil nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the interactive effects of plant diversity and nitrogen deposition on soil nitrogen cycling multifunctionality (NCMF) in grassland ecosystems remain poorly understood.

Methods: We conducted a fully factorial microcosm experiment to quantify the responses and underlying mechanism of soil NCMF to nitrogen addition (0, 5, and 10 g N m yr.

Polyploidy in potatoes: challenges and possibilities for climate resilience.

Solanum section Petota Dumort. consists of tuber-bearing species (i.e.

The application of shrub willow chip organic amendments impacts soil microbial community dynamics.

Incorporating shrub willow chips into soil may improve the chemical, physical, and biological properties of soils with low organic matter but the impact on soil microbial communities and their dynamics is not known. We assessed changes in the soil microbial communities in response to willow chip applied at increasing rates (0, 20, 40, and 60 Mg ha) in a potato-barley cropping system. Bacterial and fungal community diversity, relative abundance, and potential functions were assessed using amplicon sequencing of 16S and ITS rRNA genes at six time points.

Mapping of a novel locus Ra conferring extreme resistance against potato virus A in cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).

The Ra extreme resistance against potato virus A was mapped to the upper of chromosome 4 in tetraploid potato. Potato virus A (PVA) is one of the major viruses affecting potato worldwide and can cause serious disease symptoms and yield losses. Previously, we determined that potato cultivar Barbara harbors Ry (genotype: Ryryryry) and Ra (genotype: Rararara) that each independently confer extreme resistance to PVA.

The effect of successive summer drought periods on bacterial diversity along a plant species richness gradient.

Drought is a major stressor to soil microbial communities, and the intensification of climate change is predicted to increase hydric stress worldwide in the coming decades. As a possible mitigating factor for the consequences of prolonged drought periods, above and belowground biodiversity can increase ecosystem resistance and resilience by improving metabolic redundancy and complementarity as biodiversity increases. Here, we investigated the interaction effect between plant richness and successive, simulated summer drought on soil microbial communities during a period of 9 years.

Role of CYP9E2 and a long non-coding RNA gene in resistance to a spinosad insecticide in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata.

Spinosads are insecticides used to control insect pests, especially in organic farming where limited tools for pest management exist. However, resistance has developed to spinosads in economically important pests, including Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata. In this study, we used bioassays to determine spinosad sensitivity of two field populations of CPB, one from an organic farm exposed exclusively to spinosad and one from a conventional farm exposed to a variety of insecticides, and a reference insecticide naïve population.

The phased Solanum okadae genome and Petota pangenome analysis of 23 other potato wild relatives and hybrids.

Potato is an important crop in the genus Solanum section Petota. Potatoes are susceptible to multiple abiotic and biotic stresses and have undergone constant improvement through breeding programs worldwide. Introgression of wild relatives from section Petota with potato is used as a strategy to enhance the diversity of potato germplasm.

Cyantraniliprole and Thiamethoxam Exposure Changes Expression of Transcripts Associated with Small Non-Coding RNA Processing in the Colorado Potato Beetle.

The Colorado potato beetle ( (Say)) can cause extensive damage to agricultural crops worldwide and is a significant insect pest. This insect is notorious for its ability to evade various strategies deployed to control its spread and is known for its relative ease in developing resistance against different insecticides. Various molecular levers are leveraged by for this resistance to occur, and a complete picture of the genes involved in this process is lacking.

Assessing watershed-scale impacts of best management practices and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations on water yield.

Changes in water yield are influenced by many intersecting biophysical elements, including climate, on-land best management practices, and landcover. Large-scale reductions in water yield may present a significant threat to water supplies globally. Many of these intersecting factors are intercorrelated and confounded, making it challenging to separate the factors' individual contributions to shaping local streamflow dynamics.

Transcriptome analysis of the synergistic mechanisms between two strains of potato virus Y in Solanum tuberosum L.

Many viruses employ a process known as superinfection exclusion (SIE) to block subsequent entry or replication of the same or closely related viruses in the cells they occupy. SIE is also referred to as Cross-protection refers to the situation where a host plant infected by a mild strain of a virus or viroid gains immunity against a more severe strain closely related to the initial infectant. The mechanisms underlying cross-protection are not fully understood.

Soil organic carbon loss decreases biodiversity but stimulates multitrophic interactions that promote belowground metabolism.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an essential role in mediating community structure and metabolic activities of belowground biota. Unraveling the evolution of belowground communities and their feedback mechanisms on SOC dynamics helps embed the ecology of soil microbiome into carbon cycling, which serves to improve biodiversity conservation and carbon management strategy under global change. Here, croplands with a SOC gradient were used to understand how belowground metabolisms and SOC decomposition were linked to the diversity, composition, and co-occurrence networks of belowground communities encompassing archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates.

The enhancement of photosynthetic performance, water use efficiency and potato yield under elevated CO is cultivar dependent.

As a fourth major food crop, potato could fulfill the nutritional demand of the growing population. Understanding how potato plants respond to predicted increase in atmospheric CO at the physiological, biochemical and molecular level is therefore important to improve potato productivity. Thus, the main objectives of the present study are to investigate the effects of elevated CO on the photosynthetic performance, water use efficiency and tuber yield of various commercial potato cultivars combined with biochemical and molecular analyses.

Pangenome analyses reveal impact of transposable elements and ploidy on the evolution of potato species.

Potato (., family Solanaceae) is the most important noncereal food crop globally. It has over 100 wild relatives in the section , which features species with both sexual and asexual reproduction and varying ploidy levels.

Mucilage secretion by aerial roots in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor): sugar profile, genetic diversity, GWAS and transcriptomic analysis.

Aerial root mucilage can enhance nitrogen fixation by providing sugar and low oxygen environment to the rhizosphere microbiome in Sierra Mixe maize. Aerial root mucilage has long been documented in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), but little is known about the biological significance, genotypic variation, and genetic regulation of this biological process. In the present study, we found that a large variation of mucilage secretion capacity existed in a sorghum panel consisting of 146 accessions.

Exonuclease III Can Efficiently Cleave Linear Single-Stranded DNA: Reshaping Its Experimental Applications in Biosensors.

Exonuclease III (Exo III) has been generally used as a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)-specific exonuclease that does not degrade single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Here, we demonstrate that Exo III at concentrations above 0.1 unit/μL can efficiently digest linear ssDNA.

Regional differences in susceptibility to spinosyn insecticides registered for Colorado potato beetle management in Canada.

The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is the most economically important pest of Canadian potato, and if left uncontrolled, it can completely consume the crop. In the past decade, the control of CPB has relied heavily on systemic insecticides, principally the neonicotinoids thiamethoxam and clothianidin. Resistance to neonicotinoids in CPB has been well documented in the past 2 decades and mechanisms underlying the resistance better understood.

Can species naming drive scientific attention? A perspective from plant-feeding arthropods.

How do researchers choose their study species? Some choices are based on ecological or economic importance, some on ease of study, some on tradition-but could the name of a species influence researcher decisions? We asked whether phytophagous arthropod species named after their host plants were more likely to be assayed for host-associated genetic differentiation (or 'HAD'; the evolution of cryptic, genetically isolated host specialists within an apparently more generalist lineage). We chose 30 arthropod species (from a Google Scholar search) for which a HAD hypothesis has been tested. We traced the etymologies of species names in the 30 corresponding genera, and asked whether HAD tests were more frequent among species whose etymologies were based on host-plant names (e.

Spinosad-associated modulation of select cytochrome P450s and glutathione S-transferases in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata.

The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) is an insect pest that threatens potato crops. Multiple options exist to limit the impact of this pest even though insecticides remain a primary option for its control. Insecticide resistance has been reported in Colorado potato beetles and a better understanding of the molecular players underlying such process is of utmost importance to optimize the tools used to mitigate the impact of this insect.

Evidence for Cardiac Glycosides in Foliage of Colorado Potato Beetle-Resistant .

, the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), is a herbivore that primarily feeds on foliage and is a global pest of the potato agricultural industry. Potato breeding through cross-hybridization with CPB-resistant wild relatives is used for genetic improvement. The wild species was demonstrated to deter CPB feeding in choice and no choice feeding assays.

Susceptibility factor StEXA1 interacts with StnCBP to facilitate potato virus Y accumulation through the stress granule-dependent RNA regulatory pathway in potato.

Plant viruses recruit multiple host factors for translation, replication, and movement in the infection process. The loss-of-function mutation of the susceptibility genes will lead to the loss of susceptibility to viruses, which is referred to as 'recessive resistance'. ( has been identified as a susceptibility gene required for potexvirus, lolavirus, and bacterial and oomycete pathogens.