Cannabidiol Is Associated with Improved Survival in Pancreatic Cancer and Modulation of Bile Acids and Gut Microbiota.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most aggressive malignancies, with dismal survival rates. Cannabinoids have shown anticancer properties in various cancers, including PDAC. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer effects of cannabinoids, individually and in combination, and to elucidate their mechanisms of action in a murine PDAC model (KPC mice, KRASWT/G12D/TP53WT/R172H/Pdx1-Cre+/+) that mimics human disease.

Personal and General Views on Aging, Non-Communicable Diseases, and Their Interaction as Cross-Sectional Correlates of Vigorous Physical Activity in UK Individuals Aged 50.

: This study investigated the cross-sectional associations of personal and general views on aging, number of non-communicable diseases, and their interactions as cross-sectional predictors of vigorous physical activity. : Participants were 1699 individuals aged 50 years and over (Mean age = 67.79) and living in the community in the UK; 70.

Perinatal and Childhood Risk Factors of Adverse Early Childhood Developmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review Using a Socioecological Model.

Adverse early childhood developmental outcomes across physical, cognitive, language, communication, and socioemotional domains are major global health concerns. This systematic review aimed to synthesise perinatal and childhood risk factors using a socioecological model. We searched six databases for cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies published between January 2000 and January 2024.

A Closer Look at Parental Narratives: A Qualitative Analysis of Parental Entries in Neonatal Research Diaries of Preterm Infants Participating in the REPORT-BPD Feasibility Study.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease affecting preterm infants, often resulting in prolonged neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stays and significant parental stress. The experiences of parents navigating their preterm infant's early NICU journey are important to support clinical trials to improve infant outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore parental perceptions of their infant's health progression during the first 10 days of life through personal diary entries and their correlation with the echo scans assessments, as part of the Exploring Right vEntricular function applicability in a Prediction mOdel to identify pReterm infanTs with early BronchoPulmonary Dysplasia (REPORT-BPD) feasibility study.

Silence as a Quiet Strategy: Understanding the Consequences of Workplace Ostracism Through the Lens of Sociometer Theory.

Existing research has predominantly framed defensive silence as an avoidance response to interpersonal mistreatments. Moving beyond this view, this study theorizes defensive silence as a proactive strategy for managing interpersonal relationships through the lens of sociometer theory. We posit that workplace ostracism will reduce employees' organization-based self-esteem (OBSE), which in turn increases their subsequent defensive silence to avert further damage to relationships.

Parent training tailored for parents with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Parents who themselves have Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) tend to benefit less from conventional parent training (PT) interventions than parents without ADHD, reporting suboptimal effects on both parenting-related outcomes and child externalizing or oppositional behaviors. Therefore, we examined the efficacy of a PT protocol tailored to adults with ADHD called Improving Parenting Skills Adult ADHD (IPSA), using a randomized controlled trial design.

Methods: N = 109 self-referred parents with ADHD who had a child with or without ADHD aged 3 to 11 years were randomized to receive IPSA in addition to their routine services (n = 55) or to a comparison group continuing their routine services only (n = 54).

Health care professionals' attitudes, behaviours and barriers toward exercise promotion among patients: A systematic review.

Objective: To determine health care professionals' (HCPs) attitudes, behaviours, and barriers toward exercise promotion among patients.

Method: Using systematic review methodology, we included published studies focusing on health care professionals' attitudes, behaviours, and barriers towards exercise promotion among patients. The search was conducted in June 2023, using the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Plus, and Scopus databases, and returned 352 records, of which 34 met the inclusion criteria.

Contamination rates in serially sampled sputum specimens obtained during tuberculosis treatment to capture culture conversion.

Sputum cultures are the gold standard for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment monitoring. However, cultures in MGIT liquid media are susceptible to microbial contamination, often rendering them uninterpretable. Research has shown that maintaining strict cold chains and supervised sample collection can reduce contamination rates, but few longitudinal studies with weekly sampling have explored this.

Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/hyperkinetic disorder of pediatric and adult populations in clinical settings: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)/Hyperkinetic Disorder (HD) is linked to increased risks of morbidity, comorbidity and mortality, with higher prevalence in clinical populations. The differential prevalence of ADHD/HD across adult and pediatric clinical populations, influenced by factors such as time trends, sex, age, geographic regions, and comorbidities, has not been systematically assessed.

Methods: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to 1st August 2023 for eligible full-text papers published in English, and reviewing reference lists of identified studies and review papers.

Radial versus femoral access for percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with chronic coronary disease.

Guidelines recommend trans-radial access (TRA) for all percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, no randomized trials have shown a lower mortality when compared to the femoral approach in chronic coronary disease and femoral access may be preferred in certain situations. Consecutive eligible patients in a multicentre registry between 2014 - 2020 were included.

Mechanisms of Change in Exposure Therapy for Anxiety and Related Disorders: A Research Agenda.

Anxiety and related disorders are a significant public health burden with rising prevalence in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. As demand for effective anxiety treatment increases, so too does the need for strategies to bolster treatment outcomes. Research on the mechanisms of exposure therapy, the frontline behavioral treatment, will be critically important for optimizing clinical outcomes.

Commonly observed sex differences in direct aggression are absent or reversed in sibling contexts.

Decades of research support the generalization that human males tend to be more aggressive than females. However, most of that research has examined aggression between unrelated individuals. Data drawn from 24 societies around the globe ( = 4,013) indicate that this generalization does not hold in the context of sibling relationships.

High Expression of NTRK1 in ETV6::RUNX1 Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Drives Factor Independence and Sensitivity to Larotrectinib.

Background: ETV6::RUNX1 is one of the most common recurrent genomic abnormalities in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and is associated with a good prognosis. High expression of NTRK1, encoding tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), confers a poor prognosis in other malignancies and may contribute to therapy resistance in patients with ETV6::RUNX1 B-ALL.

Method: Relapse-free survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analyses.

Scanning the respiratory service landscape in NSW-based Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services.

Background: Chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), disproportionately impact the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population of Australia. Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHSs) are primary care services, established to provide healthcare in culturally safe environments for Aboriginal people. There is little information about the respiratory services for people with chronic respiratory diseases provided by ACCHSs.

Predicting regional and temporal incidence of RSV and influenza hospitalizations in a birth cohort of young Australian children.

Western Australia (WA) experiences multiple climatic zones, influencing the epidemiology of respiratory viruses. We aimed to estimate the true incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza hospitalizations across these different climatic regions using predictive modelling. We conducted a population-based cohort study using linked perinatal, hospitalization and microbiological data of children aged < 5 years, born in WA between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2021.

Immune profiling in oncology: bridging the gap between technology and treatment.

Immune profiling has become a transformative tool in oncology, offering comprehensive information on tumor immune interactions and facilitating precision medicine. Recent advances such as mass cytometry (CyTOF), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics, and liquid biopsy have greatly enhanced our ability to characterize immune heterogeneity and predict treatment responses. These innovations support the identification of new biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and resistance mechanisms, refining patient stratification and clinical results.

Economic evaluation of evidence-based strategies to reduce unhealthy alcohol use: a resource allocation guide.

Introduction: In the context of limited budgets to implement public health measures, cost-effectiveness is an important factor for policy makers to consider. Evidence from high-income countries on the outcomes and costs of interventions demonstrating success in reducing alcohol-related harm offers valuable guidance for resource allocation decisions in low- and middle-income settings.

Methods: Published reviews of interventions shown or likely to reduce alcohol-attributable harm were identified.

A case study evaluation of the Nutrition Society of Australia's Mentoring Program for Registered Nutritionists.

Objective: To explore the development of the Nutrition Society of Australia's (NSA) mentoring program for Registered Nutritionists and evaluate the experience of the nutrition professionals participating in the mentoring program.

Design: Case study evaluation utilising a focus group, individual semi-structured interviews, open-ended survey responses, and document analysis, via an interpretivist lens.

Setting: Australia.

The Burden of Air Pollution (PM) in Subnational Australian Life Expectancy.

Australia is renowned for having some of the cleanest air globally, yet air pollution remains a persistent issue that significantly impacts life expectancy. This study quantifies the burden of annual ambient particulate matter (PM) in Australia's life expectancy: measuring life-years lost (LYL) from 2001-2019, considering geographical and demographic differences. Data were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the Australian Human Mortality Database, and the Centre for Safe Air.

Boosting the influenza vaccine schedule in children with cancer: a prospective open-label study.

Current immunization guidelines recommend one dose of influenza vaccine for children aged ≥9 years and two doses for younger or vaccine-naïve children. However, children receiving chemotherapy have an attenuated immune response. We performed a prospective open-label study in children undergoing treatment for cancer at Perth Children's Hospital, Western Australia, to examine the safety and efficacy of a boosted influenza schedule.

The Aged Care Onsite Pharmacist (ACOP) program in Australia: a qualitative study to examine key considerations for successful implementation in residential aged care homes.

Introduction: The Aged Care Onsite Pharmacist (ACOP) program was recently launched in Australia to enable pharmacists to deliver clinical governance, clinical pharmacy and education services on the ground in residential aged care homes (RACHs). As the program is now being scaled up nationally, it is crucial to understand the complex interactions between various factors at the individual and organisational levels to ensure the program is successfully implemented and achieves its ultimate goal of improving the quality use of medicines in RACHs.

Aim: This qualitative study aimed to explore stakeholders' perspectives on medication management, perceived value of onsite pharmacists, and key considerations for successful program implementation in RACHs.

The impact of perfectionism on treatment outcomes of mental health disorders: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

Perfectionism is associated with multiple mental health disorders, but its role as a prognostic factor in treatment outcomes remains debated. This systematic review assessed the impact of perfectionism on mental health disorder treatment outcomes. Seven databases were searched from to 11 October 2024, for randomised controlled trials that examined the relationship between perfectionism and treatment outcomes.