Macrophage cannibalism: efferocytosis in atherosclerosis.

Purpose Of Review: This review explores the evolving understanding of efferocytosis - the clearance of dead or dying cells by phagocytes - in the context of atherosclerosis. It highlights recent discovers in cell death modalities, impaired clearance mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring efferocytosis to stabilize plaques and resolve inflammation.

Recent Findings: Recent studies have expanded the scope of efferocytosis beyond apoptotic cells to include other pro-inflammatory cell death modes, including pyroptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis, revealing context-dependent clearance efficiency and immunological outcomes.

Greenhouse gas emissions associated with anaesthetic gases in Australia, 2002-2022: a retrospective descriptive analysis.

Objectives: To assess changes in greenhouse gas emission rates associated with the use of anaesthetic gases (desflurane, sevoflurane, and isoflurane) in Australian health care during 2002-2022, overall and by state or territory and hospital type.

Study Design: Retrospective descriptive analysis of IQVIA anaesthetic gases purchasing data.

Setting: All Australian public and private hospitals, 1 January 2002 - 31 December 2022.

An electrochemical biosensor for detection of copper(II) based on FeO@Au magnetic nanoparticles and Cu-dependent DNAzyme assisted nicking endonuclease signal amplification.

Copper ions are essential elements in the human body and participate in various physiological activities in the bodies of organisms. Herein, an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor was developed for detection of copper ions (Cu) based on FeO@Au magnetic nanoparticles (FeO@Au MNPs) and a Cu-dependent DNAzyme assisted nicking endonuclease signal amplification (NESA) strategy. dsDNA is formed by a hybridization reaction between DNA S2 and S1 immobilized on the surface of FeO@Au MNPs.

Art therapy with children and adolescents experiencing acute or severe mental health conditions: A systematic review.

Objective: Art therapy offers a predominantly non-verbal form of creative self-expression for people experiencing mental health issues. This systematic review aims to investigate the effectiveness and acceptability of art therapy for children and adolescents experiencing acute or severe mental health conditions.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, five electronic databases were searched (Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, PsychINFO, CINAHL) using the search terms ('art therap*' OR 'art psychotherap*') AND ('child*' OR 'adolescen*' OR 'youth' OR 'young' OR 'teen*').

Anti-plasmid defense in hypervirulent involves Type I-like and Type IV restriction modification systems.

Hypervirulent (hvKp) and classical multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains belong to distinct lineages and hvKp are typically characterized by hypermucoid capsules that have been shown to limit horizontal gene transfer (HGT), including plasmid acquisition. However, the convergence of hypervirulence and MDR is increasingly common worldwide. When we profiled 127 antibiotic-susceptible hvKp strains, we found that most (86%) are highly permissive to plasmid transfer despite their capsules.

Community Palliative Care Patients Attending a Regional Emergency Department: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Emergency department (ED) presentations are common for people in their last year of life, but the characteristics of these presentations by regional patients known to palliative care services are limited. To identify the characteristics and communication that occur when community-based palliative care (CBPC) patients present to the ED. A retrospective, cross-sectional study of CBPC presentations to the ED over 12 months.

The 'Second Shift' in Emergency Medicine: Strengths and Barriers of the Gendered Double Burden.

The 'double burden' (or 'second shift') describes the workload of people in paid employment who are also responsible for unpaid domestic work. Globally, most of this work is shouldered by women and is often undervalued. For women working in Emergency Medicine, the double burden is likely to have impacts on career progression and leadership opportunities, as well as present challenges around competing demands of a rotating roster and domestic labour.

The Viscoelastic Haemostatic Assay Landscape in Queensland, Australia: An Analysis of Use, Indications and Integration.

Background: Viscoelastic haemostatic assays (VHAs) guide transfusion decisions in bleeding patients. We assessed testing volumes, clinical indications and patient characteristics in a statewide population in Australia.

Methods: This retrospective study included all patients who underwent rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) or thromboelastography (TEG) across Queensland Health hospitals (1 January 2019 to 15 April 2025), using data from AUSLAB, the statewide laboratory information system and surveyed all hospitals for VHA device availability.

Solid-state organic electrochemical transistors.

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) continue to be the subject of much detailed and systematic study, being suitable for a diverse range of applications including bioelectronics, sensors, and neuromorphic computing. OECTs conventionally use a liquid electrolyte, and this architecture is well suited for sensing or bio-interfacing applications where biofluids or liquid samples can be used directly as the electrolyte. A more recent trend is solid-state OECTs, where a solid or semi-solid electrolyte such as an ion gel, hydrogel or polyelectrolyte replaces the liquid component for an all-solid-state device.

Generation of mice with combined Hexa Gly269Ser KI or KO and Neu3 KO alleles to create new models of GM2 gangliosidoses.

The GM2 gangliosidoses are lysosomal storage disorders exhibiting a spectrum of neurological phenotypes ranging from childhood death to debilitating adult-onset neurological impairment. To date, no mouse model harbouring a specific human mutation causing GM2 gangliosidosis has been created. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate knockin (KI) mice with the common adult-onset Hexa Gly269Ser variant as well as knockout (KO) mice with Hexa mutations expected to cause complete HexA deficiency.

Molecular switches and real-time ion sensing in pyridinium circuits a single-molecule STM-break junction.

The functional electronic and spectro-electrochemical properties of two structural pyridinium isomers, Py_Down-BF and Py_Up-BF, were studied at the single-molecule level using the STM-BJ technique. These isomers differ in the position of the redox-active pyridinium core. The aim was to identify the role of core's position in promoting reversible switching between electromers (redox isomers) in solution and at the gold-pyridinium-gold junction circuit.

Towards a National Longitudinal Tracking Framework of Health Graduate Practice Locations.

Aims: Workforce maldistribution is a challenge to the equitable provision of healthcare in Australia. This Commentary details how a multi-university, large-scale, and growing data asset is positioned to contribute strategically and operationally to addressing national workforce priorities.

Context: The Nursing and Allied Health Graduate Outcome Tracking (NAHGOT) study is a prospective longitudinal research project with a commitment to nationwide geographical coverage.

Individual and Comorbid Influences of Chronic Stress and a Western Diet on Allostatic Loads and Cardiac Resilience, Adaptation and Proteome Profiles in Male Mice.

Mechanisms underlying cardiovascular, affective, and metabolic (CAM) multimorbidity are incompletely defined. We assessed how two risk factors-chronic stress (CS) and a Western diet (WD)-interact to influence cardiovascular function, resilience, adaptability, and allostatic load (AL); explore pathway involvement; and examine relationships with behavioral, metabolic, and systemic AL. Male C57Bl/6 mice (8 weeks old, n = 64) consumed a control (CD) or WD (12%-65%-23% or 32%-57%-11% calories from fat-carbohydrate-protein) for 17 weeks, with half subjected to 2 h daily restraint stress over the final 2 weeks (CD + CS and WD + CS).

Understanding the Determinants of Use of the Australian Guide to Diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Informing the Review, Development and Dissemination of New National Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Introduction: The Australian Guide to the Diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), developed in 2016, is currently under review. This study aimed to understand how the Guide is used in practice and identify factors influencing its implementation.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with Australian health practitioners involved in the assessment and diagnosis of FASD.

Food, Built and Socio-Economic Environments and Maternal-Infant Outcomes: A Geospatial and Structural Equation Modelling of 163 000 Births.

Objectives: To examine the combined influence of food environment, built environment, socio-economic status and individual factors (maternal age, parity, smoking status and need for an interpreter) on maternal overweight, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and large-for-gestational age (LGA) births in Australia.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Melbourne, Australia.

Factors Contributing to Geographical Variation in Maternal Smoking Rates Among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women.

Issue Addressed: Smoking during pregnancy poses serious health risks for mother and baby. Addressing smoking among pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women is an Australian national priority. This study aimed to understand the geographical variation in rates of not smoking during pregnancy among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women.

Conducting Eating Disorder Research in the Era of Generative AI: Researcher Perspectives and Guidelines From the International Journal of Eating Disorders.

Objectives: Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) could transform how science is conducted, supporting researchers with writing, coding, peer review, and evidence synthesis. However, it is not yet known how eating disorder researchers utilize generative AI, and uncertainty remains regarding its safe, ethical, and transparent use. The Executive Committee of the International Journal of Eating Disorders disseminated a survey for eating disorder researchers investigating their practices and perspectives on generative AI, with the goal of informing guidelines on appropriate AI use for authors, reviewers, and editors.

Effect of forefoot strike and toe-out running on hip contact forces: A musculoskeletal modelling-based study.

Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is an increasingly significant public health concern, contributing to substantial economic and societal burden worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that running may promote cartilage health through optimal joint loading. However, it remains unclear how modifications to running posture, such as altering footstrike patterns or adjusting foot progression angles, affect hip contact forces (HCF).

Feasibility of an antimicrobial stewardship program in four district hospitals in Vietnam.

Background: Excessive and improper use of antimicrobials is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) addresses this by promoting judicious use of antimicrobials. This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of an AMS program in district hospitals in Vietnam.

A Scoping Review of Chemical, Pharmacological and Toxicological Properties and Clinical Applications of Australian Indigenous Medicine.

Indigenous Australians have long recognised and utilised the therapeutic potential of Australian native plants for generations to treat and manage various diseases. In recent years, these native plants have been explored in preclinical research for their chemical profiles and therapeutic properties for conditions such as skin disorders, colds and flu, various cancers, neurological disorders, metabolic syndrome, and other inflammatory conditions. Notable species studied include Kakadu plum, Davidson's plum, Burdekin plum, Illawarra plum, anise myrtle, lemon myrtle, lemon aspen, quandong, muntries, and Tasmanian pepperberry.