Correction: Ultrasound detection of normal parathyroid glands: detection rate, topographic anatomy and the role of underlying thyroid disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2025.

Ultrasound detection of normal parathyroid glands: detection rate, topographic anatomy, and the role of underlying thyroid disease.

Introduction: Visualizing normal parathyroid glands (PTGs) using ultrasound (US) has historically been challenging. This study aims to assess the detection rate of normal PTGs in thyroid patients and evaluate their echostructure, anatomical location and their relation with the underlying thyroid pathology.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted over four weeks (September-October 2024) at the Thyroid Unit of Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC).

Proctoring in robot-assisted urologic surgery: insights from a multicenter survey.

The implementation of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) requires structured educational models to ensure safety, efficacy, and procedural standardization. Among these, proctoring, where experienced robotic surgeons support peers during their early procedures, plays a pivotal role. However, specific evidence in the current literature remains limited.

Investigating intraoperative parathyroid hormone criteria for enhanced accuracy and surgical success in treating primary hyperparathyroidism: results from two tertiary referral centres.

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder necessitating surgical intervention for definitive treatment. Measurement of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (ioPTH) has revolutionized surgical management, but interpreting the results remains a subject of debate. This retrospective study, evaluated the efficacy of the Miami criterion (a > 50% decrease in ioPTH level 10 minutes after parathyroid removal) in predicting surgical success and whether meeting this criterion reduced persistence rates.

Variations in the anatomy of the basal vein of Rosenthal: a systematic review.

Background: The basal vein of Rosenthal (BVR) is a venous structure in the deep cerebral venous system. It plays an important role in cerebral hemorrhages, particularly subarachnoid hemorrhages and perimesencephalic hemorrhages. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the BVR's anatomical and functional classification and its role in various clinical situations.

Frailty and urinary symptoms share pathophysiological mechanisms involved in disease progression in people with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Urinary symptoms represent a significant source of distress and disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), but the factors influencing their occurrence and exacerbation remain unclear. Frailty has been proposed as a measure of clinical complexity in MS and has been associated with its main phenotypic manifestations. The present study investigated the relationship between frailty and the presence and burden of urinary symptoms in MS.

Genitofemoral nerve course and branching variations: what we see during laparoscopic extended pelvic lymph-node dissection in radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer and how to avoid intraoperative lesions? A retrospective analysis.

Background: The genitofemoral nerve is the most variable nerve of the lumbar plexus, in terms of its course and bifurcation, thus it must be taken into consideration during extended pelvic lymph node dissection. Its borders, during robotic, laparoscopic or open radical prostatectomy for intermediate or high-grade prostate cancer, have long been defined and must be usually respected; the genitofemoral nerve represents the extended pelvic lymph-node dissection lateral boundary and may vary from case to case putting its integrity at risk.

Materials And Methods: For the first time, here the authors report genitofemoral nerve branching pattern data obtained extended pelvic lymph node dissection during videolaparoscopic radical prostatectomyand propose a further sub-classification to identify the exact genitofemoral nerve bifurcation point in correlation with the injury risk.

Early Detection of the Pathogenetic Variants of Homologous Recombination Repair Genes in Prostate Cancer: Critical Analysis and Experimental Design.

It has been shown that the pathogenic variants (PVs) of the DNA Damage Response (DDR) genes, whether of a germinal or somatic nature, represent a predictive biomarker of high sensitivity to treatment with inhibitors of the enzyme poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) in patients with hormone-resistant metastatic prostate cancer (HRPCa). Moreover, the detection of PVs of the Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) genes in PCa patients can help to define the patient's prognosis and the choice of the therapeutic procedure. Among men with metastatic PCa, the frequency of PVs in HRR genes ranges from 11% to 33%, which is a significantly higher rate compared to non-metastatic PCa, where the incidence is between 5% and 10%.

The mummy of Pharaoh Amenhotep III (reigned ca. 1388-1351 BC) and its facial approximation: An anatomical approach.

This article offers for the first time a facial approximation of the Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Amenhotep III (reigned ca. 1388-1351 BC) based on photographic material of his mortal remains and anthropometric data collected at the time, and by adopting a novel technique previously used in similar research by our team. A comprehensive discussion of the mummy attributed to Pharaoh Amenhotep III is also annexed to the study, focusing on the bioarcheological and embalming aspects.

Real-Life Comparative Analysis of Robotic-Assisted Versus Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy in a Single Centre Experience.

: The advantage of a robotic-assisted (RARP) over a laparoscopic (LRP) approach in radical prostatectomy (RP) remains to be demonstrated. : The aim of the study is to use a homogeneous population in real life and single primary surgeon surgery to analyze the oncological and functional results based on the type of surgical approach and pathological features. : This is a prospective trial on non-metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) patients considered after a multidisciplinary decision to conduct a RP, using a RARP or LRP approach.

As the Worm Turns-A Rare Cause of Intestinal Obstruction.

Background: Anisakiasis, a zoonotic disease caused by the nematode Anisakis, poses a significant concern for public health, particularly in regions with high consumption of raw or undercooked fish.

Case Presentation: We present a case report of a 41-year-old woman who developed severe abdominal symptoms, ultimately diagnosed with intestinal obstruction due to Anisakis infestation, requiring surgery. Despite the absence of prominent eosinophilia or specific radiological findings, the diagnosis was confirmed through histological examination, highlighting the importance of considering anisakiasis in patients with a history of raw seafood consumption.

Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effects of Harmine on Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an extremely difficult disease to tackle, with an overall patient survival of only a few months. The currently used therapeutic drugs, such as kinase inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors, can prolong patient survival but fail to eradicate the tumor. In addition, the onset of drug resistance and adverse side-effects over time drastically reduce the chances of treatment.

Intermittent Versus Continuous Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Biochemical Progression After Primary Therapy in Hormone-Sensitive Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer: Comparative Analysis in Terms of CRPC-M0 Progression.

Introduction: To analyze whether the use of an intermittent (IAD) versus continuous (CAD) androgen deprivation therapy for the treatment of biochemical progression after primary treatments in prostate cancer can influence the development of nonmetastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC-M0).

Patients: 170 male patients with an histologically confirmed diagnosis of PC, presenting a biochemical progression after primary treatments (82 after radical prostatectomy and 88 after external radiation therapy), nonmetastatic at imaging were considered for continuous (85 cases) or intermittent (85 cases) administration of androgen deprivation therapy.

Methods: we retrospectively collect all data regarding histological diagnosis, primary treatment, imaging for M0-M1 staging, PSA at progression, time to biochemical progression from primary therapy, ADT used, IAD cycles, so to compare in 2 groups (IAD vs.

Is It Time to Anticipate the Use of PARP Inhibition in Prostate Cancer Patients?

The increasing diffusion of genetic analysis regarding the pathogenetic variants (PVs) of genes involved in DNA Damage Repair (DDR) mechanisms and the development of Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) led to the first valid precision medicine option tailored toward metastatic prostate cancer (mPC). The concept of anticipation in the systemic treatment of mPC was initially adopted for androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) to describe the expansion of their indications, from the setting of the late-stage second-line treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) to first-line therapy in selected cases. There is already mounting evidence in favor of the anticipation of PARPis in the first line of mCRPC therapy, and further evidence in favor of mHSPC is emerging.

Exosome Analysis in Prostate Cancer: How They Can Improve Biomarkers' Performance.

Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles (EV), that is, carriers of different biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. Their composition and the fact that their release dramatically increases in cases of tumorigenesis open up different scenarios on their possible application to research into new biomarkers. The first purpose of the present review was to specifically analyze and compare different methodologies available for the use of exosomes in prostate cancer (PC).

Comparison of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy performed with AirSeal® system vs. standard insufflator: results from a referral center.

Objective: To compare perioperative and oncologic surgical outcomes during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) performed by standard carbon dioxide insufflation, with those from surgeries in which the AirSeal® intelligent insufflation system was used for renal tumors.

Materials And Methods: A total of 27 patients with renal tumor were identified, 14 underwent LPN with AirSeal® (group A) and 13 LPN with standard insufflator (group B), respectively. Demographic baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups.

The Risk of Malignant Degeneration of Müllerian Derivatives in PMDS: A Review of the Literature.

Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome (PMDS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of sex development characterized by the presence of fallopian tubes, uterus and upper one-third of the vagina in individuals with XY genotype and normal male phenotype. The main complications of PMDS are infertility and the rare risk of malignant degeneration of both testicular and Müllerian derivatives. We report the case of a 49-year-old man who, during repair of an incisional hernia, was incidentally found to have a uterine-like structure posterior to the bladder.

Comparison of Four Validated Nomograms (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Briganti 2012, 2017, and 2019) Predicting Lymph Node Invasion in Patients with High-Risk Prostate Cancer Candidates for Radical Prostatectomy and Extended Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection: Clinical Experience and Review of the Literature.

Background: The indication for extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) at the time of radical prostatectomy (RP) is based on nomograms predicting the risk of lymph node invasion (LNI). However, limited data are available on the comparison of these predictive models in high-risk prostate cancer (PC) patients. Therefore, we compared the accuracy of the most used nomograms (MSKCC, Briganti 2012, 2017, and 2019) in the setting of high-risk PC patients submitted to ePLND.

Comparative Prospective and Longitudinal Analysis on the Platelet-to-Lymphocyte, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte, and Albumin-to-Globulin Ratio in Patients with Non-Metastatic and Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the albumin/globulin ratio (AGR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) diagnostic and prognostic predictive value in a stratified population of prostate cancer (PC) cases.

Methods: Population was divided based on the clinical and histologic diagnosis in: Group A: benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cases (494 cases); Group B: all PC cases (525 cases); Group B1: clinically significant PC (426 cases); Group B2: non-metastatic PC (416 cases); Group B3: metastatic PC (109 cases). NLR, PLR, and AGR were obtained at the time of the diagnosis, and only in cases with PC considered for radical prostatectomy, determinations were also repeated 90 days after surgery.

Thyroid and renal cancers: A bidirectional association.

There is a deep interrelation between the thyroid gland and the kidney parenchyma, with dysfunction of the first leading to significant changes in renal metabolism and . Given the recognition of cancer as a systemic disease, the raise of thyroid tumors and the common association of several malignancies, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and other, with an increased risk of kidney disease, public health alert for these conditions is warranted. A systematic review of the current evidence on the bidirectional relationship between thyroid and renal cancers was conducted including 18 studies, highlighting patient's characteristics, histology, time for secondary malignancy to develop from the first diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.

A Retrospective Case Series in Fournier's Disease: And Its Emergency Management et Grafting Technique for Penis Coverage.

Fournier's gangrene is a necrotizing soft tissue infection of the genital, perineal, and perirectal areas. A primary isolated involvement of the penis is rare, but it can be affected in some circumstances. The purpose of this case series is to present the findings of our thirteen years' experience in the reconstruction of the penis in Fournier's gangrene and our full-thickness grafting technique to cover the penis rod.

Is Melanoma Progression Affected by Thyroid Diseases?

Clinical and epidemiological evidence indicate a relationship between thyroid diseases and melanoma. In particular, the hypothyroidism condition appears to promote melanoma spread, which suggests a protective role of thyroid hormones against disease progression. In addition, experimental data suggest that, in addition to thyroid hormones, other hormonal players of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, namely the thyrotropin releasing hormone and the thyrotropin, are likely to affect melanoma cells behavior.

Thyroid Diseases and Breast Cancer.

Epidemiological studies aimed at defining the association of thyroid diseases with extra-thyroidal malignancies (EM) have aroused considerable interest in the possibility of revealing common genetic and environmental factors underlying disease etiology and progression. Over the years, multiple lines of evidence indicated a significant relationship between thyroid carcinomas and other primary EM, especially breast cancer. For the latter, a prominent association was also found with benign thyroid diseases.

Mesenteric Cyst with GI Symptoms: A Fluid Approach to Treatment-Case Report and Literature Review.

Mesenteric cysts are defined as a heterogeneous group of intra-abdominal cystic lesions of the mesentery or omentum that may be found in any portion of the gastrointestinal tract from the duodenum to the rectum. The clinical condition is entirely asymptomatic in many patients, particularly with small cysts. The diagnosis is typically incidental and secondary to imaging performed for other purposes.

Papillary Thyroid Cancer Prognosis: An Evolving Field.

Over the last few years, a great advance has been made in the comprehension of the molecular pathogenesis underlying thyroid cancer progression, particularly for the papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), which represents the most common thyroid malignancy. Putative cancer driver mutations have been identified in more than 98% of PTC, and a new PTC classification into molecular subtypes has been proposed in order to resolve clinical uncertainties still present in the clinical management of patients. Additionally, the prognostic stratification systems have been profoundly modified over the last decade, with a view to refine patients' staging and being able to choose a clinical approach tailored on single patient's needs.