Real-World Prescribing of Renal and Cardiovascular Protective Drugs in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Analysis of Data From a Western Australian Quaternary Hospital.

Background: In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, semaglutide (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] agonist), and finerenone (non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist) improve renal and cardiovascular outcomes. We assessed real-world prescribing of these drugs in patients with T2D and CKD.

Method: The ReDiCare project retrospectively identified patients with T2D and CKD admitted to an Australian hospital between January 2020 and September 2024 using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision Australian Modification codes.

Mepolizumab treatment and reduced oral corticosteroid exposure improves symptoms of depression and anxiety in severe eosinophilic asthma: data from the Australian Mepolizumab Registry.

Background: The benefits of oral corticosteroid (OCS) stewardship approaches -including monoclonal antibody treatments for severe asthma- on reducing toxic OCS exposure and related comorbidities such as depression and anxiety require real-world evaluation.

Methods: This real-world observational study investigated OCS exposure and associated complications over 24 months in patients enrolled in the Australian Mepolizumab Registry (n = 412).

Results: Patients were median age 59 years, 58 % were female.

The Breath of Revolution: Illness and Metaphor in the Life of Ernesto "Che" Guevara.

This article examines the chronic asthma of Ernesto "Che" Guevara not merely as a biomedical condition, but as a metaphorical and existential element of his revolutionary identity. Drawing on Aristotle's theory of metaphor and S. Sontag's cultural critique of illness, it explores how Guevara's lifelong struggle with asthma shaped his medical vocation and informed his political radicalism.

Psychological distress and negative life events among university students: mapping patterns of exposure and impact.

Background: Early adulthood and commencing university coincide with new life circumstances for many students which increases exposure to negative life events (NLE). Such events can have lasting impacts on student mental health. An exploratory study was conducted in a student sample to examine the frequency of NLE, event co-occurrence, and associated mental health outcomes.

A World That Recognises, Validates, and Supports Young People's Grief: A Co-Designed Study.

Introduction: Grief in young people is a public health challenge, yet little is known about adolescents' and young adults' views on grief support. Young people with lived experience of grief co-designed all aspects of the project.

Methods: Via a youth-led design, we engaged a Youth Advisory Committee and conducted 10 workshops with 42 young people aged 14-24 years (M = 20.

Local progress towards achieving the End TB targets in Ethiopia: a geospatial analysis.

Background: Country-level estimates can mask local geographic variations in progress toward achieving World Health Organization's End TB targets. This study aimed to identify spatial variations in progress toward achieving the TB incidence reduction target at a district level in Ethiopia.

Methods: A Bayesian linear regression model with a conditional autoregressive prior structure was developed to identify drivers of spatial variations in TB incidence reduction across districts and to identify spatial patterns and variations in TB incidence reduction across Ethiopia from 2015 to 2020.

Cognitive frailty and cardiometabolic risk in middle-aged and older adults: evidence from the UK and China.

Background: Cognitive frailty, a novel construct integrating cognitive and physical deficits, is increasingly recognized in aging research.

Aims: This study aimed to examine the associations between cognitive frailty and cardiometabolic risk in two nationally representative cohorts from China and the United Kingdom.

Methods: We analyzed data from 7,628 participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and 4,703 participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), all aged ≥ 50 years.

Evolutionary and anthropological perspectives on the sella turcica: from vertebrate origins to neurosurgical relevance.

The sella turcica, a saddle-shaped depression of the sphenoid bone, serves as a critical anatomical structure housing the pituitary gland and holds significant evolutionary, clinical, and anthropological importance. This review traces the evolutionary origins of the sella turcica from early vertebrates through mammalian and primate evolution, emphasizing its role in the stabilization and protection of neuroendocrine functions. Morphological stability of the sella turcica across hominin evolution highlights strong selective pressures on cranial base anatomy, despite broader craniofacial diversification.

A unified fast multipole boundary element method for acoustic scattering from objects near a fluid-fluid interface.

The unified fast multipole boundary element method (FMBEM) has been adapted to treat acoustic scattering from an elastic inclusion located near to (or embedded on) the interface between two semi-infinite fluid half-spaces. The parallel broadband Helmholtz FMBEM is used to model each fluid domain, while the elastic inclusion is modelled using either the finite element method, or an analogous elastodynamic FMBEM. The boundary integral equation for each fluid half-space is formulated to account for the transmission and reflection of the incident acoustic field from the planar surface of the interface, and so only the scattered field from the elastic inclusion and/or localised surface scattering features on the interface surface are evaluated.

Nitrous Oxide Sourcing, Use and Harms: Insights From Australians Who Use Ecstasy/MDMA and Other Illicit Stimulants.

Introduction: Increasing harms associated with nitrous oxide use have raised concerns, but limited evidence exists to inform harm reduction. This study aimed to identify how nitrous oxide is sourced, the products/forms used, awareness of health risks, engagement in harm reduction and experience of neurological symptoms.

Methods: Data were collected via annual interviews (2021-2023) with cross-sectional convenience samples of Australians who regularly used ecstasy/MDMA and/or other illicit stimulants and reported past 6-month use of nitrous oxide (2021 n = 379; 2022 n = 315; 2023 n = 284).

Developing a machine learning prediction model for postpartum psychiatric admission: Findings from the born in Queensland study.

Background: We utilised novel prenatal depression screening data in a population sample to develop a machine learning-based prediction model for postpartum psychiatric admissions.

Methods: We used health administrative data from Queensland, Australia, containing 945 clinical and demographic variables for 205,495 pregnancies between July 2015 and January 2021. Two machine learning algorithms, gradient-boosted trees and elastic net regularisation, were compared to predict postpartum psychiatric admissions occurring within 12 months of neonatal discharge.

The use of discrete choice experiments in evaluating telehealth: a systematic review.

Background: There is a growing body of evidence from discrete choice experiments related to telehealth. Discrete choice experiments offer valuable insights in informing the design and evaluation of telehealth services and supporting the telehealth implementation and policy.

Objective: This review aims to examine studies assessing consumer preferences for telehealth using discrete choice experiments.

Development and initial psychometric properties of the timed upper limb assessment in older adults with Parkinson's.

Introduction: Upper limb dysfunction is common in people with Parkinson's. This study aimed to pilot and establish the initial psychometric properties of the timed upper limb assessment (TULA), a 10-item timed functional upper limb assessment tool.

Method: A prospective observational study was conducted with 381 participants (202 with Parkinson's, 179 controls).

Enrichment of With Synbiotic and Its Effects on Growth Nutrient Utilization Survival and Gut Microbial Communities of Larval Hybrid Catfish ( × ).

(brine shrimp) is a vital live feed in aquaculture, providing essential nutrients during the early developmental stages of aquatic species. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of synbiotic-enriched as a live feed for hybrid catfish larvae ( × ), using locally isolated probiotics ( and ) and the commercial prebiotic inulin. The study was conducted in two phases.

Impact of Nanonutrient Complex on Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency, and Hematobiochemical Profiles in Asian Catfish, .

Understanding how nanonutrients influence the growth and physiological processes of cultivable fish can boost fish production efficiency with less management, advancing aquaculture toward global food security. In this study, a 60-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of a nanonutrient complex (NNC) on the growth performances and physiology of Asian catfish, . Nanoparticles (NPs; Zn, Cu, and Fe) were synthesized from their metallic salts using an established acoustic method and characterized via scanning electron microscopy.

Content Validation of the Communication Inventory Disability-Observer Reported (CID-OR).

CDKL5 deficiency disorder is a rare and severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy that has profound effects on communication. It is essential that communication be measured accurately for upcoming gene therapy trials. The Communication Inventory Disability-Observer Reported (CID-OR) was developed from a framework of communication derived from parent/caregiver interview data (n = 23), in consultation with disability and communication experts, and after reviewing concepts in existing measures.

Understanding Verbal Violence Perpetration Among Intimate Partner Stalkers Using Police-Identified Psychological Distress and Drug Use.

Background: Stalkers' perpetration of verbal violence causes victims adverse mental health consequences, yet little research has examined this behaviour. Identifying correlates of verbal violence, as present in police data, could support the development of evidence-based practical strategies for police.

Aims: To understand the relationship between men's psychological distress or substance use, as identified by police, and their verbal violence against their female intimate partner stalking victims.

Scalability and scaling-up strategy of a physical activity policy intervention in Australian childcare centres.

There is an urgent need for scalable interventions to promote physical activity in early childhood. An early childhood education and care (ECEC) physical activity policy intervention with implementation support strategies (Play Active) has been proposed for scale-up in Australia. This study sought to assess the scalability of Play Active and describe the Play Active scaling-up strategy.

Adapting the Grog survey app for alcohol screening and feedback in aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health services: a mixed methods study protocol.

Background: Routine use of brief, structured screening tools is essential to detect and provide support for Australians who drink above recommended levels. However, detecting drinking above recommended levels in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australian primary care settings is complex. Inaccuracies in completing a screening tool such as Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption, can lead to errors in estimating drinking in First Nations contexts where group sharing and episodic drinking make it difficult to accurately estimate alcohol consumption with tools that assume regular drinking patterns.

Spatial distribution and determinants of health care access barriers among female Pakistan youths: spatial and multilevel regression analysis.

Introduction: Ensuring universal access to high-quality healthcare services including services free from financial barriers, is a global priority. However, accessing healthcare services remains challenging for youth in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Pakistan. This study investigates the spatial distribution and determinants of healthcare access barriers among female youths in Pakistan.

Asthenospheric flow and lithospheric erosion driving the outward growth of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.

The northeastern (NE) Tibetan Plateau is extruding eastward at a rapid rate (∼15 mm a), but the role of the upper mantle in this process remains unclear. Early-Miocene primary melilitites from the leading edge of the extruding plateau provide critical insights into the upper mantle dynamics. Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb-Os isotopic data, supported by experimental melt comparisons, reveal that these melilitites originate from a hybrid source of CO-bearing mantle source, probably dominated by peridotite and pyroxenite/wehrlite lithologies.

Insights into the relationship between nasal bacterial composition and susceptibility to early-life respiratory disease: a pilot observational study.

Background: Early-life susceptibility to viral respiratory infections is associated with long-term respiratory morbidity in children. Currently, no reliable tools exist to predict susceptibility to these infections. Given its role in modulating pathogen virulence and airway inflammation, the endogenous microbiota represents a potential target for prevention.

Burrunan babble: acoustic characterization of the whistles and burst-pulse sounds of a critically endangered dolphin.

Understanding the vocal repertoire of delphinid species is essential for effective long-term studies. In this research, we present the first quantitative analysis of whistle and burst-pulse sound characteristics for the critically endangered Burrunan dolphin (). Acoustic data were collected from the two known resident populations in Port Phillip Bay (PPB) and the Gippsland Lakes (GL), Victoria, Australia, between 2016 and 2023.