Multi-omic analysis reveals a key BCAT1 role in mTOR activation by B-cell receptor and TLR9.

B-lymphocytes play major adaptive immune roles, producing antibody and driving T-cell responses. However, how immunometabolism networks support B-cell activation and differentiation in response to distinct receptor stimuli remains incompletely understood. To gain insights, we systematically investigated acute primary human B-cell transcriptional, translational and metabolomic responses to B-cell receptor (BCR), Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), CD40-ligand (CD40L), interleukin-4 (IL4) or combinations thereof.

Daylight Savings Time and Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Importance: Previous data suggest that the time changes associated with daylight savings time (DST) may be associated with an increased incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Objective: To determine whether the incidence of patients presenting with AMI is greater during the weeks during or after DST and compare the in-hospital clinical events between the week before DST and after DST.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study examined patients enrolled in the Chest Pain MI Registry from 2013 to 2022.

Advances in diagnosis and therapy for upper gastrointestinal Crohn's disease.

Purpose Of Review: Crohn's disease is a chronic, relapsing and remitting inflammatory process that can involve the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract. Upper gastrointestinal involvement (UGI) in Crohn's disease is present in up to 15% of patients and can present as a diagnostic challenge given nonspecific symptoms and overlapping disease entities. This review provides an update on diagnosing and risk stratifying UGI-CD.

Real-world outcomes of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer: Predictors of surgery, pathologic complete response, and event-free survival.

Background: Trials of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (chemoIO) have changed the standard of care for resectable nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study characterizes the outcomes of off-trial patients who received treatment with neoadjuvant chemoIO.

Methods: The authors analyzed records of patients with stage IB-III NSCLC who received neoadjuvant chemoIO with an intent to proceed to surgical resection at three US academic institutions.

Emphysema at Baseline Low-Dose CT Lung Cancer Screening Predicts Death from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Up to 25 Years Later.

Background The prognostic value of baseline visual emphysema scoring at low-dose CT (LDCT) in lung cancer screening cohorts is unknown. Purpose To determine whether a single visual emphysema score at LDCT is predictive of 25-year mortality from all causes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Materials and Methods In this prospective cohort study, asymptomatic adults aged 40-85 years with a history of smoking underwent baseline LDCT screening for lung cancer between June 2000 and December 2008.

Current and Developing Approaches for Facilitating Emergence from General Anesthesia.

Despite the widespread use of clinical anesthesia, the process of emergence from general anesthesia remains primarily driven by anesthetic elimination. Although emergence from general anesthesia is typically safe, prolonged delays strain resource-intensive settings and contribute to increased healthcare costs. In addition to improving access to care, providing clinicians with more precise control over emergence could offer diagnostic potential and improve patient outcomes.

Hepatitis B Virus in Jordan: Prevalence, Incidence and Clearance From Cross-Sectional and Cohort Studies.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health challenge, with the World Health Organization (WHO) targeting its elimination by 2030. Jordan lacks sufficient data on HBV epidemiology, including prevalence, incidence and clearance. This study addresses these gaps through a retrospective analysis of HBV testing data from 40,268 individuals collected at Biolab Diagnostic Laboratories (2010-2024).

Genome-Wide Insights Into the Genes and Pathways Shaping Human Foveal Development: Redefining the Genetic Landscape of Foveal Hypoplasia.

Purpose: To define the genetic architecture of foveal morphology and explore its relevance to foveal hypoplasia (FH), a hallmark of developmental macular disorders.

Methods: We applied deep-learning algorithms to quantify foveal pit depth from central optical coherence tomography (OCT) B-scans in 61,269 UK Biobank participants. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using REGENIE, adjusting for age, sex, height, and ancestry.

Cell state dynamics during early stages of serous endometrial carcinoma.

Serous endometrial carcinoma (SEC) is one of the most lethal types of uterine cancer, responsible for about 40% of all endometrial cancer-related deaths. Cell state dynamics during the early stages of SEC remain largely unknown, thereby hindering early detection and treatment of this disease. Here, we provide a comprehensive census of cell types and their states for normal, predysplastic, and dysplastic endometrium in a genetic mouse model of SEC.

Considerations in Pursuing Reaction Scope Generality.

The term "generality" has recently been popularized in synthetic chemistry, owing largely to the increasing use of high-throughput technology for producing vast quantities of data and the emergence of data science tools to plan and interpret these experiments. Despite this, the term has not been clearly defined, and there is no standardized approach toward developing a method with a diverse (general) scope. This minireview will examine different emerging strategies toward achieving generality using selected examples and aims to give the reader an overview of modern workflows that have been used to expedite this pursuit.

Abscisic Acid and Calcium Signals Convergently Regulate Sugar Accumulation by Orchestrating the SRK2A/CIPK6-ABI5-TST2 Module in Citrus.

Abscisic acid (ABA) and calcium respectively work as crucial plant hormones and second signalling molecules in the regulation of fruit development and quality formation, including the sugar content and flavour quality. However, the regulatory mechanisms of fruit sugar accumulation arising from the interaction between ABA and calcium have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we show that the application of ABA or calcium enhances sugar accumulation in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit, accompanied by upregulation of the expression level of tonoplast sugar transporter 2 (CsTST2), which mediates the transport of sugars into the vacuole.

2025 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on the Treatment and Management of COVID-19: Abatacept.

This article provides a focused update to the clinical practice guideline on the treatment and management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The guideline panel presents a recommendation on the use of abatacept in hospitalized adults with severe or critical COVID-19. The recommendation is based on evidence derived from a systematic literature review and adheres to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

Lag time from calving to first colostrum harvest in Holstein dairy cows: Association with colostral immunoglobulin G, volume, and dry matter.

The objective of this observational study was to describe the association between lag time from calving to first milking for colostrum harvest. Colostrum samples from primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows (n = 640) from a single herd milking approximately 5,200 cows 3 times daily in a 100-stall rotary parlor were used in this prospective cohort study. Calves were removed immediately after calving and not allowed to suckle their dam.

Prescriber Specialty Involvement in Medicare Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality in the United States. Patients with CHB require long-term antiviral treatment and consistent follow-up, but often face numerous barriers to accessing care and medications. In this study, we used the Medicare Part D database and the Rural-Urban Continuum code to explore specialty and geographic characteristics of healthcare providers that manage Medicare patients with CHB.

Efficacy of Facial Botulinum Toxin A Injections in Alleviating Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease Patients: An Open-Label, Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Purpose: Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairments, frequently accompanied by neuropsychiatric symptoms that significantly impair daily functioning and quality of life. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms among PD patients.

Methods: This is an open-label, nonrandomized controlled trial.

Development of an hybridization assay for the diagnosis of infections of veterinary importance.

Mycobacteria ( family) comprise five genera (, , , , and ), which include relevant animal and human pathogens. Histology is a rapid method for preemptively diagnosing mycobacteriosis, contributing to surveillance, control, and eradication. A constraint on histology is the limited sensitivity and specificity of acid-fast stains, as the number of detectable bacilli in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue varies and other microorganisms are acid-fast positive.

Trends in prenatal opioid use disorder in California, 2010-2022.

Introduction: Opioid-related deaths among perinatal populations have increased sharply in the United States. Whether the recent ascendence of illicit fentanyl and other synthetic opioids in the drug supply translates to increasing prenatal opioid use disorder (OUD) remains unknown. This study tested whether California's comparatively late fentanyl influx, in 2019, was associated with a subsequent increase in OUD among pregnant people.

The Burden of Cancer and Precancerous Conditions Among Transgender Individuals in a Large Health Care Network: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Disparities in cancer burden between transgender and cisgender individuals remain an underexplored area of research.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the cumulative incidence and associated risk factors for cancer and precancerous conditions among transgender individuals compared with matched cisgender individuals.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using patient-level electronic health record (EHR) data from the University of Florida Health Integrated Data Repository between 2012 and 2023.

A Macroporous Cyclodextrin Monolith for Continuous Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Water.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are environmentally persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals that contaminate global drinking water resources. Their ubiquity and potential impact on human health motivate large-scale remediation. Conventional materials used to remove PFASs during drinking water production are functionally inefficient or energetically expensive, motivating the discovery of new materials and technologies.

Elastocaloric evidence for a multicomponent superconductor stabilized within the nematic state in Ba(FeCo)As.

The iron-based high-[Formula: see text] superconductors (SCs) exhibit rich phase diagrams with intertwined phases, including magnetism, nematicity, and superconductivity. The superconducting [Formula: see text] in many of these materials is maximized in the regime of strong nematic fluctuations, making the role of nematicity in influencing the superconductivity a topic of intense research. Here, we use the AC elastocaloric effect (ECE) to map out the phase diagram of Ba(FeCo)As near optimal doping.

Female membrane proteins regulate postmating ovulation in by ovulin-dependent and -independent pathways.

Ovulation is an intricate process that is essential for reproductive success. In , ovulation increases after mating. This increase is initiated by the male seminal fluid protein ovulin and is executed by female pathways, including octopamine (OA) neuronal signaling.

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as a Biomarker in Clinically Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: SPIROMICS cohort.

Rationale: Inflammation is central to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis but incompletely represented in COPD prognostic models. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a readily available inflammatory biomarker.

Objectives: To explore the associations of NLR with smoking status, clinical features of COPD, and future adverse outcomes.

Screening of germplasm for susceptibility to Septoria leaf spot.

Septoria leaf spot, caused by the fungal pathogen , is a common disease of field-grown hemp ( L.). The development of disease-resistant cultivars presents a promising strategy for managing this disease.