Evolutionary and anthropological perspectives on the sella turcica: from vertebrate origins to neurosurgical relevance.

The sella turcica, a saddle-shaped depression of the sphenoid bone, serves as a critical anatomical structure housing the pituitary gland and holds significant evolutionary, clinical, and anthropological importance. This review traces the evolutionary origins of the sella turcica from early vertebrates through mammalian and primate evolution, emphasizing its role in the stabilization and protection of neuroendocrine functions. Morphological stability of the sella turcica across hominin evolution highlights strong selective pressures on cranial base anatomy, despite broader craniofacial diversification.

Variations in the anatomy of the basal vein of Rosenthal: a systematic review.

Background: The basal vein of Rosenthal (BVR) is a venous structure in the deep cerebral venous system. It plays an important role in cerebral hemorrhages, particularly subarachnoid hemorrhages and perimesencephalic hemorrhages. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the BVR's anatomical and functional classification and its role in various clinical situations.

Pain, Function, and Elastosonographic Assessment After Shockwave Therapy in Non-Calcific Supraspinatus Tendinopathy: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Non-calcific supraspinatus tendinopathy (SNCCT) is a frequent cause of shoulder pain, often associated with functional impairment and reduced quality of life. Recent advancements in diagnostic imaging, including shear wave elastography (SWE), provide quantitative data on tendon stiffness and thickness, facilitating more precise evaluations. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has emerged as a minimally invasive and effective treatment for SNCCT, but its effects on tendon properties measured through SWE require further investigation.

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Focused Vibrations Plus Kinesiotaping with Insights into Radiological Influences-An Observational Study.

Background: This observational study investigates the efficacy of combining local muscle vibration (LMV) therapy and kinesiotaping using the McConnell method (KMcCM) in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). PFPS is a prevalent knee condition characterized by anterior or medial knee pain exacerbated by activities that overload the patellofemoral joint.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of LMV combined with KMcCM in reducing pain and improving function in PFPS patients.

Macular Alterations in a Cohort of Caucasian Patients Affected by Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Objectives: Our objective was to investigate the prevalence of macular complications detected by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a large Caucasian cohort of RP patients, highlight the major alterations in chorioretinal structure, and compare the macular structural changes in eyes affected by retinal dystrophies with those in healthy controls.

Methods: This was an observational, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. Three hundred and seven patients with RP were consecutively enrolled and underwent clinical assessment.